A Potential Flood Hazard Caused by Tianchi Volcano Eruption in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively,...     

Types and formation mechanism of collapse in Tianchi region of Changbai Mountain

Collapse is a disaster in Changbai Mountain area. Based on the present stage of collapse, the anthors summarized three types of collapse and analyzed their formation mechanism. This research makes sense to further study.     

翠华山甘湫池景观地质遗迹成因

甘湫池是翠华山国家地质公园的一个新景点。实地调查发现,整个景区是一座罕见的基岩古滑坡,具有滑坡地貌可观察的景观形态特征。从空间分布和层序关系来看,上覆的崩塌乱石是后期堆积在古滑坡体上,甘湫池应是古滑坡形成的拉伸洼地,并非是由崩塌形成的堰塞湖,同时在景观形态上也与水湫池明显不同,这对于科学认识和开展地质遗迹旅游具有重要的意义。     

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唐古拉山中段开心岭群乌丽群的时代定义问题

根据最新区域地质调查的代表剖面,在分析研究下二叠统开心岭群、上二叠统乌丽群的岩性组合特征、沉积类型、古生物面貌的基础上,将二叠系建立5个岩石地层单位和相应的5个生物地层单位,代表栖霞期—长兴期地层层序与生物序列;区内生物性质属特提斯动物群和华夏植物群;青南乌丽与藏北双湖及昌都妥坝属同一含煤建造,成煤期为龙潭中期—长兴期。     

ON THE DIVISION OF NORTH BOUNDARY OF SUBTROPICAL ZONE ACCORDING TO THE COMPOSITIONS AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL HUMUS

In this paper predecessorsˊ achievements about the division between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone on the south slope of Funiu Mountain are firstly summarized,and the cause why these viewpoints about the division are different also has been presented.Seven soil profiles at different heights above sea level are dug along the south slope of Funiu Mountain.Many compositions and properties of soil humus have been analyzed in laboratory.A comprehensive study has been made about the division according to the compositions and properties of soil humus with mathematical method.During the analysis process eitht indexes have been used,such as altitude,organic carbon,humic acid(HA),fulvic acid(FA),the ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid(HA/FA),two extinction coefficients(E4,E6), and their ratio (E4/E6).The result indicates that the boundary is at about 1000 meters above sea level.     

Formation,mechanism and significance of alluvial-dammed lakes in Golmud River catchment,north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

This study investigated a series of dammed lakes and downstream-adjacent alluvial fans in the upstream to middle reaches of the Golmud River in the eastern Kunlun Mountain, on the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). An optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology shows the sediments of five dammed lakes developed from c. 45–40, 30–25, 18–14, and 12–8 ka, corresponding to MIS 3b, late MIS 3a, Last Deglaciation, and early Holocene, respectively. The remote sensing data show these dammed lakes have a total area of 109.4 km², with the lake volume of more than 4.0 km³. Symmetric alluvial fans from north–south tributary valleys produced OSL ages of c. 61–52, 42–31, 26–20, and 16–10 ka, corresponding to glaciation periods: the MIS 3c and MIS 3a, MIS 2, and the Last Deglaciation. This suggests that glacial activity is responsible for the alluvial fan development, where dammed rivers occurred first, but lake formation did not take place synchronously until later periods of strong hydrologic activity, resulting from northward intrusions of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or glacier melt. Thus, the blocking pattern is that river valleys were dammed during periods of glacial activity and lakes formed during wet periods. The lake formation and subsequent drainage may have resulted in: (i) impeded headwater incision and strengthening of downstream dissection; (ii) enriched the halite and potash in the distal Qarhan Salt Lake through hydrologic and hydrochemical processes of abundant water input, the salt lake expansion, salt redissolution from playa and final resedimentation during later dry periods. The alluvial-dammed lake pattern in the mountain-basin systems of eastern Kunlun Mountain offers a model for assessing the linkages between monsoon dynamics, geomorphic processes and distal salt lake evolutions in other arid regions.     

内蒙古大青山古元古代埃达克质花岗岩:岩石学、地球化学及其构造意义

大青山发育的石英闪长岩在地球化学上具有埃达克质花岗岩的特点。它们以较高的硅(Si O2一般大于56%,较高的铝(Al2O3一般大于14%),富钠(Na2O通常大于4%),低K2O/Na2O比(分子数)(通常小于0.4)。它们还富大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Sr)、过渡元素(如Cr、Ni)亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ti)为特征。球粒陨石标准化稀土图谱显示轻稀土富集型,并具有明显的正Eu异常。锆石U-Pb SHRIMP的测年,结合野外地质和前寒武纪消减带花岗岩演化特征,推断埃达克质花岗岩形成于2435±12Ma。表明该区古元古代存在真正意义的板块构造,俯冲作用已经发生。     

ArcGIS三维可视技术在山区水库库盘选址中的应用

介绍了利用ArcGIS系统的三维分析模块实现山区水库项目选址的三维可视化。基于GIS、航测、水工设计等基础资料,通过多个软件工具处理数据,在ArcGIS系统下整合与分析。最终实现了库区的三维地形漫游、水库蓄水、淹没等三维动态过程,为论证工程规模与工程选址提供决策依据。     

实际地形下30min太阳辐射模拟及误差分析——以祁连山马粪沟流域为例

借鉴国内外实际地形条件下的太阳辐射计算方法,基于数字高程模型,建立了任意地形实际天气下30min太阳辐射估算模型。在此基础上利用2008年9月—2009年6月祁连山高山区马粪沟流域实测辐射资料对模型精度进行了验证,并分析了模型误差来源。结果表明,由于DEM数据误差造成30min太阳辐射模型计算的遮蔽度与实际的遮蔽度存在...