Microbial community structure and diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre

The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.     

不同演替阶段人工柠条林丛枝菌根真菌分子多样性研究

采用PCR-DGGE和DNA克隆测序技术对黄土沟壑区一时间演替序列（5、13、20 a和42 a）上的人工柠条林的丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi;AMF)进行群落结构及多样性研究。结果显示,所有DNA序列聚为四个均属于AMF Glomus属的序列群,分别与Genbank上已登录的G.intraradices（同源性≥98%）、G. fasciculatum（=99%）、Glo18（=98%）和G. sp.（=98%）相关,这表明,在特定的时间点上柠条根系的AMF多样性十分低下。这四个序列群在5~20 a的柠条林中均出现,而在42 a的柠条林中只有G. sp.未出现,这表明,AMF群落组成并未随着柠条林的演替而发生显著改变,即AMF群落并未随着人工柠条林的恢复演替而得到恢复;土壤理化性质的稳定以及人工柠条林中的AMF群落与植被之间的正向反馈关系可能是导致这种现象的主要原因。     

Phylogenetic diversity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit genes of bacterioplankton in the East China Sea

Phylogenetic diversity of Form Ⅰ and Form Ⅱ ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) large subunit (rbcL) genes in the inshore and offshore areas of the East China Sea were investigated. Two new primer sets were designed for amplifying partial sequences of rbcL genes from Proteobacteria. Four rbcL gene clone libraries were constructed by amplification and cloning of approximately 640-800 bp sequences of bacterioplankton populations. The method of screening library by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was introduced. The results show that the diversity of Form I is higher in offshore waters with higher salinity and lower productivity, while that of Form II is higher at the inshore station where salinity is lower and productivity is higher. Several clusters of sequences obtained are deeply rooted and show low similarity (60%-78%) to the known rbcL in existing databases. The degree of diversity of rbcL genes is directly related to environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc. These results indicate that rbcL gene can be used as an effective indicator for genetic diversity and population variability of bacterioplankton with the ability of carbon dioxide fixation in the sea.     

太湖梅梁湾水华微囊藻基因型组成和产毒微囊藻丰度的变化

采用基于ITS序列的PCR-DGGE方法分析了太湖梅粱湾水华暴发过程中(6-11月)微囊藻的不同基因型组成的变化,同时利用针对微囊藻毒素合成酶基因mcyA和微囊藻特异性的16S rDNA部分核苷酸序列的引物,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法(qRT-PCR)分析水华样品中产毒微囊藻与总微囊藻的量.通过两者的比值反映产毒微囊藻丰度.结果表明,在发生水华的不同时期,微囊藻的基因型组成发生了变化,其中以8月末、9月和10月的基因型最多,基因型M5和M10存在于整个水华发展过程中.共检测到12种主要的基因型,每个基因型在水华的不同时期所占的比例互不相同.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示从6月到10月,产毒微囊藻的丰度呈增大的趋势,从0.750%增加到32.16%,而11月产毒微囊藻的丰度显著下降.     

与微囊藻胞外多糖降解相关的微生物菌群分析

从铜绿微囊藻培养液中提取胞外多糖,化学分析显示其为含8.3%蛋白质的酸性杂多糖.以胞外多糖为碳源接种自然水体的菌群进行富集培养,分析胞外多糖的微生物降解过程及降解菌的组成.结果表明,接种太湖水华期微生物富集菌群后,多糖立即开始被降解,大约在18d后多糖降解过程显著减慢,37d后仍有一部分多糖未能被降解.这些结果说明在自然界中微囊藻胞外多糖是可以被微生物降解的.比较不同水体的菌群对多糖的降解能力后显示,降解菌群只存在于微囊藻水华暴发的阶段.变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)结果显示在整个降解过程中,降解菌群的组成未发生显著变化.对DGGE条带中的DNA片段进行序列分析和系统发育分析表明降解菌群包含以下几类:鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)3个,褐螺菌属(Phaeospirillum)1个,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)1个,红环菌科(Rhodoeyclaceae)1个,Hylemonella(无译名)1个,分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)1个.     

沉水植物生态修复对西湖细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

沉水植物的重建是湖泊富营养化修复的关键措施之一.本研究利用在杭州西湖进行的沉水植物生态修复工程,应用基于聚合酶链式反应的变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)及分子克隆等手段,研究种植菹草和苦草对水体中细菌多样性及群落结构的影响.未进行沉水植物生态修复的湖区细菌以Bacteroidetes(42.9%)、Betaproteobacteria(30.8%)和Verru-comicrobia(14.3%)为主.而种植菹草和苦草后,Bacteroidetes所占的比例分别减少到12.7%和5.3%;Betaproteobacteria则分别提高到52.4%和59.5%;Alphaproteobacteria由4.4%分别提高到19.0%和12.8%.种植菹草后Verrucomicrobia所占比例大幅降低,而种植苦草对Verrucomicrobia的影响不大.沉水植物修复不仅可以改善水质,同时也可以显著提高水体中细菌的多样性,改变细菌的群落结构.     

海洋异养细菌对小球藻生长和无机营养盐吸收的影响研究

从胶州湾海洋异养细菌同小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的共存体系中,分离出6株形态特征差异较大的异养细菌,并做变性凝胶梯度电泳(Denature Gel Gradient Electrophoresis,DGGE)分析.其中一株对小球藻的生长有较大的促进作用,而其余菌株则没有明显的效果.6株细菌能在小球藻产生的胞外溶解有机物(Dissolved Organic Mate rials,DOM)溶液中生长良好,共存细菌对提高菌藻体系对无机营养盐的吸收具有较大的贡献.     

2010年夏季白令海浮游细菌的多样性和群落组成分析

海洋浮游细菌在海洋生态系统的运行中起着关键性的生物地球化学作用。利用2010年夏季第4次北极考察获得的白令海不同深度水样,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术以及克隆建库等方法,来了解白令海中浮游细菌的多样性和群落组成等信息。结果表明:在白令海海盆区B07站位的50 m处,其浮游细菌的香农多样性指数是最高的,为2.61;香农多样性指数最低的是B07站位的3 m处,为1.99。白令海海盆区的细菌多样性变化比陆架区要大,有可能与海洋环境的复杂变化有关。通过克隆测序,鉴定出的浮游细菌类群分为4大类：α-变形杆菌、β-变形杆菌、γ-变形杆菌和拟杆菌。其中γ-变形杆菌所占的比例最大,为53%,是白令海中的优势种群;拟杆菌其次,为37%。这些浮游细菌在白令海中的分布情况为：γ-变形杆菌和拟杆菌存在于3个位点的所有水层中,α-变形杆菌只存在于B07站位的50m和100 m水层中,β-变形杆菌除B13站位的0 m处外,存在于其他站位的所有水层中。白令海B断面3个站位的温度随着深度的增加而降低,盐度随着深度的增加而升高。大体上白令海海盆区（B07站位）的硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度比陆架区（B15和B13站位）高,陆架区的铵盐浓度较海盆区高。     

起始pH值对海洋混合菌群产氢量的影响

对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行热休克处理,厌氧条件下富集混合菌群进行产氢试验;设置起始pH从4．0到8．0（间隔0．5个单位）,比较混合菌群在不同pH培养条件下产氢量;利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析不同起始pH培养条件下的混合菌群组成。结果表明,在起始pH为7．0时,混合菌群产氢量最高。不同起始pH对产氢量的影响,依...     

Effects of Salinity and Temperature on Bacterial Biodiversity in Hangu Solar Saltworks,China

正1 Introduction The multi-pond solar saltworks inhabit diverse microbial groups in which a gradient of salinities range from seawater to Na Cl precipitation.Along the salinity gradient,the majority of microbial community changes