Torsional vibration of a finite cylindrical cavity in a two-layer transversely isotropic half-space

The aim of this paper is to present a rigorous investigation for a two-layered transversely isotropic linear elastic half-space containing a circular cylindrical cavity of length equal to the top layer undergoing mono-harmonic ring shape shear stress applied either on the vertical cylindrical surface or on the base of the cavity. To this end, a combination of Fourier cosine integral transform for depth and Hankel integral transform for radial distance are used, which translate the boundary value problem to a singular integral equation for the shear stress comes out from the continuity of two layers. The integral equation is solved for some collocation points with a smoothed variable of distance, which is adapted with the use of a free parameter. It is shown that, although the shear stress is highly singular, it does not highly depend on this free parameter. Both the analytical and numerical results are verified with both the static isotropic and dynamic transversely isotropic homogeneous cases. In addition, some new graphical results are presented for more understanding in engineering point of view.     

早期碰撞造山带的构造样式及其板块构造演化意义：以华北克拉通五台山花岗岩—绿岩区为例

早期碰撞造山带的研究是探索板块构造早期体制的前缘领域。五台山地貌高差巨大（达2437m）、山体雄伟、地质露头连续完整,是我国早前寒武纪地质研究的经典地区和认识大陆克拉通早期地壳演化的窗口,已成为世界早前寒武纪碰撞造山带的典型实例。围绕五台山构造样式的深入研究,对于揭示早期板块构造演化及中浅地壳构造层次具有重要的地质意义。 大量的野外地质调查及构造横剖面研究表明,五台山东冶亚群为华北克拉通的早期沉积盖层,它以开阔复式向形为特征,不整合于造山杂岩及其前陆冲断带和前陆盆地之上。区域变质相的分布及豆村亚群主期褶皱枢纽指示,五台山花岗岩—绿岩区向西南掀斜,出露了新太古代碰撞造山带不同构造单元（造山杂岩及前陆冲断带和前陆盆地）中浅层次上连续而完整的构造剖面。前陆冲断带以沉积岩系大规模平卧褶皱和逆断层、蛇绿岩混杂带和基底构造活化为特征。造山杂岩发育低角度逆断层和复杂叠加褶皱,伴随不同时期花岗岩类的侵位。从浅部层次向深部,绿岩带复式褶皱逐渐被与TTG杂岩构造叠置的表壳岩构造岩片取代,构造面理由陡立趋于平缓。与世界其他花岗岩—绿岩区相比,五台山区完好保留了造山带挤压构造及其前陆盆地沉积,指示早期碰撞造山过程的强烈构造缩短和大规模地壳隆升作用,是研究早期板块碰撞造山过程的重要例证。     

The Interrelationship of Micro-Meso and Macroscopic Structures on the Western Limb of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Pakistan

Detailed micro-meso to macroscopic structural analyses reveal two deformation phases in the western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis(HKS). Bulk top to NW shearing transformed initially symmetrical NNE-SSW trending meso to macroscopic folds from asymmetric to overturned ones without changing their trend. Sigmoidal en-echelon tension gashes developed during this deformation,that were oblique to bedding parallel worm burrows and bedding planes themselves. Strain analyses of deformed elliptical ooids using the R_f/φ method constrain the internal strain patterns of the NNE-SSW structures. The principal stretching axis(S_3) defined by deformed elliptical ooids is oriented N27°E at right angles to WNW-ESE shortening. The deformed elliptical ooids in sub-vertical bedding vertical planes contain ooids that plunge ~70° SE due to NW-directed tectonic transport. Finite strain ratios are1.45(R_(xy)) parallel to bedding plane and 1.46(R_(yz)) for the vertical plane. From these 2D strain values, we derive an oblate strain ellipsoidal in 3D using the Flinn and Hsu/Nadai techniques. Strains calculated from deformed elliptical ooids average-18.10% parallel to bedding and-18.47% in the vertical plane.However, a balanced cross-section through the study area indicates a minimum of~-28% shortening.Consequently, regional shortening was only partially accommodated by internal deformation.     

西秦岭泥盆纪西汉水群、三叠纪隆务河群叠加褶皱的存在证据及地质意义

在西秦岭泥盆纪、三叠纪地层中普遍存在着叠加褶皱,由于覆盖和两期褶皱的近共轴特征,使得这种叠加褶皱的识别和填绘长期未能得到合理解决。多期面理的识别和空间关系、小褶皱枢纽和轴面产状统计,为叠加褶皱的存在提供了依据。地质体平面形态的透镜化和走向弯曲,是两期叠加褶皱干涉图象的平面特征。有效解析叠加褶皱,合理建立构造模型,不仅对区域构造发展的历史具有重大意义,在指导地质填图工作的进行方面也具有不可替代的作用。甘肃西秦岭地区大面积分布的泥盆纪西汉水群和三叠纪隆务河群,以浅变质和砂板岩夹灰岩的沉积建造为特点,地质填图中厚度巨大的假象是叠加褶皱构造叠置所成,是构造复合的结果。多期面理关系的研究和小褶皱枢纽产状的统计分析,认为有两期近共轴、小角度的褶皱叠加。     

桂西蛇场背斜重力滑动构造及控矿作用

印支造山期结束以后,蛇场背斜南翼三叠系在倾斜的基盘上,曾一度象冰川一样在自身重力的作用下,自北向南脱顶滑移,并造成锑的成矿控矿构造。着重叙述了这类构造的发育机制及特征,并探讨其对锑矿床赋存状态的控制作用。     

库车断层相关褶皱的切角检验

库车再生前陆盆地地下构造复杂，正确的构造解释就成为了解盆地成因机理和油气圈闭的关键所在。利用断层相关褶皱几何学理论建立的构造几何模型，对库车地震剖面断层相关褶皱进行了切角检验，结果表明切角实测角度值与理论角度值一致，从而证明了在库车地区所建立的断层相关褶皱构造模型的合理性。     

Transpressional deformation in northwestern Sardinia (Italy): insights on the tectonic evolution of the Variscan BeltDéformation transpressive dans le Nord-Ouest de la Sardaigne (Italie) : considérations sur l'évolution tectonique de la chaı̂ne Varisque

Structural investigations in northwestern Sardinia highlight the occurrence of a regional D2 transpressional deformation related both to NNE–SSW direction of compression and to a NW–SE shear displacement. The deformation is continuous and heterogeneous, showing a northward strain increase, indicated by progressively tighter folds and occurrence of F2 sheath folds. D2 transpression is characterised by the presence of a crustal-scale shear deformation overprinting previous D1 structures, related to nappe stacking and top-to-the-south and southwest thrusting. The L2 prominent stretching lineation points to an orogen-parallel extension and to a change in the tectonic transport from D1 to D2. It is attributed to the position of Sardinia close to the northeastern part of the Cantabrian indenter during the progressive evolution of the Ibero-Armorican Arc. D1 phase developed during initial frontal collision, whereas D2 deformation characterised the progressive effect of horizontal displacement during the increasing curvature of the arc. To cite this article: R. Carosi, G. Oggiano, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 287–294.     

Mechanical stratigraphy as a factor controlling the development of a sandbox transfer zone: a three-dimensional analysis

In thrust belts, fold–fault terminations are common features of the structural architecture and can pose complicated problems to unravel, in particular when two or more terminations are in close proximity. Such terminations usually reflect pre-existing attributes. Amongst the many factors, lateral variations in the mechanical stratigraphy can control along-strike geometry and kinematics of fault-related folds.A displacement transfer zone was produced in a compressional sandbox model by means of two adjacent, mechanically different stratigraphic domains. The experiment allowed two discrete chains to develop in the different domains, so that a complex structural setting occurred in the connecting area. Periclinal folds, oblique thrust fronts and oblique ramps developed in the resulting transfer zone. The interaction between periclines in the transfer zone produced lateral culminations in the folded structures. The analysis of displacement across the structural domains revealed that a significant loss of slip along the faults occurred in the relay zone. In this area, imbricate faulting was partially replaced by layer-parallel shortening. A linear relationship appears to exist between the bed length of the thrust sheet and the related fault slip.     

雅砻江锦屏水电站地区褶皱分期及其对岩石地层的影响研究

根据褶皱构造的分类、分期原则,首次将雅砻江锦屏水电站地区褶皱划分为3期:第1期为印支造山期主褶皱;第2期为印支期后层内流变褶皱,第3期为燕山期—喜山期叠加褶皱。这3期褶皱在类型、规模和特征上各具特色,晚期褶皱对早期褶皱还存在叠加关系,从而对本区构造格局的形成以及地层岩石的展布、形态和厚度变化等方面起着直接的控制作用。印支期主褶皱在宏观上控制了坝区地层岩石的总体分布,第二期和第三期褶皱造成坝区岩层厚度、形态、岩性组合的明显变化。