环境质量与经济增长库兹尼茨关系空间计量分析

大多数学者研究环境库兹尼茨曲线(EKC)时,都隐含地假定一个地区人均污染与相邻的地区不存在空间相关性,因而其得到的估计结果可能出现偏误,进而将结论应用到环境政策方面也令人难以信服。为克服上述缺陷,利用中国28个省域1993~2005年的面板数据,应用考虑空间效应的空间面板数据模型,对中国的环境库兹尼茨曲线进行实证分析。结果发现:(1)我国的区域污染存在空间相关性,因此空间面板数据模型更适于研究EKC曲线;(2)区域污染排放不仅受本地区人均收入影响,而且相邻区域的污染物排放也对本地区有重大影响,即污染物排放具有空间溢出作用;(3)我国居民环境质量-收入弹性仍然处于较低的水平,环境质量在居民消费需求中比重并不高。     

Automated registration of dense terrestrial laser-scanning point clouds using curves

This paper proposes an automatic method for registering terrestrial laser scans in terms of robustness and accuracy. The proposed method uses spatial curves as matching primitives to overcome the limitations of registration methods based on points, lines, or patches as primitives. These methods often have difficulty finding correspondences between the scanned point clouds of freeform surfaces (e.g., statues, cultural heritage). The proposed method first clusters visually prominent points selected according to their associated geometric curvatures to extract crest lines which describe the shape characteristics of point clouds. Second, a deformation energy model is proposed to measure the shape similarity of these crest lines to select the correct matching-curve pairs. Based on these pairs, good initial orientation parameters can be obtained, resulting in fine registration. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method, demonstrating a reliable and stable solution for accurately registering complex scenes without good initial alignment.     

高精度电磁频谱法在滇东煤层气勘探中的应用

使用高精度电磁频谱探测方法,对滇东恩洪、老厂地区的煤层气作实地探测。取得煤系地层中的地球物理响应。由此建立煤层、围岩的岩性与物性的关系,进而利用大地电磁频谱探测技术了解煤层的埋深、厚度。使煤层气的勘探工作有了新的科学勘探技术方法。     

航空伽玛能谱测量的高度修正及高度曲线拟合

本文对航空伽玛能谱测量中的高度修正和高度曲线拟合等问题做了一些新的探讨,给出了准确进行高度修正和高度曲线拟合的实用方法,可提高航空伽玛能谱测量的精确度,并能实现地面和空中灵敏度的换算。     

太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响

为探索太湖流域水环境质量随经济发展的变化趋势,利用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型模拟1978-2012年太湖上游流域人均GDP与废水排放量、入湖总磷负荷的关系.结果表明:以1978年为计算基期,太湖上游流域人均GDP年均增速为10.3%~11.8%;1990-2012年,太湖上游流域年均工业废水排放量和废水排放总量分别为64799×104、93707×104t,与人均GDP均呈倒U型关系,从2006-2007年、2008-2009年呈下降趋势;入湖总磷负荷与太湖上游流域废水排放总量呈显著正相关,且与人均GDP呈倒U型关系,从2007-2008年呈下降趋势,在1990s以前为850~1200 t/a,1990s以后为1300~2000 t/a.该研究为从经济学角度评估太湖上游流域废水排放、入湖总磷负荷及其变化趋势提供科学依据.     

Using hydrologic and hydraulically derived geometric parameters of perennial rivers to determine minimum water requirements of ecological habitats (case study: Mazandaran Sea Basin—Iran)

This paper studies one of the most important problems of dry countries that are confronted with water deficit and the competition of rivals to allocate water. Some common methods have been investigated for computing the minimum water requirement to save a river's biological activity. After a discussion of the currently used method in Iran (the Tenant Method), the application of some other methods, which are known as Hydraulic and Hydrological Methods, is illustrated. The case study is a river in the northern part of Iran and this research addresses the critical situation of this river in near future regarding the planned anthropogenic alteration and its consequences. It has been shown that the application of environmental water allocation methods that have no background in a region could be misleading. The first proposed method is the Texas Method, in which flexibility in water allocation helps to develop an integrated river management paradigm in the study area. The second preferred method is a Hydraulic Method, by which the implementation of morphological parameters or flow geometrical properties could sustain physical habitat within an acceptable range in terms of depth, width, velocity, and bed shear stress. In the case study, the Maximum Curvature Method was superior to the Slope Method. The investigation revealed that using a widely recommended slope of 1 for the discharge‐wetted perimeter function can lead to an overestimated and unacceptable discharge. The Tenant Method in respect to minimum environmental flow requirement yielded the weakest result, and it has been illustrated that its application might impose irrecoverable shock to the ecosystem. The Flow Duration Curve Method (the Q₉₅ Method), in spite of its subjectivity, showed more compatibility with the river's condition in comparison with the Tenant Method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

惯性测量数据的最优实时处理方法

如何提高惯性测量的精度,是惯性测量工作者面临的主要问题。本文首先对目前惯性测量系统中采用的几种实时处理方法进行了分析和比较,提出一种改进的卡尔曼滤波算法。仿真结果表明:改进的卡尔曼滤波算法较卡尔曼滤波定位精度高。     

非开挖钻进工程最优穿越曲线的计算

在非开挖钻进工程中,穿越曲线的设计是第一个关键的工作,而只有根据现场条件设计计算出合适的穿越曲线,才能保证整个钻进穿越工程的顺利进行和完成。本文在满足相关规范要求的基础上,建立了穿越曲线的计算模型,并利用MATLAB计算程序对其进行优化计算,确定最短穿越距离,使得穿越工程费用最经济。通过现场工程的验证,该计算模型对现场施工有一定的指导意义。     

缓和曲线的坐标法放样

提出了根据缓和曲线高斯坐标放样曲线的新方法 ,阐述了缓和曲线高斯坐标的采集计算方法。     

省域环境库兹涅茨曲线的扩展及其决定因素——空间计量经济学模型实证

基于扩展的传统环境库茨涅茨曲线(EKC),利用2008年中国31个省域截面数据和空间计量经济学模型,分析省域环境污染的空间相关性、EKC的形状及决定因素。结果发现:我国省域环境污染存在明显空间依赖性和空间溢出效应,高—高和低—低集聚区居主导地位;全域截面数据模拟的EKC形状为"U+倒U"型,其中30个省域的EKC曲线为"倒U"型,EKC假说在省域尺度得到了证实;29个省域的人均GDP位于"倒U"型曲线左侧区域,表明省域人均收入越高,环境污染越严重;上海已率先跨过"倒U"型曲线拐点,其人均收入的提高与环境保护较为协调;人口规模、城市化水平及中等级人力资本,与环境污染损失成正相关;升级产业结构、积累高等级人力资本及提高对外开放程度,有利于控制环境污染。