Remote sensing and GIS for artificial recharge study, runoff estimation and planning in Ayyar basin, Tamil Nadu, India

This paper focuses on artificial groundwater recharge study in Ayyar basin, Tamil Nadu, India. The basin is covered by hard crystalline rock and overall has poor groundwater conditions. Hence, an artificial recharge study was carried out in this region through a project sponsored by Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology. The Indian Remote Sensing satellite 1A Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor II (IRS 1A LISS II) satellite imagery, aerial photographs and geophysical resistivity data were used to prioritize suitable sites for artificial recharge and to estimate the volume of aquifer dimension available to recharge. The runoff water available for artificial recharge in the basin is estimated through Soil Conservation Service curve number method. The land use/land cover, hydrological soil group and storm rainfall data in different watershed areas were used to calculate the runoff in the watersheds. The weighted curve number for each watershed is obtained through spatial intersection of land use/land cover and hydrological soil group through GeoMedia 3.0 Professional GIS software. Artificial recharge planning was derived on the basis of availability of runoff, aquifer dimension, priority areas and water table conditions in different watersheds in the basin.     

T-a曲线法求承压含水层参数

针对承压含水层抽水试验数据,本文提出一种新方法求含水层水文地质参数.并附上有关计算程序.     

GPS定位中卫星坐标计算的曲线拟合法

在ＧＰＳ单点定位和相对定位中都需要不断计算卫星的坐标。卫星的坐标是根据接收到的广播星厍来计算的。在后处理中也可以用精密星历来计算卫生坐标。而每次计算卫星坐标都需要占用大量内存和时间,影响计算好曲线拟合法的基本模型,讨论了知识垢多项式算法,通过对实际观测数据的处理表明采用正交多项式拟合效果最好。另外还就曲线拟合的取样点和多项式的阶数等问题进行了讨论。     

环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染关系分析——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线

发达国家的发展历史表明,经济发展与环境污染存在一定的关系,在经济发展的初级阶段,经济的快速增长可能以牺牲环境为代价.环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染的矛盾尤为突出.文章运用环境库兹涅茨曲线原理和模型,分析了环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染之间的关系.研究发现,在过去一段时间内,环渤海地区的环境污染状况与经济收入也基本符合倒“U...     

逐步回归曲线拟合模型及其在气象要素预报中的应用

本文将逐步回归和曲线拟合结合起来,设计了一种逐步回归曲线拟合模型,实例分析表明,该模型与逐步回归相比,其拟合误差和预报误差均较小,具有较高的使用价值。     

Simulating the daily discharge of the Mandovi River,west coast of India

Abstract

A hydrological modelling framework was assembled to simulate the daily discharge of the Mandovi River on the Indian west coast. Approximately 90% of the west-coast rainfall, and therefore discharge, occurs during the summer monsoon (June–September), with a peak during July–August. The modelling framework consisted of a digital elevation model (DEM) called GLOBE, a hydrological routing algorithm, the Terrestrial Hydrological Model with Biogeochemistry (THMB), an algorithm to map the rainfall recorded by sparse raingauges to the model grid, and a modified Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. A series of discharge simulations (with and without the SCS method) was carried out. The best simulation was obtained after incorporating spatio-temporal variability in the SCS parameters, which was achieved by an objective division of the season into five regimes: the lean season, monsoon onset, peak monsoon, end-monsoon, and post-monsoon. A novel attempt was made to incorporate objectively the different regimes encountered before, during and after the Indian monsoon, into a hydrological modelling framework. The strength of our method lies in the low demand it makes on hydrological data. Apart from information on the average soil type in a region, the entire parameterization is built on the basis of the rainfall that is used to force the model. That the model does not need to be calibrated separately for each river is important, because most of the Indian west-coast basins are ungauged. Hence, even though the model has been validated only for the Mandovi basin, its potential region of application is considerable. In the context of the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) framework, the potential of the proposed approach is significant, because the discharge of these (ungauged) rivers into the eastern Arabian Sea is not small, making them an important element of the local climate system.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Grimaldi

Citation Suprit, K., Shankar, D., Venugopal, V. and Bhatkar, N.V., 2012. Simulating the daily discharge of the Mandovi River, west coast of India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 686–704.     

基于饱和曲线法的地基沉降全过程预测

针对S形沉降时程特征,提出了饱和曲线预测模型。首先,证明了该模型与S形沉降曲线的特点是相吻合的,包括有界性、单调递增性、存在反弯点,同时考察了模型中各参数改变对结果的影响; 其次,阐述了待定参数的获取方法和沉降预测步骤; 最后,通过多个工程实例对沉降预测模型的合理性进行了研究。算例表明,饱和曲线预测模型可以有效地用于加载全过程的沉降预测,具有适应性较广、精度较高、稳定性好的特点。与双曲线法、指数曲线法、星野法、生长曲线法相比而言,本文提出的沉降预测模型可靠性较高,具有一定的工程价值和应用前景。     

河南省1985—2006年环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

自1991年美国经济学家格鲁斯曼(Grossman)和克鲁格(Krueger)利用西蒙*库兹涅茨的"倒U型假说"得出环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)后,国内外许多专家学者利用EKC研究经济增长和环境保护的关系.选取河南省1985-2006年共22年间的经济与环境数据,利用SPSS统计软件,建立河南省经济发展与工业"三废"排放量的计量模型,分析工业"三废"排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征及其成因.结果表明:河南省工业废水排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈正"U"形 倒"U"形曲线左侧,工业废气和固体废弃物排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈倒"U"形左侧曲线,即河南省工业"三废"排放量仍处于上升期,除工业废水排放量与人均GDP的回归曲线已初见转折外,其余尚未达到环境质量趋好的转折点,今后仍必须加强环境保护,从而实现自然、经济和社会协调发展.     

磁性层状介质的CSAMT电场分量响应特征

在传统的勘探电磁学理论中,往往把岩层磁导率近似看成空气中的磁导率,从而得到简化后的电磁场响应式,主要用于指导非磁性介质情况下的电磁探测.本文开展了磁性介质的电磁响应理论、数值模拟和特征分析等研究,以便实现对磁性矿体的电磁精细探测.首先推导出磁性层情况下的电磁响应表达式;然后,计算了几种典型磁性介质地质断面的响应曲线,并对其响应特征进行了分析;研究结果表明:当磁性层位于地表时,当表层相对磁导率μr1.2,磁性层对电磁测深曲线具体明显的影响;当岩层为中间层时,只要μr1.2,对H型、A型曲线中段会有影响.对H型曲线,主要表现在使极小值处的曲线抬高、变宽,以致使曲线形态发生变化;当磁性层处于最后一层时,不论岩层的磁导率是多少,对各类二、三层曲线来讲,不会影响曲线的形态,只是使渐近线前第一个极值点的位置右移,极值点至渐近线之间的线段变得较为陡峭.     

丽江市经济发展与环境污染水平的关系

以废水排放总量、废气排放总量以及固体废弃物储存总量表征环境污染的综合水平,研究丽江市经济发展与环境污染水平之间的关系。结果表明:1994~2007年丽江市环境污染状况随经济增长呈现波动变化,环境库兹涅茨曲线大体呈现"倒U形+U形"的变化特征。其中"倒U形"的峰值出现在1998~1999年人均GDP为2000~3000元之间,"U形"的低谷出现在2001~2002年人均GDP为3000~4000元之间。进一步分析工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量、工业固体废物贮存量等单项指标的环境库兹涅茨曲线,分别呈现"U形曲线的下降阶段"、"U形曲线的上升阶段"和"倒U形+U形+倒U形"特征,即M形。分析表明,上述环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,与污染物排放量、产业结构变动、环境保护投资力度、环保政策等有密切的关系。