佛山市城市景观的空间演化与文化研究

城市景观为城市文化的载体,是城市物质表现,而城市文化同时又建设和改变着城市景观。佛山市是国家历史文化名城,景观与文化的相互作用显著,文中试以佛山市为例,追溯城市的文化背景、景观的空间演变,从历史文化景观、工商业专业文化景观、宗教文化景观、民俗文化景观、园林绿化景观等五个方面进行了文化特征分析,指出构建历史文化名城和现代生态城市相结合的综合性城市是佛山市今后作为区域中心城市的景观建设的取向。     

三种数学模型在海洋经济预测中的应用

根据可得的海洋经济统计数据,采用三种数学模型对2007年至2010年中国主要海洋产业的产值进行了预测,通过对历史数据拟合的比较,认为ARIMA模型拟合度较差,三次指数平滑法的拟合精度居中,灰色系统拟合误差最小。     

新发展格局下粤港澳大湾区高科技产业多尺度空间联系与政策启示

中国区域发展和产业布局正迈向“以内循环为主体、内外循环相互促进”的新发展格局,而城市群肩负着内循环增长极、辐射源和双循环战略支点的双重使命。现有研究对核心城市群高科技产业带动内循环的空间格局及其政策启示的关注尚显薄弱。论文以改革开放以来深度融入外循环的粤港澳大湾区为例,刻画并对比其战略性支柱产业(电子信息、汽车、家电)和战略性新兴产业(生物科技、智能机器人、新材料)在区域内部和外部(带动粤东西北、泛珠三角、全国)的多尺度空间联系,总结推进以内循环为主体构建新发展格局的政策启示。研究发现：(1)粤港澳大湾区高科技产业多尺度空间联系以经济发达地区之间为主,区域内形成以广深港科技创新走廊为主轴向周边辐射,国内形成以粤港澳大湾区、长三角、京津冀和成渝4大国家级城市群为菱形结构顶点、中西部省会城市为重要节点的空间格局;(2)战略性支柱产业相比战略性新兴产业形成了更加稳固的菱形结构顶点支撑和城市区域化溢出及区域间联动进程,辐射带动的地理范围更广,在粤港澳大湾区内外的产业功能分工也更加完善;(3)建议以菱形结构作为内循环的基础空间架构,构建城市、区域、国家多尺度空间相互联动、经济发达地区和欠发达地区...     

华北地区人类文化遗址的地球化学环境演变

在地球演化历史上,第四纪是人类诞生、发展和壮大的时代,它所形成的地质产物中记录了丰富的生态环境信息。河北省境内第四纪岩石地层(泥河湾组、赤城组、马兰组、迁安组)的风化指数CIA,Fe2O3/FeO,Fe/Mn等地球化学参数可作为年均气温、年均降雨量等气候因子的近似代用指标;华北地区人类文化遗址所在地水系沉积物中Hg,Sn和Au等元素含量随人类文明的演进而阶段性增高。这一结果表明,人类为了适应不断变化的自然地理环境(寒冷、干旱),不得不进行技术创新,从而产生了农业耕作、工业革命及现代信息产业等文明进步成果,但与此同时,却也导致了地质环境的人为污染,甚至可能引发全球温室效应。     

广东省污染密集型产业转移机制——基于2000～2009年面板数据模型的实证

全球化背景下污染密集型产业的跨国和跨地区转移成为研究的热点问题。本文采用2000～2009年广东省21个地级市的统计数据,发现其污染密集型产业其呈现"S"型的时间发展特征和"分散-集中-分散"的空间发展特征,说明广东省污染密集型产业存在空间转移的现象。建立面板数据模型分析产业空间转移的影响机制,得出如下结论:一是国际产业转移主要采取污染密集型产业出口的形式,而非FDI;二是环境管制是促进污染密集型产业由珠三角地区向非珠三角地区转移的重要驱动因素;三是影响污染密集型产业转移的主要机制是地方政府的管制,如迁入地地方政府的基础设施条件、服务水平和优惠政策等;四是低人力资本不是影响污染密集型产业转移的影响因子。最后,本研究也说明广东省仍然是国际污染密集型产业的"污染避难所",而非珠三角地区正在成为珠三角地区的"污染避难所",因此要加大产业转移中的环境监管。     

Migration patterns of Neolithic settlements on the abandoned Yellow and Yangtze River deltas of China

Archaeological records of the Neolithic settlements on the eastern China coast between 35°N and 30°N, an area covering the abandoned Yellow River and the Yangtze River delta plains, reveal that Neolithic people moved from the Yellow River basin onto the northern coast for fishing, hunting and dry-land agriculture ~ 7000 yr ago. Marine transgression interrupted their activities on the low-lying (2-5 m in elevation) coastal wetlands between 6000 and 5000 yr ago, after which they reclaimed their land near the river mouths. Their migration routes on the southern Yangtze delta plain indicate another scenario: early Neolithic communities moved onto the plain for wet-rice cultivation. Despite relative sea-level rise from 7000 to 4000 yr ago, a large number of settlements were established on the lowlands between the eastern Chenier Ridges and the western Taihu Lake depression. The Chenier Ridges, with ~ 1.0 m higher topography than the adjacent coastal area, played a role in sheltering the Neolithic people. Subsequently, settlements waned considerably, possibly due to further marine inundation combined with cold climate. The present study shows that migration patterns of the Neolithic settlements are closely associated with a gradually rising sea level between 7000 and 4000 yr ago.     

Cultural climatology and the representation of sky, atmosphere, weather and climate in selected art works of Constable, Monet and Eliasson

The visual turn presents new challenges and methodologies for the pursuit of geography as we seek to communicate our ideas and understanding within and beyond the discipline. This paper attempts to show the potential importance of visual culture within a field that we may call cultural climatology. Cultural climatology seeks to explore the dialectic between society and atmosphere, weather and climate at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. A new visual approach to cultural climatology is presented as a possible way of stimulating conversations across the divide between the social and physical sciences. Images and visualisation assert their presence in the understanding, modelling and communication of many nature/culture debates, highlighting a need both for visual literacy across geography, and for social and physical scientists to share their visual methodologies. Cultural climatologists, like other scientists, need visual methodologies for both the critical construction and deconstruction of the images they wish to present and with which they are confronted. To illustrate the importance of visual literacy for cultural climatologists this paper introduces a sample of works from three artists: Constable, Monet and Eliasson. It shows how an exploration of their work (via a theory of pictures) could help to provide: firstly a methodology for understanding the cultural symbolism of skies and weather; secondly an assessment of the urban atmosphere in London at the turn of the 20th century and thirdly an example of the effective representation of atmosphere, weather and climate involving public participation and understanding. Lessons learned from deconstructing these works of art will then be used to suggest improvements in the visualisation of weather in the production and consumption of weather forecasts (thus, picturing theory).     

Cultural political economy: On making the cultural turn without falling into soft economic sociology

This article explores the implications of making the cultural turn in the engagement of economic and political geography with issues of political economy. It seeks to steer a path between a fetishistic, reified economics that naturalizes economic categories and a soft economic sociology that focuses on the similarities between economic and other socio-cultural activities at the expense of the specificity of the economic. We show how combining critical semiotic analysis with an evolutionary and institutional approach to political economy offers one interesting way to achieve this goal. An evolutionary and institutional approach to semiosis enables us to recognize the semiotic dimensions of political economy at the same time as establishing how and why only some economic imaginaries among the many that circulate actually come to be selected and institutionalized; and Marxian political economy enables us to identify the contradictions and conflicts that make capital accumulation inherently improbable and crisis-prone, creating the space for economic imaginaries to play a role in stabilizing accumulation in specific spatio-temporal fixes and/or pointing the way forward from recurrent crises. The paper illustrates these arguments with a case study on the Flemish ‘anchoring strategy’ as a specific regional economic development strategy. It concludes with a set of guidelines for the further development of cultural political economy.     

Making a Cultural Landscape: The Case of Dongshan River Basin,Taiwan

Developing a cultural landscape establishes a regional identity, creates value for residents, and has potential to diversify a community’s economic base due to tourism development. Changes in local landscape morphology lead to multidimensional challenges in terms of the environmental consciousness and cultural identity of residents. The study examined residents’ perception of changes in their local landscape regarding its visual form, the meanings they constructed with the landscape, and their functional experience of living and working in it. Findings revealed that in its agricultural era, the visual landscape, meanings, and experience consisted mainly of physical elements connected with residents’ small-scale agricultural and fishery production. In the tourism era, the visual landscape, meanings, and experience were connected to recreational settings and iconic landmarks associated with the tourism industry. Both agricultural and tourism development occurred in ways that complemented each other and built a cultural landscape that connected the past with the present.     

基于战略性新兴产业的长江三角洲城市网络结构演变研究

基于2004~2013年战略性新兴产业上市公司跨区布址数据,运用社会网络分析法对长江三角洲城市群空间结构演变规律进行了分析。研究发现：① 长江三角洲城市网络的主要联系流由 “Z”字形空间结构演变为“金字塔”形结构。② 高行政级别城市在网络要素资源配置中占据主导地位,省会城市的中介能力呈现“倒U”型发展趋势。③ 沪杭宁甬苏合6城市构成了长三角城市网络的核心层,核心-边缘层联系成为占据主导地位的联系方式;城市网络凝聚子群具有明显的地理粘着性,沪宁和杭州凝聚子群分别是群内联系和群际联系的标杆。