云县邦东—景谷民乐地区火山岩型铜矿找矿前景

本区位于滇西特提斯沟—弧—盆构造体系的主火山弧地体中,处于澜沧江褶断束东凸弧形转折处,上三叠统小定西组钙碱性火山碎屑岩、次火山岩含矿,火山机构控制矿体的产出形态,后期构造、侵入体使矿体叠加、富积,矿化类型为火山—次火山岩热液改造矿床;地、物、化、遥等成矿地质条件有利,具有很好的找矿前景。     

香格里拉红牛铜多金属矿成矿模式及深部找矿

红牛矿属印支晚期义敦岛弧带南段、中甸弧主弧期远程熔体(岩浆)—溶液改造型矽卡岩矿床,赋存于上三叠统曲嘎寺组第二段地层中。除典型矽卡岩铜矿床特征外,出现成矿温度较高的辉钼矿,推测矿区深部应发育含矿性较好的中酸性侵入体,具有寻找大—超大型矽卡岩—斑岩复合型铜钼多金属矿床的找矿前景。     

学习实践“改造成矿作用”理论——以滇中砂岩铜矿为例兼论改造作用的上、下限问题

"改造成矿作用"是涂光炽院士提出的新理论。这一理论有如下基本论点和鲜明特色:矿质来源的广泛性;成矿流体的特殊性;成矿元素的活泼性;改造作用的内生性;断裂构造的主导性;赋矿岩石的多样性;改造矿床的普遍性;成矿作用的独特性与应有地位——矿床分类的四分法。滇中大姚-牟定式砂岩铜矿是典型的沉积-成岩-后生-改造成因。其主要论据与以下要素有关:裂谷成矿背景;矿源层(K、J)、矿源岩(元谋古陆);矿体受地层层位、岩相、岩性控制,其生成与煤系(提供有机质)、盐层(提供卤素)密切相关;矿体形态产状、矿石结构构造、成矿流体性状与水的来源、有机质类型及其作用在不同成矿期、成矿阶段显著不同。从岩石学的名词概念来解读和划分"改造成矿作用"的上限与下限:上限确定在后生作用之后,下限在变生作用之末。     

基于三维数值计算理论的塌岸预测研究——以雅泸高速公路K92+332～765段为例

在地质条件复杂的岸段,只采用经验性方法进行塌岸预测是不能满足要求的,本文在分析冰水堆积物特性的基础上,通过三维数值计算方法研究了雅泸高速公路K92+332～765段,该段路基边坡在水库蓄水后的稳定性,直观的揭示出该段路基边坡在库水浸泡后的变形情况,得出蓄水后岸坡岩土体可能产生失稳破坏的范围主要是松散层、稍密层和中密层。     

鄂西地区牛蹄塘组钼钒矿地质特征及找矿远景探讨

寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系广泛分布于鄂西地区,层内现已发现众多的钼钒矿床(点),其形成条件具有热水沉积与正常海相沉积双重特征,成矿系统总体上处在海侵体系域陆棚盆地还原沉积环境,期间由区域性断裂构造的热水喷流提供多种金属元素来源,经炭质、粘土矿物吸附作用沉积成矿,其中Ni、Mo与喷流作用最为密切,钒与生物化学作用密切,具有较好的找矿远景。     

内蒙古大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统及其找矿意义

大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统表现为:古元古代大陆裂陷槽构造环境为金矿成矿提供背景条件(物质场、能量场、空间场),该环境下沉积的二道凹群中部的红山沟组下部复理石建造为金矿成矿提供物质条件,该建造在造山早期由拉伸机制形成的顺层滑脱剪切带控制成矿带,剪切带内的同期次级褶皱构造(尤其是向斜、向形构造)为金矿成矿提供容矿空间;提出了层位(复理石建造)、顺层滑脱剪切带及相关次级褶皱构造三者叠加控矿的金矿控矿型式。     

安徽铜陵马山层控金铜硫矿床成因

安徽铜陵马山金铜硫矿床产于中石炭统黄龙组白云岩与灰岩地层之间,主矿体呈层状。矿石结构构造、成矿元素地层学分带、硫化物矿物微量元素地球化学和硫、铅同位素等特征表明,该矿床是中石炭世海底喷流沉积的块状硫化物矿床,成矿后在燕山期又受到了石英闪长岩体的改造和叠加。在长江中、下游断裂拗陷带中有许多硫化物矿床在成因上与马山相似。研究表明,在晚古生代,有一片洋壳拖着扬子板块往北向华北板块俯冲,故这类矿床形成于扬子古陆北缘的被动大陆边缘环境。     

东辛油田沙三中亚段沉积特征与油藏分布规律

东辛油田沙三中亚段发育大量与三角洲前缘滑塌相伴生的坡移浊积扇、滑塌浊积扇、远源浊积岩以及洪水成因的水下碎屑流,发育岩性油藏及岩性-构造油藏。纵向上,湖退体系域早期准层序组PS7～PS5是最主要的油气富集层位,其次为湖侵体系域PS8;平面上,各准层序组西部油气富集程度好于东部,含油储层主要为滑塌浊积扇及部分远源浊积岩,其次为坡移浊积扇。油气分布主要受宏观沉积相带、构造、微观储集物性和成岩作用等多种因素控制,距油源远近控制油藏纵向有利层位,砂体成因类型控制着平面有利区带。     

Turbidite system architecture and sedimentary processes along topographically complex slopes: the Makran convergent margin

This study investigates the morphology and Late Quaternary sediment distribution of the Makran turbidite system (Makran subduction zone, north‐west Indian Ocean) from a nearly complete subsurface mapping of the Oman basin, two‐dimensional seismic and a large set of coring data in order to characterize turbidite system architecture across an active (fold and thrust belt) margin. The Makran turbidite system is composed of a dense network of canyons, which cut into high relief accreted ridges and intra‐slope piggyback basins, forming at some locations connected and variably tortuous paths down complex slopes. Turbidite activity and trench filling rates are high even during the Holocene sea‐level highstand conditions. In particular, basin‐wide, sheet‐like thick mud turbidites, probably related to major mass wasting events of low recurrence time, drape the flat and unchannellized Oman abyssal plain. Longitudinal depth profiles show that the Makran canyons are highly disrupted by numerous thrust‐related large‐scale knickpoints (with gradients up to 20° and walls up to 500 m high). At the deformation front, the strong break of slope can lead to the formation of canyon‐mouth ‘plunge pools’ of variable shapes and sizes. The plunge pools observed in the western Makran are considerably larger than those previously described in sub‐surface successions; the first insights into their internal architecture and sedimentary processes are presented here. Large plunge pools in the western Makran are associated with large scoured areas at the slope break and enhanced sediment deposition downstream: high‐amplitude reflectors are observed inside the plunge pools, while their flanks are composed of thin‐bedded, fine‐grained turbidites deposited by the uppermost part of the turbidity flows. Thus, these architectural elements are associated with strong sediment segregation leading to specific trench‐fill mechanisms, as only the finer‐grained component of the flows is transferred to the abyssal plain. However, the Makran accretionary prism is characterized by strong along‐strike variability in tectonics and fluvial input distribution that might directly influence the turbidite system architecture (i.e. canyon entrenchment, plunge pool formation or channel development at canyon mouths), the sedimentary dynamics and the resulting sediment distribution. Channel formation in the abyssal plain and trench‐fill characteristics depend on the theoretical ‘equilibrium’ conditions of the feeder system, which is related closely to the balance between erosion rates and tectonic regime. Thus, the Makran turbidite system constitutes an excellent modern analogue for deep‐water sedimentary systems with structurally complex depocentres, in convergent margin settings.     

Propagation of the Storegga tsunami into ice‐free lakes along the southern shores of the Barents Sea

Deposits in coastal lakes in northernmost Norway reveal that the Storegga tsunami propagated well into the Barents Sea ca. 8100–8200 years ago. A tsunami deposit – found in cores from five coastal lakes located near the North Cape in Finnmark – rests on an erosional unconformity and consists of graded sand layers and re‐deposited organic remains. Rip‐up clasts of lake mud, peat and soil suggest strong erosion of the lake floor and neighbouring land. Inundation reached at least 500 m inland and minimum vertical run‐up has been reconstructed to 3–4 m. In this part of the Arctic coastal lakes are usually covered by >1 m of solid lake ice in winter. The significant erosion and deposition of rip‐up clasts indicate that the lakes were ice free and that the ground was probably not frozen. We suggest that the Storegga slide and ensuing tsunami happened sometime in the summer season, between April and October. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.