基于PMIP2气候模式模拟的中全新世北大西洋涛动

根据PMIP2中的4个海气耦合模式对中全新世气候的模拟结果,利用现代和中全新世两个时间段的冬季海平面气压场(SLP),分析了北大西洋海平面气压的变化情况并计算了这两个时间段的北大西洋涛动(NAO)指数。结果表明,中全新世亚速尔高压加强,冰岛低压加深,南北气压差增加,NAO强度显著增强。对中全新世北大西洋地区SLP进行经验正交函数(EOF)分析显示,4个模式均能捕捉到了NAO的主要结构。中全新世NAO处于正位相的时间较现代提高了10%~30%,其中MIROC3.2提高了29.3%;虽然NAO指数振幅变化不大,但还是能显示中全新世NAO显著强于现代,这与地质资料恢复的结果相一致。对NAO指数的多窗谱分析显示,现代NAO指数存在3~5 a的准周期变化,中全新世NAO指数存在3 a的准周期变化。NAO对中全新世亚洲地区冬季增温有重要影响。北大西洋地区中纬度海面温度(SST)的增温可能是导致中全新世NAO强度增强的一个重要因素。     

重金属Cu、Pb在泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)卵巢的蓄积特性及其对卵细胞发育的影响

采用静水法生物测试手段,研究了不同浓度梯度Cu、Pb(各0.00、0.10、0.25、0.50mg/L)随时间变化在泥鳅卵巢中的蓄积特性以及对卵细胞发育的影响。结果表明,泥鳅卵巢对Cu、Pb有较强的蓄积能力,在暴露期间20天内,蓄积量与时间呈线性关系,之后呈对数关系。其中,Cu的蓄积显著大于Pb(P0.01);卵巢中重金属的蓄积与水溶液中Cu、Pb的浓度梯度相关(P0.01),具有明显的时间效应和剂量效应。泥鳅卵巢中卵细胞的发育水平,亦与溶液重金属浓度的高低、暴露时间长短有关;在不同浓度重金属溶液中较长时间的暴露,将对卵巢及卵细胞的发育产生不可逆转的负效应。     

能效渔业状态下津市西湖生态因子与浮游植物密度的灰关联模型{GM(I,N)}

利用灰色系统理论,于2004—2008年5—8月份对能效渔业状态下津市西湖水质状况进行了实时采样研究,并计算了浮游植物密度与透明度、水温、水深、溶解氧、pH、NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P、TP、TN、NH4-N/PO4-P、TN/TP和浮游动物共14个生态因子的关联度、关联序。结果表明,透明度、水温、水深、溶解氧、pH和浮游动物(毛里湖)或TN(西湖)是影响浮游植物增殖态势的最重要的环境变量。提取如上变量和浮游植物密度作为建模要素,构建了津市西湖生态因子与浮游植物密度的灰关联模型{GM(I,N)},经作图分析表明,模型值和实测值具有较好的对应峰,表明模型的有效性及在预测上有较高的参考价值。P元素在西湖的营养限制性基本得到消除,水体N/P比被调控到了较好状态。     

Local and landscape effects on spatial patterns of mangrove forest during wetter and drier periods: Moreton Bay,Southeast Queensland,Australia

Land use/cover and mangrove spatial changes were assessed for ten sites and their sub-catchments in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Two time periods were involved: 1972–1990, a period of relatively high rainfall, and 1990–2004, which was significantly drier. Aerial photographs and Landsat satellite imagery were used to map the inter-tidal wetlands and classify the land use/cover in the sub-catchments. A Maximum Likelihood Classification was used to map three types of land cover: agriculture, built-up and plantation forest. Mangroves (mainly Avicennia marina) were the focus as they have been recorded over recent decades encroaching into salt marsh. The Mangrove-Salt marsh Interface (MSI) Index was developed to quantify the relative opportunity for mangroves to expand into salt marshes, based on the shared boundary between them. The index showed a consistent relationship with mangrove expansion and change. To address problems of high dimensionality and multi-collinearity of predictor variables, a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was used. A key finding of this research was that the contribution of environmental variables to spatial changes in the mangroves was altered following a reduction in rainfall. For example, agriculture had more influence on mangrove expansion and change during the wet period than during the dry period.     

基于3S的荣成湾沿岸土地覆被变化及驱动力研究

运用3S技术对最近40年来荣成湾沿岸土地覆被动态变化及驱动力进行研究.结果表明,该区海岸湿地土地覆被总面积和陆域土地覆被总面积变化不大,但其各自类型结构和分布均发生了显著调整,而且二者变化在时间上不同步.从面积上讲,前者以1981年为界,渴湖和沙地先减少后波动增加,滩涂和沼泽地先增加后波动减少;养殖池从无到有并迅速增加...     

人工养殖曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)繁殖生物学特性研究

采用常规生物学方法和统计回归分析,研究了养殖曼氏无针乌贼卵巢成熟系数(GSI)的变化规律和个体生殖力与其主要形态指标之间的相互关系.结果表明,曼氏无针乌贼春苗100日龄时GS/达到最高(12.2%±3.25%),秋苗140日龄时GSI达到最高(13.7%±3.69%).曼氏无针乌贼秋苗的体质量相对生殖力(F<,W>)极...     

Distribution of ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria community in surface sediment off the Changjiang River Estuary in summer

The spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria ( β AOB) was investigated by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) techniques in the sediment off the Changjiang River Estuary.Sediment samples were collected from eight stations in June before the formation of hypoxia zone in 2006.The abundance of β AOB ranged from 1.87 × 10 5 to 3.53 × 10 5 cells/g of sediment.β AOB abundance did not present a negative correlation with salinity,whereas salinity was implicated as the primary factor affecting nitrification rates.The DGGE profiles of PCR-amplified amo A gene fragments revealed that the β AOB community structure of sample S2 separated from other samples at the level of 40% similarity.The variations in composition of β AOB were significantly correlated with the salinity,temperature,absorption ability of sediments and TOC. The statistical analysis indicates that the β AOB abundance was a main factor to influence nitrification rates with an influence ratio of 87.7% at the level of 40% biodiversity similarity.Considering the good correlation between β AOB abundance and nitrification estimates,the abundance and diversity of β AOB community could be expected as an indirect index of nitrification activity at the study sea area in summer.     

1株分离自海水中芘降解菌的鉴定及其降解特性研究

以芘为唯一碳源,对采自于天津港石油污染区的海水和土壤样品进行富集培养,分离到1株芘降解菌,经显微形态观察、生理生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列的比对及系统发育进化的分析,确定该菌株为施氏假单孢菌Pseudomonas stutzeri,并采用室内培养方法,对其进行了芘降解性能的测定及降解途径的分析.结果表明,该菌株在...     

中国卫星海洋观测系统及其传感器(1988—2025)

全面收集1988—2025年中国地球观测卫星(和飞船)计划,包括历史的、运行中的和列入未来计划的。详细介绍风云卫星系列(FY-n)、海洋卫星系列(HY-n)、资源卫星系列(ZY-n)、环境卫星系列(HJ-n)、中国遥感卫星系列(CRS-n)、灾害监测星座/北京小卫星(DMC/BJ-1)、神舟飞船系列(SZ-n)和天宫空间站系列(TG-n)等8个卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列。这些卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列都提供对海洋的观测,从而构成中国卫星海洋观测系统。按装载的传感器分类,进而给出中国的海色、海表温度、海面高度、海面风场和合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星观测系统。对中国海洋观测卫星与国际海洋观测卫星装载的传感器性能作了比较和讨论,指出差距。列出目前在轨运行的中国海洋卫星观测系统38个传感器及其类似的国外卫星传感器。     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)不同月龄性状的主成分与判别分析

采用主成分与判别分析的方法,研究尼罗罗非鱼形态性状的增长规律,并判定其最佳生长季节体格与月龄的关系。选择2—5月龄尼罗罗非鱼各100尾,测量体长、头长、躯干长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高、体宽和体重共8个性状,并对其进行主成分与判别分析。主成分分析结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼各月龄的体型特征参数间均有不同程度的正相关(P<0.05),体重与体长、体高的相关性最显著;不同月龄尼罗罗非鱼性状的主成分有所不同,主成分1:2—5月龄均相同为增重因子;主成分2:2—4月龄均为尾柄因子,而5月龄是躯干因子;主成分3:2月龄是头部因子,3—4月龄是躯干因子,5月龄是尾柄因子。通过建立判别式来判断错过最佳生长季节尼罗罗非鱼的体格与大小相符的月龄,判别结果表明,总的判别准确率为99.25%,其中2—4月龄尼罗罗非鱼的判别准确率为100%。