基于景观格局指数的基本农田保护区集中连片性研究——以济南市历城区为例

耕地与基本农田保护是我国土地管理、土地利用规划的重要内容。新一轮土地利用总体规划修编及数据库建设中要求基本农田调整布局更加集中连片。该文应用景观格局指数,研究了济南市历城区基本农田保护区规划调整中集中连片性的变化。结果表明,除保护区图斑面积标准差外,图斑平均面积、图斑面积变异系数、图斑边界密度、最大斑块指数、平均欧式邻近距离5项指标均表明,规划调整后基本农田保护区布局上更加集中连片。为基本农田保护区布局的集中连片性判断提供了简便易行的方法。     

Theory of stability, and regulation and control of ecological system in oasis

Starting with analysis on the evolving course of oasis and the characteristics and evolution of transitional zone between oasis and desert, in consideration of ecological elements including plant stomata resistance, area covered by vegetation, and physical elements including albedo of vegetation and bare soil, atmosphere temperature, and humidity, under the condition of the balance among net radiation flux, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux, the following are calculated: temperatures of vegetation and bare soil in different conditions, as well as the evapotranspiration rate of ecosystem. Analysis on evapotranspiration rate indicates that it depends on both the climate of environment and the physiological and ecological conditions of plants. On certain conditions, the evapotranspiration rate of transitional zone between oasis and desert (i.e. area covered by vegetation less than 20%), in some parameter domains, appears in bifurcation or multiequilibrium state. Meanwhile, in such area, ecosystem is extremely unstable. Any minor change to the balance will cause either increase or reduction of area covered by vegetation in ecosystem, on the basis of discussion on the emergency of these phenomena. This paper is attempting to propose an effective way of destruction and rebuilt ecosystem in transitional zone. The way is to control the evaporation of plant through selecting anti-drought country plant with big stomata resistance, and modify the roughness of the underlying surface in ecosystem by establishing rational interspace structure of plant community, so as to put the degenerative ecosystem into the natural succession track. This primary theory is being verified through observation and analysis on historical data.     

淮海经济区协调发展度评价研究

基于区域协调发展的判定标准,构建区域协调发展的指标体系,通过线性加权模型和离差系数法分别计算出淮海经济区经济-社会-人口-资源-环境系统的综合发展水平得分和淮海经济区、苏北鲁南豫东皖北四大板块和20个市的协调度,通过对其分析得出以下结论：（1）淮海经济区处于低经济发展阶段的高协调度阶段;（2）市域协调度多处于中级基本协调阶段;（3）协调度呈现东高西低的空间格局。     

绿洲-荒漠生态脆弱带的研究

在分析了绿洲－荒漠生态脆弱带的性质、特点等以后，按照其毗邻绿洲的不同，探讨性地将它分为三类：（1）河岸林绿洲－荒漠脆弱带；（2）冲洪积扇绿洲－荒漠脆弱带；（3）湖沼和湖滨三角洲绿洲－荒漠脆弱带。由于其本身所具有的脆弱性，加上人类活动的强烈干扰，该区出现了以土地荒漠化为主的多种生态环境问题。针对这些问题，作者提出了若干治理建议。     

非水相液体污染场地源区自然消除研究进展

污染场地的健康风险和环境地质危害备受关注, 自然衰减被公认是优选修复技术。对存在非水相液体的场地, 源区非水相液体残余导致的“拖尾和反弹”问题对污染场地自然衰减技术提出了挑战。近年来源区自然消除技术的出现丰富深化了自然衰减修复的内涵, 展现了解决“拖尾和反弹”问题的巨大潜力。本文综述了轻非水相液体(LNAPL)污染场地源区自然消除的研究历程和最新成果, 研究显示: ①2000年至今, 自然衰减修复的相关研究逐渐从地下水污染羽衰减转向包气带源区自然消除; ②包气带自然消除过程被证实是源区自然消除的关键生物过程, 占LNAPL总质量损失的90%~99%;③LNAPL挥发过程中的生物降解是源区自然消除的主要研究对象。在以上研究过程中,建立的源区自然消除研究方法：①可分为LNAPL源区-羽识别、定性判断和定量估算三个部分; ②包气带定量评估常用浓度梯度、二氧化碳通量(动态密闭室和静态捕集)和热力学梯度是量化评估的三类方法。综合已有的研究进展和难点, 可以预见, 在未来研究中, 识别源区LNAPL的成分变化、明确源区自然消除的限速因子,以及开发恰当的气体脱气和气泡逃逸观测方法,是源区自然消除修复方法应用推广需解决的关键科学问题。     

The mechanism and verification analysis of permafrost-associated gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain,Northwest China

Muri Basin in the Qilian Mountain is the only permafrost area in China where gas hydrate samples have been obtained through scientific drilling. Fracture-filling hydrate is the main type of gas hydrate found in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. Most of gas hydrate samples had been found in a thin-layer-like, flake and block group in a fracture of Jurassic mudstone and oil shale, although some pore-filling hydrate was found in porous sandstone. The mechanism for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost is as follows: gas generation from source rock was controlled by tectonic subsidence and uplift--gas migration and accumulation was controlled by fault and tight formation--gas hydrate formation and accumulation was controlled by permafrost. Some control factors for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost were analyzed and validated through numerical analysis and laboratory experiments. CSMGem was used to estimate the gas hydrate stability zone in the Qilian permafrost at a depth of 100–400 m. This method was used to analyze the gas composition of gas hydrate to determine the gas composition before gas hydrate formation. When the overlying formation of gas accumulation zone had a permeability of 0.05 × 10⁻¹⁵ m² and water saturation of more than 0.8, gas from deep source rocks was sealed up to form the gas accumulation zone. Fracture-filling hydrate was formed in the overlap area of gas hydrate stability zone and gas accumulation zone. The experimental results showed that the lithology of reservoir played a key role in controlling the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost.     

马超营断裂带区域地球化学特征

该文探讨了马超营断裂带内各地层的成矿元素丰度特征,阐述了该带内成矿元素的分布特征及分布规律,总结了Ａｕ及有关元素Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ等异常的特征及其分布规律。研究成果表明：马超营断裂带的韧性—韧脆性剪切带是本区Ａｕ及与其相关的Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ等成矿元素异常规模、形态和空间分布的控制因素。     

基于高效生态农业布局导向性的资源环境承载力评价—以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例

该文在对研究区资源环境本底基本了解的基础上,建立了包括耕地资源、水资源、社会经济资源、土壤环境、极端气候发生率和地质环境6个二级指标的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,利用层次分析法确定相关指标权重,分别对6个要素进行承载力评价。在各单元要素评价基础上,结合黄河三角洲高效生态经济区农业发展要求,划分出了沿海湿地生态系统保护带、北部盐渍化土质特色种植区、南部优质粮食生产区和果蔬集中种植区4个生态农业布局适宜区,并提出发展建议。     

广西潮间带海草的移植恢复

在总结作者近年来在广西沿岸开展海草移植恢复的实践经验的基础上,吸取了国外海草恢复的部分经验,从草源地选择、种类配置、恢复地选择与整理、草源采集与定植以及恢复后的监管措施等方面,论述了广西潮间带海草的移植恢复技术,以期为中国其他地区的潮间带海草恢复提供借鉴。在广西,矮大叶藻、喜盐草与贝克喜盐草是最适宜作为海草移植恢复的种类。相对根状茎移植法,草块移植法更适用于广西。草源地与恢复地的距离极大地影响恢复工程的人力物力成本。