Preservation of aeolian genetic units by lava flows in the Lower Cretaceous of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil

The Lower Cretaceous geological record of the intracratonic Paraná Basin in southern Brazil comprises a thick succession of aeolian sandstones and volcanic rocks. The intercalation between aeolian sandstone and volcanic floods allowed the preservation of distinct aeolian genetic units. Each genetic unit represents an accumulation episode, bounded by supersurfaces, that coincides with the base of lava flood events. The entire package can be subdivided into a Lower Genetic Unit, which corresponds to aeolian sandstones preserved below the initial lava flows (Botucatu Formation), and an upper set of genetic units, which comprises interlayered aeolian deposits and lava floods (Serra Geral Formation). The Lower Genetic Unit is up to 100 m thick. Its base is composed of ephemeral stream and aeolian sand sheet deposits that are overlain by cross‐bedded sandstones whose origin is ascribed to simple, locally composite, crescentic and complex linear aeolian dunes. Aeolian accumulation of the lower unit was possible as a result of the existence of a wide topographic basin, which caused wind deceleration, and a large sand availability that promoted a positive net sediment flux. The Upper Genetic Units comprise isolated sand bodies that occur in two different styles: (1) thin lenses (<3 m thick) formed by aeolian sand sheets; and (2) thick sand lenses (3–15 m) comprising cross‐bedded cosets generated by migration and climbing of simple to locally composite crescentic aeolian dunes. Accumulation of the aeolian strata was associated with wind deceleration within depressions on the irregular upper surface of the lava floods. The interruption of sedimentation in the Lower and Upper Genetic Units, and related development of supersurfaces, occurred as a result of widespread effusions of basaltic lava. Preservation of both wind‐rippled topset deposits of the aeolian dunes and pahoehoe lava imprints indicates that lava floods covered active aeolian dunes and, hence, protected the aeolian deposits from erosion, thus preserving the genetic units.     

Mid–Cretaceous Episodic Magmatism and Tin Mineralization in Khingan-Okhotsk Volcano–Plutonic Belt, Far East Russia

Abstract: Age of magmatism and tin mineralization in the Khingan‐Okhotsk volcano–plutonic belt, including the Khingan, Badzhal and Komsomolsk tin fields, were reviewed in terms of tectonic history of the continental margin of East Asia. This belt consists mainly of felsic volcanic rocks and granitoids of the reduced type, being free of remarkable geomagnetic anomaly, in contrast with the northern Sikhote‐Alin volcano–plutonic belt dominated by oxidized‐type rocks and gold mineralization. The northern end of the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt near the Sea of Okhotsk, accompanied by positive geomagnetic anomalies, may have been overprinted by magmatism of the Sikhote‐Alin belt. Tin–associated magmatism in the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt extending over 400 km occurred episodically in a short period (9510 Ma) in the middle Cretaceous time, which is coeval with the accretion of the Kiselevka‐Manoma complex, the youngest accretionary wedge in the eastern margin of the Khingan‐Okhotsk accretionary terranes. The episodic magmatism is in contrast with the Cretaceous‐Paleogene long–lasted magmatism in Sikhote–Alin, indicating the two belts are essentially different arcs, rather than juxtaposed arcs derived from a single arc. The tin‐associated magmatism may have been caused by the subduction of a young and hot back‐arc basin, which is inferred from oceanic plate stratigraphy of the coeval accre‐tionary complex and its heavy mineral assemblage of immature volcanic arc provenance. The subduction of the young basin may have resulted in dominance of the reduced‐type felsic magmas due to incorporation of carbonaceous sediments within the accretionary complex near the trench. Subsequently, the back‐arc basin may have been closed by the oblique collision of the accretionary terranes in Sikhote–Alin, which was subjected to the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene magmatism related to another younger subduction system. These processes could have proceeded under transpressional tectonic regime due to oblique subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plates under Eurasian continent.     

鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查

鄂尔多斯盆地矿产资源丰富，生态环境脆弱，地下水资源分布不均，水质复杂。在研究盆地周边岩溶区岩溶发育规律，地下水富集规律，地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件的基础上，将周边岩溶区划分为9个岩溶水系统，进一步划分为25个岩溶水子系统。白垩系自流盆地初步揭示了深部赋存有丰富的地下水，地下水受岩相古地理、地下水补径排条件等控制，水质差异较大。总结了东部黄土覆盖区的地下水类型及开发利用模式。     

中国西北地区沉积盆地石油地质

中国近代石油工业创始于西北地区诸含油气盆地。近年来,由于国家西部大开发的发展战略,使西北地区的勘探活动又重新活跃起来。在中国西北含油气盆地内,古生界海相沉积和中、新生界陆相沉积都有生成油气的烃源岩。塔里木、准噶尔、柴达木、吐鲁番和酒泉等主要沉积盆地动力学演化史可划分为三个旋回,每一旋回都经历了由伸展到聚敛的完整演化过程。中国西北地区含油气前景看好,随着勘探工作的进展,将会在此区继续发现一些大、中型的油、气田。     

基于扩展关系数据库的遥感影像数据库管理系统的研究与实现

通过对遥感影像数据库管理系统的研究背景、现状和管理模式及存在的主要问题的分析，进行了基于扩展关系数据库的遥感影像数据库管理系统关键技术实验，开发了一个原型系统。实验结果表明，基于大型的扩展关系数据库来管理遥感影像数据是可行的和优越的。     

辽西凌源全身长有羽毛奔龙化石的再研究

对辽西凌源发现的全身长有羽毛的奔龙化石 (NGMC91) (Ji等 ,2 0 0 1)进行了再研究。根据头颅和头后骨骼的特征 ,其应归于中国鸟龙属 (SinornithosaurusXuetal.,1999)。由于研究的材料是一块处于非成年期的标本 ,虽然其有些特征明显与千禧中国鸟龙有别 ,但仍难以确定这些差异是否受个体发育的影响。因此 ,文中仍将其作为未定种 ,置于中国鸟龙属中。此外 ,文章还简要讨论了羽毛的发生和早期演化 ,认为羽毛出现的初始功能就是为了保持体温 ,与后期的飞行功能无关     

安徽合肥盆地东北部白垩纪层序地层学分析

运用层序地层学理论和工作方法 ,对合肥盆地东北部白垩纪陆相地层各类沉积建造的沉积环境、沉积相和陆相沉积体系域进行了分析 ,根据红层盆地的沉积物充填序列、基本层序 ,将白垩纪断 (坳 )陷盆地充填沉积序列中划分为 4个层序 ,在层序地层学分析基础上 ,并根据岩石地层单元和沉积体系在时空上的展布特征 ,初步建立了红盆地层格架。     

南京汤山“白垩纪古溶洞岩层”的年代和成因新认识

一些研究者将南京汤山葫芦洞的形成时代上溯到了白垩纪 ,认为洞内所见的红色、黄色岩层可与宁镇地区白垩纪的地层单元 ,如赤山组、葛村组或浦口组对比 ,是与赤山组同期异相的洞穴沉积物。通过对这套岩层在洞内外的产出状况、与围岩接触关系的进一步观察 ,并结合岩石学微相、重矿物、硼当量以及碳同位素的分析结果 ,它们的时代应是奥陶纪 ,由于受燕山期的构造和岩浆活动的影响 ,因而与汤山一带常见的奥陶纪地层在产状和岩性上有所差别 ,蚀变的程度也有所不同 ,局部较深的蚀变作用使原岩铁化或硅化     

辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗—白垩系磁性地层研究

本文通过对辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗-白垩系蓝旗组、土城子组、义县组地层共1252块古地磁样吕的测试与分析，建立了以上沉积地层的磁极性序列，发现蓝旗组、土城子组地层的磁极性序列具有频繁的正、反极性、而义县组则为单一正极性，结合现有古生物和同位素年龄资料，对比国际中生代地磁极性年表，表明土城子组的磁极性序列相当于提塘期、基末里期、牛津期和卡洛期，其主体的地质时代应属晚侏罗世（J3），土城子组底部的地质时代应属中侏罗世（J2)；并且根据义县组含鸟化石层以上层位的磁性地层研究结果，认为义县组含鸟化石的正极性带可与M16正极性时相对应，义县组含鸟类化石层的时代应属早白垩世早期，辽西白垩系/侏罗系界线很有可能位于义县组/土城子组之间。     

The role of extensional tectonics at different crustal levels on granite ascent and emplacement: an example from Tuscany (Italy)

The role of regional extension on the rise and emplacement of granites in the crust is still debated. Pluton ascent and emplacement widely occurred in Tuscany (Italy) since late Miocene during the post-orogenic collapse of the inner Apennines, and are presently occurring in the geothermal areas of Amiata and Larderello. Tuscany offers a preferred test site to study the role of regional extension on pluton ascent and emplacement at different crustal levels. Ductile extension enhanced the segregation and ascent of granitic melts in the lower crust, controlling pluton emplacement in correspondence with the brittle–ductile transition. In the brittle crust, magma ascent occurred through subvertical faults and fractures compatible with the regional extension direction; pluton emplacement mainly occurred by means of roof lifting. The case of Tuscany suggests that the extensional structures enhance melt segregation and ascent in the ductile crust, but are not efficient alone to provide a pathway for the ascent of granitic magmas in the brittle-extending crust. The estimated magmatic strain rates due to pluton emplacement in the geothermal areas are much larger than the regional tectonic strain rates. This suggests that regional tectonics did not control magma emplacement in the brittle crust and explains why nontectonic processes (roof lifting) accommodated the space required for pluton emplacement.