武夷山中段司前花岗岩体形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

本文对武夷山中段的司前岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果表明,司前岩体形成于(140±1)Ma,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=6.67 wt%~8.25 wt%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.16~2.41),A/CNK值介于1.01~1.25之间。岩体具有较高的∑REE(177.73×10~(-6)~427.88×10~(-6))、Zr+Nb+Y+Ce含量(262.6×10~(-6)~581.5×10~(-6))和Zr饱和温度(平均824°C),FeOt/MgO(3.06~3.93)和10 000×Ga/Al(2.64~3.28)比值均较高,属典型的铝质-过铝质A型花岗岩。岩体的锆石εHf(t)值均为负值(–18.6~–7.9),暗示其源于古老的地壳物质重熔。综合上述结果和区域背景推测,司前岩体的源岩为新元古代麻源群变质火山-碎屑岩,源岩可能经历早古生代和白垩纪两期熔融事件,地幔岩浆为花岗岩的形成提供了热源,但并未贡献物质,岩体的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲过程中因俯冲板片后撤诱发的弧后扩张作用有关。     

Cretaceous and Tertiary terrane accretion in the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes of Ecuador

New field, geochronological, geochemical and biostratigraphical data indicate that the central and northern parts of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes of Ecuador comprise two terranes. The older (Pallatanga) terrane consists of an early to late (?) Cretaceous oceanic plateau suite, late Cretaceous marine turbidites derived from an unknown basaltic to andesitic volcanic source, and a tectonic mélange of probable late Cretaceous age. The younger (Macuchi) terrane consists of a volcanosedimentary island arc sequence, derived from a basaltic to andesitic source. A previously unidentified, regionally important dextral shear zone named the Chimbo-Toachi shear zone separates the two terranes. Regional evidence suggests that the Pallatanga terrane was accreted to the continental margin (the already accreted Cordillera Real) in Campanian times, producing a tectonic mélange in the suture zone. The Macuchi terrane was accreted to the Pallatanga terrane along the Chimbo-Toachi shear zone during the late Eocene, probably in a dextral shear regime. The correlation of Cretaceous rocks and accretionary events in the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador and Colombia remains problematical, but the late Eocene event is recognised along the northern Andean margin.     

Hydrocarbon source rock potential in the southwestern Gulf of Suez graben: Insights from organic geochemistry and palynofacies studies on well samples from the Ras El Bahar Oilfield

Palynological and biomarker characteristics of organic facies recovered from Cretaceous–Miocene well samples in the Ras El Bahar Oilfield, southwest Gulf of Suez, and their correlation with lithologies, environments of deposition and thermal maturity have provided a sound basis for determining their source potential for hydrocarbons. In addition to palynofacies analysis, TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen concentrates, bitumen extraction, carbon isotopes and saturated and aromatic biomarkers enable qualitative and quantitative assessments of sedimentary organic matter to be made. The results obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and molecular biomarker data indicate that most of the samples come from horizons that have fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential in the study area. The Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene-Lower Eocene samples contain mostly Type-II to Type-III organic matter with the capability of generating oil and gas. The sediments concerned accumulated in dysoxic–anoxic marine environments. By contrast, the Miocene rocks yielded mainly Type-III and Type-II/III organic matter with mainly gas-generating potential. These rocks reflect deposition in a marine environment into which there was significant terrigenous input. Three palynofacies types have been recognized. The first (A) consists of Type-III gas-prone kerogen and is typical of the Early–Middle Miocene Belayim, Kareem and upper Rudeis formations. The second (B) has mixed oil and gas features and characterizes the remainder of the Rudeis Formation. The third association (C) is dominated by amorphous organic matter, classified as borderline Type-II oil-prone kerogen, and is typical of the Matulla (Turonian–Santonian) and Wata (Turonian) formations. Rock-Eval T_max, PI, hopane and sterane biomarkers consistently indicate an immature to early mature stage of thermal maturity for the whole of the studied succession.     

基于PDA形变台站电子手簿系统的设计与开发

由于PDA掌上电脑具有携带轻便、电池持久耐用,操作简单等特点,利于建立形变台站野外观测基本操作平台.按照有关规范及标准的要求,采用PDA硬件平台,在windowsCE软件支持下,利用Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic编程环境,通过wince sdk工具模块,实现基于PDA的形变台站电子手簿系统（CaisBook PDA1.0）.采用电子数据防伪技术,建立了完善形变台站水准电子记簿软件,可代替手工记录.     

塞内加尔盆地北部次盆白垩系被动大陆边缘深海扇演化特征及主控因素

被动大陆边缘深海扇是当今海洋深水油气勘探的热点.识别深海扇,明确其时空演变特征,总结关键地质因素对其发育的控制作用,对于建立深海扇成因与预测地质模型具有重要意义.本文通过地震与钻井资料综合解释,分析塞内加尔盆地北部次盆白垩纪被动大陆边缘时期的构造-沉积演化特征,识别深海扇体,并分析其岩性、形态与规模的演变特征;然后分析...     

浙江新昌早白垩世木化石新材料及内含真菌菌丝化石

浙江新昌下白垩统馆头组是我国南方地区为数不多的白垩纪木化石产出层位。本文报道了新昌地区馆头组木化石新材料及其内含真菌菌丝化石。木化石具明显生长轮,管胞径壁纹孔南洋杉式(多数单列、椭圆形、紧挤排列,偶见双列互生排列);交叉场纹孔南洋杉式;木射线单列式,多数2~11个细胞高。当前木化石新材料具有与现生南洋杉科植物相类似的木材解剖特征,显示其应归入贝壳杉型木属(Agathoxylon Hartig)。鉴于该类型木化石的分类现状仍有待厘清,将其定为Agathoxylonsp.。木化石内含真菌菌丝化石,管状,具横隔,平直或弯曲,常以不同角度分叉,菌丝壁光滑,具典型的锁状联合,属于担子菌类。当前木化石木材组织具有明显的木材腐朽特征,与现代真菌造成的木材白腐一致,推断此真菌化石为木材白腐菌。新昌地区贝壳杉型木属木化石新材料的发现进一步丰富了馆头组木化石的多样性,有助于增进对南方地区早白垩世植物群组成特征的认识。当前真菌菌丝化石是我国南方地区首次发现白垩纪担子菌化石,为探究白垩纪时期森林生态系统真菌与植物的相互作用提供了新的化石证据。     

扬子陆块西缘安益南华纪火山岩的厘定及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘安益大湾山地区出露一套由变质玄武岩等组成的变质基性火山岩,前人将其归为中元古界,并作为寻找磁铁矿的主要对象。调查发现,安益大湾山变质基性火山岩与下伏浅变质岩系间发育一套稳定沉积的砾岩。应用LA-ICP-MS技术对其底砾岩之上最底部的变质玄武岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得了781.3±1.9Ma的岩浆锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值和1008±14Ma、1142±15Ma、2714±10Ma的继承性岩浆锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄,指示该套变质基性火山岩形成于南华纪,并将其从浅变质岩系中解离出来,对比为澄江组。继承性锆石年龄数据指示,扬子地块西缘安益地区存在新太古界和中元古界物质记录。结合前人研究成果和近来获得的年龄数据,将滇中澄江组的时代界定于820～740Ma,并将南华系的底界界定于820Ma。大湾山中-大型磁铁矿产于扬子地块西缘澄江组的变质基性火山岩中,其主成矿期为南华纪,可能属于热液氧化物-铜-金矿床。     

平凉安国镇六盘山群介形类

平凉安国镇六盘山群的介形类化石采自和尚堡组、李洼峡组与马东山组，计１０属２２种（含６新种、１新亚种、３未定种）。自下而上可分为：Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ（Ｕｌｗｅｌｌｉａ）－Ｄａｍｏｎｅｌｌａ组合，时代属中上凡兰吟期；Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ（Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ）－Ｚｉｚｉｐｈｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ组合，时代属豪特里维一巴列姆期及Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ－Ｌｉｕｐａｎｓｈａｎｉａ组合，时代属阿普第期。     

冀西北早白垩世岩浆岩的地球化学特征及其地球动力学背景

冀西北张家口地区晚中生代发生了大规模的中酸性岩浆活动,通过精确的锆石 U-Pb 年代学研究,获得东坪金矿东侧北栅子碱性花岗岩的侵位年龄为(130.5±1.5) Ma,其周围出露的张家口组粗面质火山岩的喷发年龄为(127.8±3.9) Ma,为早白垩世同期岩浆作用的产物.这些岩浆岩总体属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列,富碱,低 Mg#(30~43);微量元素组成上具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集(ΣLREE/ΣHREE =14.1~23.0,(La/Yb)N =20.8~42.2), Eu 弱负异常(δEu =0.62~0.97),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti和 P)不同程度亏损的地球化学特征,显示出同源岩浆演化的趋势.火山岩和花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i 平均值分别为0.7075和0.7078,全岩εNd(t)和锆石εHf(t)值差别明显,火山岩εNd(t)=–15.9~–13.6,εHf(t)=–18.7~–13.5,而花岗岩εNd(t)及εHf(t)则显著低于火山岩,分别为–16.8~–15.9和–24.7~–18.4.地球化学以及同位素特征表明它们是经历过强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳与中生代底侵形成的玄武质下地壳部分熔融的产物,花岗岩岩浆主要源于经历过强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳部分熔融,而张家口组粗面质火山岩的源区可能含有相对较多的年轻地幔物质,两者可能存在源区混合作用.北栅子碱性长石花岗岩和大面积张家口组火山岩的喷发,反映了该地区在早白垩世构造体制从挤压-伸展的转折,这种构造体制转变可能与早白垩世燕山构造带开始垮塌以及岩石圈强烈伸展减薄有关     

准噶尔盆地车莫古隆起内物源沉积体系探讨及勘探意义——以白垩系清水河组一段为例

为了探讨车莫古隆起对内物源沉积体系及油气成藏的控制作用,从车莫古隆起形成与演化入手,利用岩心、地震、测井等资料,多种方法结合恢复其剥蚀量、古地貌,提出车莫古隆起从中侏罗世到早白垩世发育,侏罗世末是其鼎盛时期,并提供内物源,控制围绕车莫古隆起周缘沉积体系和砂体展布,从岩心、地震特征、重矿物稳定系数、古水流指向、砂岩厚度等方面给出存在依据,合理解释了古隆起控制范围内已发现油藏的砂体成因。车莫古隆起发育和潜伏埋藏期控制古油气藏的形成与分布,掀斜后内物源砂体展布、断裂体系和现今构造共同控制着油气调整、运移及次生油气藏的分布,围绕车莫古隆起发育的内物源砂体尖灭方向与现今构造高部位指向垂直和斜交区域是岩性地层油气藏有利区。围绕内物源勘探刚开始,在此认识指导下部署的沙门1、莫17、夏盐11、夏盐12等井已获得突破,腹部岩性地层油气藏勘探将进入一个油气发现新阶段。