Climatic regimes and the recruitment rate of anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, off Peru

The recruitment rate of Peruvian anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, was studied to test the hypothesis that long-term environmental variation (regime shifts) had a significant impact on density-dependent processes governing the anchovy recruitment during the period 1963–2004. On the basis of previous defined regimes and turning points for the Humboldt Current System, we identified two groups of years for increased recruitment of anchoveta (1963–1971 and 1986–2004), and one unfavorable period (1972–1985). A common intercept and significantly different slopes were found when the recruitment rate was plotted as a function of the spawning stock biomass during those groups of years, suggesting that density-dependent effects on recruitment were affected during different climate regimes. The favorable (unfavorable) regime was characterized by higher (lower) zooplankton volumes, and with a higher frequency of colder (warmer) waters. Dome-shaped relationships between recruitment rate, spawning stock biomass and SST, were detected with a Generalized Additive Model for the favorable regime. Thus, recruitment could be explained by non-linear effects of environmental variables. Ultimately, climatic regimes are affecting the density-dependent effects on recruitment of anchoveta and the mechanisms involved may be associated with changes in the carrying capacity of the spawning habitat of anchoveta off Peru, which in turn are related with the effects of cold and warm regimes.     

陇东黄土高原下垫面不均匀性指标的建立及其对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)观测感热通量的影响

目前定量研究下垫面不均匀性对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)、涡动相关仪(ECS)观测感热通量差异的影响还比较少.本文利用黄土高原庆阳观测站2012年6、7月典型晴天两主风向范围E-SE和SW-W的陆面过程数据,在建立了下垫面不均匀性定量化指标的基础上,分析了下垫面不均匀性与地表温度变率的关系及其对LAS、ECS观测感热通量差异的影响.结果表明:庆阳站下垫面不均匀性大小η和地表温度变率г具有很好的相关性,相关系数达到0.566以上,证明了新建立指标的合理性.下垫面不均匀性大小η和LAS、ECS观测的感热通量差异HLAS-HECS具有很好的一致性,相关系数达到0.634.下垫面不均匀性对LAS和ECS的感热通量差异影响显著,下垫面越不均匀LAS和ECS测量的感热通量差异越大.对两主风向分别进行分析,在E-SE风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.430,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.279,在SW-W风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.680,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.297.下垫面不均匀性的影响程度越大,LAS和ECS观测的感热通量差异越大.     

伊拉克A油田白垩系孔隙型生屑灰岩高渗透层成因及分布特征

伊拉克A油田白垩系孔隙型碳酸盐岩高渗透储层具有分布普遍、类型复杂、成因多样等特征。岩石类型主要为泥晶生屑砂屑灰岩、亮晶生屑砂屑灰岩及泥晶生屑灰岩;生物扰动加剧了碳酸盐岩储层非均质性,导致高渗透储层在全油田广泛分布。通过岩心观察、常规薄片和铸体薄片的观察和测量,孔隙度、渗透率和毛管压力的测定,综合区域地质研究成果,发现高渗层的形成受层序演化、次级相对海平面变化、沉积环境、硬底形成、生物扰动及(准)同生期暴露淋滤等复杂多因素共同控制。高渗透储层形成模式表现为Khasib组沉积时期为晚高位域期,在Kh2-1-2L段上部沉积过程中,发生首次次级相对海平面下降,形成沉积间断。沉积间断期间硬底和区域规模性的生物扰动同时发育,在Kh2-1-2L段硬底尚未被胶结的相对疏松的基质中掘穴,形成厚几十厘米、迂曲状互相贯通的生物扰动通道。沉积间断结束后,在晚期高位域层序背景下,次级相对海平面上升,松散生屑砂屑充填扰动通道。由于沉积物堆积速率较快,限制了胶结作用的发生,使扰动通道内充填物能够发育连通性好的粒间孔,而后次级相对海平面再次下降,发生(准)同生期暴露淋滤。由于扰动部位连通性好,成为溶蚀流体优势通道,导致沿扰动部位发育溶孔及扩溶缝,形成了“粒间孔+溶孔+溶缝”高渗透网络。A油田高渗透储层物性表现出发育强烈生物扰动的部位具有明显高渗特征,其孔喉较粗,排驱压力低,孔喉配位数高、连通性好。高渗层全区稳定发育,由西至东厚度逐渐增大,高渗层的分布对油田单井产量、含水上升和油田采出程度影响较大。     

Biofacies of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments of central West Siberia

Paleontological study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments recovered by boreholes in the Agan-Vakh and Nadym-Vengapur interfluves clarified environments of their deposition. As is shown, influx of siliciclastic material to central areas of the West Siberian sea basin varied through time. Taxonomic composition and ecological structure of nektonic and benthic fossil assemblages are analyzed and considered in terms of environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, aeration, temperature, and salinity of seawater.     

Berriasian (Lower Cretaceous) brachiopods from the Crimea

Four successive assemblages of Berriasian brachiopods distinguished for the first time in the Crimea are correlated with concurrent subdivisions of the ammonoid scale. Berriasian brachiopods are represented by 44 species of 27 genera and 14 families, which are most complete in terms of taxonomic composition as compared to other concurrent brachiopod faunas known elsewhere. The assemblages are dominated by local species. As is proved, the Berriasian brachiopods studied are appropriate for age determination, subdivision and correlation of their host deposits. Their geographic distribution that has been analyzed elucidates connections of the Berriasian sea basins within the Mediterranean paleozoogeographic region.     

湘黔桂交界区富禄组与富禄间冰期的再划分

在中国南华系层型剖面优选区之一——湘黔桂交界区,富禄间冰期可再分为3个相对较暖热的气候阶段(间冰段)和2个相对寒冷的气候阶段(冰段),即(自老而新)：三江间冰段、龙家冰段、烂阳间冰段、两界河冰段、大塘坡间冰段。相应地,富禄间冰期沉积地层——富禄组可分5个段,即：三江段、龙家段、烂阳段、两界河段、大塘坡段。另外,对古城组和铁丝坳组层型的湖北长阳古城剖面、贵州松桃大塘坡剖面和相关资料的再研究揭示,“古城组”和“铁丝坳组”都是富禄间冰期晚冰段(即两界河冰段)的沉积,均不宜替代长安组作为南华纪早冰期沉积的代表。     

Reservoir potential of Late Cretaceous terrestrial to shallow marine sandstones,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand

Late Cretaceous coals and coaly source rocks are the main source of hydrocarbons in the Taranaki Basin, yet to date there have not been any hydrocarbon discoveries within Cretaceous strata, and sandstone distribution and reservoir quality for this interval have been poorly understood. The Late Cretaceous sediments were deposited in several sub-basins across Taranaki, with their distribution largely determined by sediment supply, subsidence, and sea level change. In this study, we describe potential reservoir facies in well penetrations of Cretaceous strata in Taranaki, as well as from outcrop in northwest Nelson, on the southern edge of the basin.     

乌干达Albert湖凹陷陡坡带成藏模式

乌干达Albert湖凹陷是世界上最年轻的生烃凹陷,至今仍处于断陷伸展阶段,特殊的地质背景使其具有独特油气富集特征。为了预测Albert湖西部陡坡带的勘探潜力,利用地震、钻井等资料开展了凹陷构造特征研究,系统分析了陡坡带石油地质条件和成藏模式。研究表明,板式陡坡带油气侧向运移,成藏条件优越;台阶式陡坡带以垂向运移为主,侧向运移为辅,成藏条件一般。运移和保存是Albert湖陡坡带油气富集的主控因素,西部陡坡带一台阶是有利勘探区带,资源潜力较大。此研究对非洲陆内裂谷油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。     

A Novel Approach of Using Selected Unconventional Geodesic Methods of Estimation on VTS Areas

Abstract

The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s position is always accompanied by a degree of error, but the degree of error depends on the specific position fixing system used. In order to increase the accuracy of position fixing in VTS systems, the authors propose the use of contemporary geodetic methods. The article presents the theoretical fundamentals of two unconventional geodesic methods of estimation: M estimation and M_split(q)estimation and the authors’ own proposal of their application in VTS systems. The article concludes with a test verifying theoretical assumptions, performed with the use of a computer application allowing position fixing with the use of selected robust adjustment methods. Furthermore, an example is presented of M_split(q)estimation as used for the acquisition of low-signal radar echoes, which in VTS systems are not automatically identified for tracking. The level of the echo signal makes it difficult for a VTS controller to separate these objects from typical radar noise and interference.     

论江苏东海早白垩世地层

主要论述了江苏东海南古寨村一带产恐龙足印化石地层的岩石地层归属和地质时代,认为这套地层应归于大盛群,而不宜归于青山群或孟疃组,时代为早白垩世晚期。江苏东海南古寨村一带大量恐龙足印化石的发现不仅填补了江苏不产恐龙化石的空白,而且也为该县增添了新的旅游资源。