Palaeotemperatures and Diagenetic Phases of the Upper Triassic Oil-bearing Sandstones in the Eastern Part of the Ordos Basin

The maximum palaeotemperature of oil-bearing sandstones in the UpperTriassic in the eastern Ordos basin has been determined by using many methods including thevitrinite reflectance, fluid inclusion, apatite fission track, illite crystallinity, chlorite polytypeand diagenetic change of authigenic minerals. The thermal gradient in the Late Mesozoic wasabout 2.9-3.0℃/100m. The Upper Triassic was in a mature stage of organic matter andhydrocarbon began to be generated and migrated during this period. The palaeotemperatures ofoil-bearing sandstones were in the range of 88-110℃; those for the generation and migrationof oil ranged from 112 to 122℃. The thickness of the denuded strata overlying the UpperTriassic was 2465-2750m. The present burial depth of oil-bearing sandstones is generally from400 to 1200m. At a depth of ca. 1900m, the temperature may reach 140℃. Below this depth,organic matter was supermature and mainly generated gas.     

龙岗火山群四海火山渣层—来自金龙顶子火山亚普林尼式火山爆发

龙岗火山群四海玄武质火山渣层为金龙顶子火山爆发形成，而非多个火山共同喷发的结果。火灾山渣组成金龙顶子火山渣锥及以东相伴随的火山碎屑席，反映火山爆发时强劲单向西风的吹指。火山碎屑席中火山渣层厚度，火山渣粒度参数远离火山渣锥呈规律性变化。     

构造地层学及构造岩片填图法在大陆造山带的应用

本文着重分析了依据地层垂直叠覆和侧向连续延伸原理和法则所建立的地层学工作方法，应用于大陆造山带所遇到的普遍性问题和困难。提出将大陆造山带的地层体划分为斯密斯型、有限斯密型和非斯密型三种基本类型，并重点论述了有关构造岩石地层、混杂堆积岩、变质杂岩等的划分与命名方案，提出了造山带地层学研究的工作准则和构造岩片填图法在１：５万区调中的具体应用与实施要点。     

Mega-scale glacial lineations and cross-cutting ice-flow landforms

Landsat images reveal a previously unsuspected large-scale pattern of streamlining within drift that is assumed to reflect former phases of ice flow. Such a glacial grain can be regarded as a landform assemblage comprised of a number of components. Drumlins and megaflutes form part of the pattern, but in addition there are two previously undocumented ice-moulded landform elements: streamlined lineations of much greater proportions, referred to as mega-scale glacial lineations, and a distinctive cross-cutting topology within the grain. The ice-moulded landform assemblage is described and illustrated with reference to examples from Canada. Possible modes of genesis of such landforms are discussed and their glaciological implications outlined. The discovery of this pattern indicates the pervasive nature of subglacial deformation of sediment, and demands a radical re-interpretation of ice sheet dynamics.     

抽拉—逆冲岩片构造——秦岭造山带的新模式

除地槽回返造山和板块碰撞造山之外,尚存在第三种造山模式,即抽拉-逆冲岩片构造造山模式,秦岭-大别造山带就是抽拉-逆冲岩片构造的典型代表。文中详细介绍了抽拉-逆冲岩片构造的基本概念、运动方式和在大陆造山带发展、演化中所起的作用,运用抽拉-逆冲岩片的观点对秦岭造山带的构造单元进行了划分,并明确提出抽拉-逆冲岩片构造是一种新的造山模式。     

在耀斑-电流片坐标系中——研究耀斑-激波的传播特性（Ⅰ）

本文提出一种用于研究太阳瞬变扰动在日球空间传播的新坐标系--瞬变源-日球电流片坐标系,并运用该坐标系以瞬变源耀斑为例,分析研究了由地球近空飞船观测到的277个耀斑-激波事件,发现:1.引起行星际激波和地球物理事件的大耀斑（H_α≥2,持续时间>半小时）的频数在耀斑-日球电流片坐标系中呈高斯分布,极值在电流片附近,那种在日面坐标系中随日面纬度呈双峰形的分布看不到了;2.当地球观测者和耀斑位于日球电流片同侧时,耀斑事件频次明显高于它们分处不同侧时的情形;3.激波参数（速度、磁场、密度和温度）呈现了同侧高于异侧,强激波多在同侧观测到;4.激波沿日球电流片方向的传播具有一定优势.上述结果表明,日球电流片的存在对瞬变扰动,如耀斑-激波在日球空间,特别是近太阳的传播可能具有重要影响.     

Topography and ice sheet growth

This paper uses a numerical ice sheet model to investigate the role of topography in influencing ice sheet growth. The model is applied to the maritime, mid-latitude uplands of Scotland and relies on a series of assumptions about mass balance, topography, and ice flow. It is driven by an imposed pattern of temperature change. The model is able to predict effectively the extent and thickness of the Loch Lomond ice sheet, using a palaeotemperature curve based on Coleoptera assemblages. A series of experiments with a stepped, constant July air temperature depression suggests that in Scotland a change in excess of ?3·0°C is necessary to initiate ice sheet growth; that steady state ice caps build up at changes of ?3 to ? 6·5°C; and that large ice sheets build up at changes of more than ? 6·625°C. The bifurcation revealed by the last two types of behaviour is the result of topography. Both the vertical amplitude and the spatial distribution of bedrock basins and ridges are important in determining the pattern, rate, and extent of ice sheet growth. The implication is that topography plays an important role in determining the dynamics of ice sheet growth.     

大气气溶胶中NO3- ,SO42-研究

根据对国内外有关文献资料的总结归纳，对气溶胶中ＮＯ＾－３，ＳＯ＾２－４的研究现状及其在不同类型样品中的浓度量值分别进行了阐述；对雪冰层中的ＮＯ＾－３和ＳＯ＾２－４进行了本底划分，并对这些本底的来源，组成及特征进行了分析。     

黄河源区更新世冰盖初步研究

黄河源区广泛分布的冰川遗迹，如流线型地形、贯穿型谷地、浑圆状山顶、冰碛沉积、花岗闪长岩漂砾、带擦面的擦痕石、冰砾阜等表明本区曾发育过更新世冰盖。据上述各种地貌和沉积物复原，冰盖面积约达到８００００ｋｍ２，中心厚度约１３６０ｍ，发育时间在倒数第二或第三次冰期。现代黄河源区是青藏高原最寒冷和降水相对丰裕的地区，倒数第二和第三次冰期时雪线降低到了４３００ｍ以下，有条件形成冰盖。     

Palynomorphe und organisches Material aus den Raibler Schichten einer oberostalpinen Schuppe der Iberger Klippen (Kanton Schwyz, Schweiz)

A palynology and organic matter study has been carried out on samples of the Upper Triassic Raibl beds from an Upper Austroalpine thrust sheet, preserved in the area of the Iberg Klippen (Laucherenst?ckli). The palynological assemblages indicate an early Carnian (Julian) age. Comparison with well calibrated successions from the Southern Alps suggests a correlation with the Late Julian ammonoid zone Austrotrachyceras austriacum. The lithofacies of the studied sections suggests a substantial similarity to Raibl beds of the Upper Austroalpine of the Northern Calcareous Alps and those of the Silvretta- and the S-charl nappe of the Grisons. The minute Upper Austroalpine thrust sheet represents the westward extension of series with similar facies, which are still preserved in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Liechtenstein and western Austria (Vorarlberg). According to the Thermal Alteration Scale (TAS) of Batten (1996) the observed medium brown colors of the pollen grains correspond to a value of 4/5, which is equivalent to vitrinite reflectance (VR) values of 0.7–0.9 %R_o. In comparison with other sites in Liechtenstein, Vorarlberg and the Upper Austroalpine of Central Grisons (Silvretta and S-charl nappe) with measured VR values of > 2%R_o the organic matter of the studied samples shows only minor thermal alteration, indicating that the Upper Austroalpine thrust sheets of Iberg represent the highest part of the nappe stack in Central Switzerland, formerly covered by a comparatively thin overburden.