卸荷式板桩高桩梁板码头结构土压力简化计算

河网地区的淤泥层一般较厚,强度较低,在这些地区新建或扩建码头时需对边坡进行大面积的开挖、换填,工程造价高,采用卸荷式板桩墙高桩梁板码头结构可以很好地解决,但目前关于这种码头结构型式的土压力计算研究非常少。借鉴遮帘板桩码头的土压力计算方法,分析探讨了该新型结构的土压力计算方法。计算中对结构进行分区处理,利用非极限状态土压力理论计算板桩河侧及灌注桩陆侧的土压力,同时考虑土拱效应和卸荷板的卸荷作用,以及平行墙理论,推导计算板桩陆侧及灌注桩河侧的土压力,最后将简化计算结果与离心模型试验结果及有限元数值分析结果进行对比,对比分析表明,该简化计算方法有一定的可行性,可供工程设计参考。     

双排钢板桩围堰的冗余度分析

将冗余度理论引入到双排钢板桩围堰的设计中,提出双排钢板桩围堰支护体系冗余度的定义与设计方法的初步框 架。以拉杆系统的冗余度分析为例,采用拆除构件法,对其冗余度进行了定量分析。结果表明,下道拉杆的冗余度参数明显低于上道拉杆,其失效后会明显降低整个围堰支护体系的刚度、强度和稳定性,会导致整个围堰的破坏坍塌,这与工程实际相吻合。以上分析验证了冗余度理论在双排钢板桩围堰工程中适用性及可行性。     

南极冰盖研究最新进展

南极冰盖是地球系统的重要组成部分,在全球气候系统中扮演着重要角色.通过对南极冰盖的研究将有助于了解其在全球气候系统中的作用,并为探讨全球气候过去、现在以及未来的演化提供支撑.总结分析了近年来南极冰盖研究的一些重要进展,并在此基础上对南极冰盖研究领域的一些主要结果、观测事实以及未来变化展开讨论,重点介绍南极物质平衡、冰芯研究、冰下水系统、冰盖数值模拟方面最近的进展,评述未来可能的研究方向和应该关注的问题.     

Kinetic Alfven waves in plasma sheet boundary layer—particle aspect analysis

The particle aspect approach is adopted to investigate the trajectories of charged particles in the electromagnetic field of kinetic Alfven wave. Expressions are found for the dispersion relation, damping rate and associated currents in homogenous plasma. Kinetic effects of electrons and ions are included to study kinetic Alfven wave because both are important in the transition region. It is found that the ratio β of electron thermal energy density to magnetic field energy density and the ratio of ion to electron thermal temperature (T_i/T_e) affect the dispersion relation, damping-rate and associated currents in both cases (warm and cold electron limits). The treatment of kinetic Alfven wave instability is based on the assumption that the plasma consists of resonant and non-resonant particles. The resonant particles participate in an energy exchange process, whereas the non-resonant particles support the oscillatory motion of the wave.     

中国陆上主要含油气盆地石油地质基本特征

中国大陆是由若干大小不等的克拉通与不同时代的造山带组成的拼合体,在显生宙经历了古生代陆洋分化对立阶段,石炭纪－二叠纪软碰撞转化阶段和中,新生代贫山对峙发展阶段,从而形成了陆上３类叠合型盆地;即克拉通与前陆叠合,断坳叠合及残留与新生盆地的叠合     

Nature of sedimentary deposits in the western Makgadikgadi basin, Botswana

Quaternary sedimentation in the western Makgadikgadi basin of north central Botswana is evaluated on the basis of new evidence from satellite imagery and sedimentological analyses. Thematic Mapper imagery interpretation, combined with field evidence, has led to the identification of geomorphological features which are mainly composed of light grey calcareous sandstones (formerly calcretes) overlain by dark grey sands. The literature suggests that palaeolake Makgadikgadi I formed and developed intermittently after initial downwarping in the early–mid Pleistocene. The calcareous sandstones were formed when calcium carbonate precipitation took place in pre-existing Kalahari sands along the western shoreline of Makgadikgadi I. Field evidence, supported by X-ray diffraction and SEM analyses, indicates that CaCO₃precipitated mainly in marshy conditions around plant roots and stems and in association with bacteria in embayments along the lakeshore. The sandstones thickened and became partially indurated as a result of increasing palaeolake levels. Deposition was terminated by renewed tectonism which uplifted the shoreline zone relative to the lake basin, leading to falling palaeolake levels. Post-uplift reworking led to case hardening and pedogenic calcrete formation in the upper sections of the calcareous sandstones. Sedimentary conditions altered during the late Pleistocene. Extensive distributaries from the proto-Okavango system incised the shoreline ridge contributing to the filling of Makgadikgadi II. Satellite data suggest that the proto-Okavango rivers formed a series of fan deltas at this time along the western Makgadikgadi basin. Widespread dispersal of fluvial grey sands took place as a result of basin tilting which led to anastomosing channels flowing southward possibly around 18,000 B.P. These results, although preliminary in nature, augment previous geomorphological analyses by adding some detail in terms of depositional environments and by providing a tentative age and origin for the ubiquitous grey sands.     

地下地膜截水墙--一种新的节水农业技术

简要分析了西北黄土梯地和四川紫色土旱坡地土壤水侧向运移的特点,介绍了地下水地膜截水墙阻断土壤水分侧向支移,保持耕地土壤水分,抗旱增产的基本原理和建设技术。陕北米脂黄土梯田的试验结果表明,该技术可以有效地减少梯田梯坎蒸发,增产效益显著。     

宁静期间双峰电流片的观测研究

2001年8月19日2011～2030UT,AE指数相对较小(40～130 nT),Cluster 卫星穿越磁尾电流片.利用Cluster 观测资料分析,发现宁静期间有双峰电流片存在,这期间没有明显的高速流,没有明显的电流片振荡. 同时,进一步分析双峰电流片中的离子特性发现:质子数密度Np在中性线（<Bx> = 0）附近相对较大,呈非对称性分布;质子温度分布比较均匀;在中性线两侧,质子y方向上的流速Vy方向相反. 最后讨论LHDI（低混杂漂移不稳定性）的非线性演化可能是形成宁静期间双峰电流片的主要机制. 这些对进一步完善电流片形成机制可能有很重要的意义.     

旱作带田-膜两用的水热效应及增产效益研究

西北黄土高原，光照丰富，雨热同期。实施旱作带田一膜两用技术，可增温２—５℃，节水３０—４０ｍｍ以上，调水７０％左右。热量利用率高达０．９８７，降水利用效率１５．１５ｋｇ／（ｍｍ·ｈｍ２），气候生产力利用指数０．４９。增产效益明显，变作物一年一作为一年两作，总产可达８２５０—９０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，比单作增产４５％以上。     

构造对砂岩孔隙演化的控制--以塔里木中部地区东河砂岩为例

塔里木中部地区东河砂岩孔隙大多为原生和次生混合孔隙,次生孔隙的形成与该区南、北两侧坳陷烃源岩成熟排出的酸性水有关,孔隙(包括原生的和次生的)在演化过程中始终受构造作用的控制:早期构造运动形成的塔中Ⅰ号断裂是酸性水从烃源岩注入储集岩的重要通道;古构造格局与演化控制了酸性流体运移路径和方向,最终控制了溶蚀作用和次生孔隙的分布位置;长期继承性的构造高部位比在短时期的构造高部位溶蚀发育物性好;构造高部位捕获烃类致使(原生或次生)孔隙保存下来。后期构造作用破坏油藏,烃类泄漏散失,孔隙重新释放,被晚期碳酸盐胶结而消失。构造在孔隙的形成、保存和消失这一演化过程中始终起着控制作用。