Asphalt mounds and associated biota on the Angolan margin

Release of hydrocarbons from sediments is important in increasing habitat heterogeneity on deep ocean margins. Heterogeneity arises from variation in abiotic and biotic conditions, including changes in substratum, geochemistry, fluid flow, biological communities and ecological interactions. The seepage of heavy hydrocarbons to the seafloor is less well studied than most other cold seep systems and may lead to the formation of asphalt mounds. These have been described from several regions, particularly the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we describe the structure, potential formation and biology of a large asphalt mound province in Block 31SE Angola. A total of 2254 distinct mound features was identified by side-scan sonar, covering a total area of 3.7 km² of seafloor. The asphalt mounds took a number of forms from small (<0.5 m diameter; 13% observations) mounds to large extensive (<50 m diameter) structures. Some of the observed mounds were associated with authigenic carbonate and active seepage (living chemosynthetic fauna present in addition to the asphalt). The asphalt mounds are seabed accumulations of heavy hydrocarbons formed from subsurface migration and fractionation of reservoir hydrocarbons primarily through a network of faults. In Angola these processes are controlled by subsurface movement of salt structures. The asphalt mounds were typically densely covered with epifauna (74.5% of mounds imaged had visible epifauna) although individual mounds varied considerably in epifaunal coverage. Of the 49 non-chemosynthetic megafaunal taxa observed, 19 taxa were only found on hard substrata (including asphalt mounds), 2 fish species inhabited the asphalt mounds preferentially and 27 taxa were apparently normal soft-sediment fauna. Antipatharians (3.6±2.3% s.e.) and poriferans (2.6±1.9% s.e.) accounted for the highest mean percentage of the observed cover, with actinarians (0.9±0.4% s.e.) and alcyonaceans (0.4±0.2% s.e.) covering smaller proportions of the area. Asphalt mounds represent a common and important habitat on several margin systems globally and should be recognised in future environmental assessment and management of these areas.     

基于内力的卫星编队飞行动力学建模

基于内力的卫星编队飞行凭借良好的性能正日益受到重视,但由于该类编队的控制力对卫星间的相对位置和相对姿态均高度敏感,并且控制力和控制力矩之间存在耦合,给动力学建模带来了很大的挑战.首先,建立了六自由度的内力编队姿轨耦合动力学模型,该动力学模型利用了控制力和控制力矩的耦合效应,可以同时针对编队卫星的相对位置和相应姿态设计相应的控制律,从而实现编队的六自由度协同控制.最后,通过采用伪谱法求解编队构型的重构问题,对该动力学模型进行了验证.     

铬同位素体系及其在铬铁矿成矿过程中的应用

近年来铬(Cr)同位素体系在示踪地幔部分熔融、岩浆结晶分异及俯冲带流体相关的地质过程中均取得了重要进展。本文通过实例研究综述了Cr同位素在铬铁矿成矿作用方向的主要进展,包括:(1) Stillwater层状岩体橄榄岩带和K?z?ldaˇg蛇绿岩壳幔过渡带内铬铁矿及共生硅酸盐矿物的Cr同位素研究,揭示了层状/似层状铬铁矿成矿过程中可能发生明显的Cr同位素分馏,且主要受结晶分异和岩浆补给过程控制;(2) K?z?lda?蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿床的Cr同位素研究,证明了俯冲带地幔橄榄岩中尖晶石的部分熔融,可能是豆荚状铬铁矿床主要的成矿物质来源之一,同时俯冲带流体也可能直接参与成矿;(3)层状岩体及蛇绿岩中普遍存在矿物间的Cr同位素不平衡分馏现象,不仅可用以记录岩浆作用的冷却时间,同时也证明了铬铁矿成矿过程中释放的流体对矿物间的元素交换具有明显促进作用。     

QZSS L6E增强服务改正数支持的PPP性能评估

准天顶卫星系统目前利用QZS-2~QZS-43颗卫星播发L6E信号,为东亚和大洋洲地区用户提供实时的增强服务。该文分析了L6E信号结构及轨道和钟差的计算模型,研究了目前L6E信号的覆盖范围和可用性,评估了L6E改正数恢复的卫星轨道和钟差及其用于动态PPP的精度水平。结果表明:我国用户在使用15°截止高度角时L6E信号仍有100%的可用性;L6E改正数恢复的GPS和GLONASS卫星轨道的3D RMS平均值分别为5.3和13.9 cm,卫星钟差的STD平均值分别为0.14和0.22 ns,利用GPS卫星的轨道和钟差进行的动态PPP可以获得水平优于10 cm、高程优于15 cm的精度,在加入GLONASS卫星后,东方向和高程方向定位误差和收敛时间均有明显改善。     

Tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models

Threatening millions of people and causing billions of dollars in losses, tropical cyclones(TCs) are among the most severe natural hazards in the world, especially over the western North Pacific. However, the response of TCs to a warming or changing climate has been the subject of considerable research, often with conflicting results. In this study, the abilities of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) Phase 6(CMIP6) models to simulate TC genesis are assessed through historical simulation...     

一种提取北部湾沿海地区水体信息的动态阈值方法

准确地获取水体分布信息与水体变化规律在流域综合治理等方面具有重要意义。本文基于高分六号(GF-6)影像与Landsat 8影像,选取北部湾海域作为测试研究区,在海洋水体指数(OWI)基础上,针对水体光谱特性,分析了水体像元OWI与归一化植被指数之间的相关性,基于两种指数动态平衡,提出了一个稳定性较高的动态阈值的水体提取方法,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,动态阈值方法能够稳定、准确地提取水体信息,避免了人为设定阈值存在的误差,并且本文提出的指数无论是针对国产高分影像还是其他光学影像,都具有较好的普适性,可应用于沿海海岸线的监测等方面。     

青海省海晏县哈勒景河谷厂区排放Cr~（＋6）对地下水污染的评价

对该区的污染源和污染现况进行调查。利用地下水质量分类指标进行污染分区评价,并分别计算重度、轻度和未污染区面积。结果发现污染区内地下水环境污染严重,建议尽快实施工程治理。     

太阳系~(53)Mn-~(53)Cr同位素体系

短周期放射性核素的初始丰度和分布情况,已成为陨石学和天体化学的重要研究领域之一。已有研究证实地外天体中53 Cr的放射性母体为53 Mn。53 Mn的半衰期为3.7±0.4Ma,可对太阳系形成之后的20Ma内发生的事件进行精确定年。本文系统总结了已报道的碳质球粒陨石、普通球粒陨石、顽辉石球粒陨石和分异陨石中的53 Mn-53 Cr同位素体系数据,依据55 Mn/52 Cr值和53 Cr异常探讨了太阳系形成时53 Mn和53 Cr的初始分布情况、太阳系初始的53 Mn/55 Mn值,讨论了陨石中普遍存在的54 Cr/52 Cr值异常和碳质球粒陨石全岩的54 Cr和53 Cr异常值之间的正相关关系对53 Mn-53 Cr体系定年影响。