Ordovician backarc‐basin metadolerite and metabasalt of the South Kitakami Terrane,Northeast Japan

Basement rocks that occur along the northern margin of the South Kitakami Terrane in Japan consist of Ordovician ultramafic rocks (Hayachine ultramafic complex), gneissose amphibolite (Kuromoriyama amphibolite), and mafic rocks (Kagura igneous rocks, KIR). The KIR are composed of metagabbro, metadolerite, metabasalt, and minor felsic–intermediate dikes. Although the KIR contain green hornblende due to metamorphism of greenschist to epidote–amphibolite facies, they rarely retain primary brown hornblende. Approximately 30% of the metabasalt shows porphyritic textures, with phenocrysts of saussuritized plagioclase and/or altered mafic minerals. The geochemistry of the common metadolerite and metabasalt of the KIR shows a tholeiite trend, a low TiO₂ content, and high Th/Nb and Ti/V ratios. The KIR are therefore indicative of a supra‐subduction zone tectonic setting, which implies a backarc origin (as also indicated by discrimination diagrams). Trace element patterns of the KIR resemble those of the backarc‐basin basalt of the Japan and Yamato basins in the Japan Sea. We propose that the KIR formed during backarc spreading from the Ordovician to Early Silurian. This view is supported by the geochemical data, the tectonic setting of the Hayachine ultramafic rocks, and the provenance of clastics within Silurian sedimentary rocks.     

Late Holocene record of environmental changes,cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake,Mangaia, Cook Islands

A 4.3 m‐long peat sequence from the shore of Lake Tiriara, Mangaia, Cook Islands, was analyzed using an ITRAX core scanner equipped with a magnetic susceptibility meter. Variations in the elemental profiles, providing insights into long‐ and short‐term environmental changes over the last 3500 years, are supported by grain size data and diatom assemblages. The scattering ratio (Mo Inc/Mo Coh) was evaluated and found to represent a good proxy for organic matter in peat. X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data were processed by principal component analysis that confirmed the distinction of biogenic and detrital phases, organic matter and elements of marine origin. The record preserved in the peat sequence includes a peatland infilling stage followed by alternating drier and wetter periods. A notable steady increase in clay associated with high counts of detrital elements from 2000–1700 cal yr BP is attributed to increased erosion, which is most probably linked with human colonization and/or more intense chemical weathering linked with a wetter climate. Freshwater gastropods (Melanoides sp.), which were possibly introduced by humans, or are native, occupied the wetland during a period of lower water level about 1000–1100 cal yr BP. Short‐term changes in the elemental profiles are often linked with slight coarsening of the inorganic fraction that is, however, only revealed after grain size analysis. Peaks in marine indicators (Br, Cl, S, and/or Ca) associated with marine‐dominated diatom assemblages most probably represent marine incursions through the underground tunnel in the makatea, a fossilized, uplifted coral limestone rim. While none of the marine event units present characteristics typical of cyclone or tsunami deposits, the concurrent or absent peak of detrital elements (Fe, Si, Rb, Ti, K) attributed to increased erosion of the volcanic cone associated with a cyclone is used to distinguish both types of events, as also suggested by principal component analysis.     

Zircon U–Pb ages of plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains: Implications for Cretaceous geotectonic evolution of the Abukuma Belt

Plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains include gabbro and diorite, fine‐grained diorite, hornblende–biotite granodiorite (Ishikawa, Samegawa, main part of Miyamoto and Tabito, Kamikimita and Irishiken Plutons), biotite granodiorite (the main part of Hanawa Pluton and the Torisone Pluton), medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite and leucogranite, based on the lithologies and geological relations. Zircon U–Pb ages of gabbroic rocks are 112.4 ±1.0 Ma (hornblende gabbro, Miyamoto Pluton), 109.0 ±1.1 Ma (hornblende gabbro, the Hanawa Pluton), 102.7 ±0.8 Ma (gabbronorite, Tabito Pluton) and 101.0 ±0.6 Ma (fine‐grained diorite). As for the hornblende–biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 104.2 ±0.7 Ma (Ishikawa Pluton), 112.6 ±1.0 Ma (Tabito Pluton), 105.2 ±0.8 Ma (Kamikimita Pluton) and 105.3±0.8 Ma (Irishiken Pluton). Also for the medium‐ to fine‐grained biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 106.5±0.9 Ma (Miyamoto Pluton), 105.1 ±1.0 Ma (Hanawa Pluton) and the medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite has zircon U–Pb age of 104.5 ±0.8 Ma. In the case of the leucogranite, U–Pb age of zircon is 100.6 ±0.9 Ma. These data indicate that the intrusion ages of gabbroic rocks and surrounding granitic rocks ranges from 113 to 101 Ma. Furthermore, K–Ar ages of biotite and or hornblende in the same rock samples were dated. Accordingly, it is clear that these rocks cooled down rapidly to 300 °C (Ar blocking temperature of biotite for K–Ar system) after their intrusion. These chronological data suggest that the Abukuma plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains region uplifted rapidly around 107 to 100 Ma after their intrusion.     

Tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in the Hasunuma site of the Kujukuri coastal plain,Japan

We describe the detailed sedimentary characteristics of a tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in Hasunuma, a site on the Kujukuri coastal plain, Japan. The thick tsunami deposit was limited to within 350 m from the coastline whereas the inundation area extended about 1 km from the coastline. The tsunami deposit was sampled by excavation at 29 locations along three transects and studied using peels, soft‐X imaging and grain‐size analysis. The deposit covers the pre‐existing soil and reached a maximum measured thickness of 35 cm. It consists mainly of well‐sorted medium to fine sand. On the basis of sedimentary structures and changes in grain size, we divided the tsunami deposit into several sedimentary units, which may correspond to multiple inundation flows. The numbers of units and their sedimentary features vary among the three transects, despite the similar topography. This variation implies a considerable influence of local effects such as elevation, vegetation, microtopography, and distance from footpaths, on the tsunami‐related sedimentation.     

SPOT-6与无人机航测技术在第四纪地质及活动构造填图中的应用——以内蒙古1:50000呼勒斯太苏木等四幅填图试点为例

选择SPOT-6数据,对内蒙古呼勒斯太苏木等四幅图的SPOT-6遥感影像进行正射校正、配准及信息的数字增强处理后,根据不同地质体影像特征、野外实地调查,初步建立了填图区第四纪地层及新构造活动的解译标志,并结合野外地质调查,对研究区沉积物的成因类型和分布范围、地貌特征及分区、活动构造运动等进行了调查验证;利用2015年飞行的无人机航测数据,对区内新构造、活动构造进行了识别及活动性质的初步判断。研究结果表明,高精度遥感技术及无人机技术在平原区第四纪地质填图中具有独特优势,有助于快速识别第四纪沉积成因类型与相对时序及准确厘定区域主要活动断裂空间位置与活动特征,从而有效提升填图工作效率,并弥补地表调查的局限。      

基于HJ-CCD影像数据的新疆喀纳斯自然保护区植被叶面积指数估算

以新疆喀纳斯自然保护区为研究区, 评价了HJ-CCD影像数据估算植被叶面积指数(LAI)的能力及其对大气订正方法的敏感性.分别利用6S和FLAASH两种大气订正模型对HJ1B-CCD2影像进行大气订正, 比较了大气订正前后不同植被(针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和草地)反射率及5种植被指数(NDVI、SR、SAVI、MSR、ARVI)的变化, 进而建立了4种植被类型LAI的遥感估算模型, 分析了LAI的空间分布格局.结果表明: 大气订正后可见光波段的反射率降低, 6S模型订正后近红外波段的反射率上升, 而FLAASH模型订正后近红外波段的反射率下降.大气订正后NDVI、SR、SAVI(除针叶林)和MSR上升, 6S模型订正后所有植被类型的ARVI下降, FLAASH模型订正后针叶林和阔叶林的ARVI上升, 而针阔混交林和草地的ARVI下降.大气订正提高了植被指数与LAI之间的相关性, 对于针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林而言, 利用6S模型订正后的反射率建立的模型优于FLAASH模型订正后的反射率建立的模型, 而草地却相反.经过大气订正, HJ-CCD影像数据可应用于研究区植被LAI的估算.研究区LAI的高值集中在湖泊和河流附近, 低值分布在海拔较高处.山地森林草原带、亚高山森林带、高山灌丛草甸带、高山冻原、高山冰川带植被LAI的平均值分别为2.6、3.9、2.5、1.7和1.0.     

草鱼白细胞介素6基因克隆与表达分析

白细胞介素6(IL-6)是一个多效的细胞因子,在机体免疫应答、急性期反应以及造血调控等过程中发挥着重要作用。以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为研究对象,采用RT-PCR和Smart RACE技术克隆获得草鱼IL-6(CiIL-6)cDNA序列,CiIL-6的cDNA全长为1 145 bp,包含一个长为702 bp的开放阅读框,能编码233个氨基酸,预测CiIL-6的蛋白质分子质量为26.74 ku,等电点为8.72。其中5'和3'非编码区(UTR)分别为86 bp和357bp。氨基酸同源性分析显示,草鱼和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的亲缘关系最近,它们的CiIL-6氨基酸同源性高达76%,而与其他物种的同源性均低于30%。RT-PCR的结果显示,CiIL-6在健康草鱼的胸腺、头肾和脾脏表达最高,而在鳃、胃和心脏中的表达量最低。     

三种壳口颜色脉红螺（Rapanavenosa）形态学和线粒体16SrRNA与COI基因片段差异比较分析

脉红螺壳口通常有3种颜色：“黑白条纹螺”、“中间螺”和“橙色螺”。本论文对3种壳口颜色的脉红螺分别进行了形态学和mt16SrRNA、COI基因片段序列比较分析。形态学分析结果表明,除厣宽／壳高、厣高／壳高、厣高／体螺层、厣高／壳口长、厣高／壳口宽、厣高／厣宽的形态学特征指数和出肉率不具有显著性差异外,其它形态特征和生物学相关变量具有显著差异,且对湿重的影响效果不同。“黑白条纹螺”壳口长和壳口宽对湿重影响最大,而“中间螺”和“橙色螺”各形态特征对湿重均无显著的直接影响。根据各形态特征均值建立的居群形态聚类图显示,“中间螺”和“橙色螺”形态差异较小,二者与“黑白条纹螺”的形态差异较大。然而基于mt16SrRNA和COI基因片段序列分析结果显示,三种壳口颜色的脉红螺无遗传分化,为同一种。     

麻城1932年6级地震孕震构造机制探讨

通过收集前人有关地震地质、地球物理等资料,在综合分析的基础上,研究了麻城1932年6级地震的发震构造,并探讨了其孕震构造机制。研究认为,麻城—团风主干断层为该地震的发震构造,次级断层受主干断层控制;震中区处于区域重力、磁力异常区,区内存在低阻层;麻城6级地震是在区域NEE向现代构造应力场的作用下,壳幔尺度垂直隆升共同作用的浅源地震事件;壳幔深度的上隆及NEE向的构造主压应力分别成为该区处于伸展构造环境和具有剪切走滑性质的主要动力来源。     

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区长6沉积体系展布特征

岩矿资料表明,鄂尔多斯盆地西部环县地区延长组长6三角洲沉积体系物源来自西部。进一步的地震相研究表明,该三角洲沉积体系在虎洞一带分为两支,一支沿环县-樊家川一线呈东西方向展布,另一支顺洪德方向呈北东向延展,并在耿湾-罗卜塬附近与东北物源体系的安边三角洲交汇。