The region of Collinder 121

The distribution of bright B-type stars in a field with a radius of 5° centred at the Galactic open cluster Cr 121 is studied utilizing Strömgren and H β photometry. All PPM stars earlier than spectral type A0 are used, revealing a loose nearby structure at a distance of 660–730 pc, and a compact more distant group, which appears to be a genuine cluster: Cr 121. Based on similar coordinates, distances and positions on the colour–magnitude (CM) and Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagrams, 11 photometric cluster members are selected at a mean distance of 1085(±41 standard error) pc. The results are discussed in the light of both classical and Hipparcos points of view.     

新矿物——罗布莎矿的晶体结构精修

利用微量衍射方法得到的粉晶衍射数据和Rietveld全谱拟合方法精修了合金新矿物罗布莎矿(β-FeSi2)的晶体结构,新矿物计算理论分子式为Fe0.83Si2.00,属斜方晶系,空间群为Cmca,a=0.98362 nm,b=0.78301 nm,c=0.78655 nm,z=16。结构精修发现Fe有明显的占位不足,并且这种不足只表现在Fe2位置上,结构中Fe2有明显的空位缺席构造特征。     

数字化技术在铁基合金铬元素可见光谱分析中的应用

使用可见光谱数字化自动分析系统对铁基合金中铬元素可见光谱进行了分析测定。研究了铁基合金中铬元素的Cr 520.60 nm和Cr 534.58 nm分析谱线组的特征,并制作了数字化彩色图谱。探索了铁基合金中铬元素的数字化分析技术,结果可用于铁基合金中铬元素的定性、定量分析和牌号鉴别。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铝硅合金中硅和铁

采用岛津MXF-2400型多道X荧光光谱仪测定锌铝硅合金中硅及铁的含量,对样品分析面进行了选择,考察了分析面光洁度、样品放置时间对测定的影响条件。方法样品前期处理简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,硅和铁的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为1.15%和0.44%。与其他方法对照,结果相符。     

Interaction between Cr(VI) and a Fe-rich soil in the presence of oxalic and tartaric acids

This study examined the interaction between Cr(VI) and a Fe-rich soil in the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids as a function of pH. Oxalic and tartaric acids were chosen since they existed in soils commonly. Batch experiments showed that adsorption of Cr(VI) by the soil within the pH range examined was inhibited in the presence of oxalic acid, which was more pronounced when the initial ratio of [oxalic acid]/[Cr(VI)] was raised from 1:1 to 2:1. With the addition of tartaric acid, concentration of Cr(VI) in equilibrium solutions was far less than that of single adsorbate system across the pH wide (2.5–5.5), which was noticeable especially at low pH. The results were attributed to Cr(VI) adsorption and, particularly, the soil surface catalyzed reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by tartaric acid. The data reported in this paper suggested that the mobility, the bioavailability, and the toxicity of Cr(VI) in soil environments might be greatly affected by pH, the presence and nature of low-weight-molecular organic acids (oxalic and tartaric acids).     

氢化物发生—原子荧光法直接测定锑及其化合物中的铅

通过在样品处理阶段用HBr除去大量锑基体,实现了不需再通过其他化学分离直接运用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定锑及其相关产品中的微量铅,并用于实际样品的分析.该方法对样品检测下限小于10-6,在实际样品分析中,分析结果与原子吸收法测定结果之间无显著性差异,RSD＜2.0%(n=4),对样品分析的加标回收率在95%～105%.     

Oxidation mechanisms and chemical bioavailability of chromium in agricultural soil – pH as the master variable

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal that exists in soils in two stable oxidation states, +III and +VI. The trivalent species is an essential nutrient, whereas the hexavalent species is highly toxic. This study investigated the environmental impact of Cr^III potentially released into soil from wastes and various materials by determining the risk of oxidation of initially soluble inorganic Cr^III into hazardous Cr^VI. The principal aim was to describe the pH-dependent mechanisms that regulate 1) the formation of Cr^VI from the easily soluble Cr^III and 2) the potential bioavailability of Cr^III and that of Cr^VI species produced in the oxidation of Cr^III in agricultural soil (fine sand, organic carbon 3.2%). The amount of Cr^VI formed in oxic soil conditions was regulated by two counteracting reactions: 1) oxidation of Cr^III into Cr^VI by manganese oxide (Mn^IVO₂) and 2) the subsequent reduction of Cr^VI by organic matter back to Cr^III. The effect of pH on this net-oxidation of Cr^III and on the chemical availability of both Cr^III and Cr^VI species was investigated in soil samples incubated with or without excessive amounts of synthetic MnO₂, over the chemically adjusted pH range of 3.9–6.3 (+22 °C, 47 d). In soil subsamples without added MnO₂, the net-oxidation of Cr^III into Cr^VI (1 mM CrCl₃ in soil suspensions, 1:10 w/V) was negligible. As for the MnO₂-treated soils, at maximum only 4.7% of added Cr^III was oxidized – regardless of the high oxidation potential of these subsamples. The lowest production of Cr^VI was observed under acidic soil conditions at pH ∼4. At low pH, the net-oxidation diminished as result of enhanced reduction of Cr^VI back to Cr^III. At higher pHs, the oxidation was limited by enhanced precipitation (or adsorption) of Cr^III, which lowered the overall amount of Cr^III susceptible for oxidation. Moreover, the oxidation reactions by MnO₂ were inhibited by formation of Cr(OH)₃ coverage on its surface. The pH-dependent chemical bioavailability of added Cr^III differed from that of the Cr^VI formed. At elevated pHs the chemical availability of Cr^III decreased, whereas that of Cr^VI produced increased. However, the risk of Cr^VI formation through oxidation of the easily soluble inorganic Cr^III was considered to be low in agricultural soils high in organic matter and low in innate MnO₂.     

含矿基性-超基性岩的镁铁比值

基性-超基性岩中赋存有铜镍硫化物矿床、豆荚状铬铁矿床等许多重要的矿床,基性-超基性岩成岩成矿方面的研究多采用镁铁比值,但以往利用该比值时未考虑岩石的SiO_2含量、地质构造及岩石蚀变等一些重要条件。文章结合国内外一些重要的铜镍矿床和铬铁矿矿床,考虑到上述的几个条件,讨论了镁铁比值在划分岩石类型方面的应用,通过计算给出了与前人不同的镁铁比值划分区间。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定氢氧化铟中砷含量

文章对氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测量氢氧化铟中砷含量的分析方法进行了研究,采用硫酸联胺把五价砷预还原成三价砷,利用三氯化砷的挥发性,经蒸馏分离砷,消除了基体铟干扰。方法线性范围为2ng/mL~70ng/mL,检测下限为2ng/mL,加标回收率为96%~113%,实际样品分析相对标准偏差为4.57%(n=5)。本方法与等离子体发射光谱法、DDTC-Ag分光光度法的分析数据吻合。     

胶印含铬废水化学处理工艺条件应用研究

实验研究了胶印含铬废水化学处理的方法及工艺条件。经化学法处理 ,Cr( )和总 Cr的浓度均能达到国家工业污水排放标准 ;研究结果表明 ,废水中 Cr( )还原成 Cr( )的反应 ,还原剂 Na HSO3 投加量应是 Cr( )重量的 7倍以上 ;Cr(OH) 3 的沉淀反应的适宜 p H范围在 7.5～ 8.5 ,以 p H 8.0时为最佳 ;Cr(OH) 3 的沉淀反应的搅拌时间应在 2 0 min以上为宜 ;沉淀反应的烘干沉渣量为废水总 Cr量的 11倍。该实验研究结果可为含铬废水化学处理法的工艺设计提供理论依据