雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段杰莎蛇绿岩中铬铁矿特征及其构造背景

雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段加查县杰莎岩体主要由蚀变较强的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩、豆荚状铬铁矿组成。铬铁矿矿体呈东西向,倾向北西,矿体的围岩为纯橄岩及方辉橄榄岩,长20~40m,宽1~3m。镜下特征和电子探针分析结果显示铬铁矿中铬尖晶石的Cr#=67.9~88.5,Mg#值变化在64.6~68.2之间,TiO2含量为0.06%~0.18%,Al2O3含量为13.1%~16.5%,表明杰莎铬铁矿为高铬型铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的矿物化学特征表明杰莎岩体既具有深海地幔橄榄岩特征,也具有岛弧地幔橄榄岩的特点。并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石/单斜辉石的矿物化学成分,识别出杰莎岩体至少经历了2期过程,包括早期部分熔融(20%~30%)和晚期的岩石/熔体反应作用(35%)。因此,杰莎地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿可能与雅鲁藏布江缝合带中其他岩体一样,经历了洋中脊及俯冲带的多阶段叠加的过程。     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法快速检测水体中的铅

发展了测定水体中铅的氢化物发生——原子荧光光谱法,选择了最佳测定条件,铅的线性检测范围为0 ng/mL~100 ng/mL,该方法检出限为0.072 9 ng/mL,加标回收率为94.71%~99.86%。该方法操作简便、快速、检出限低、灵敏度高、结果准确。     

西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿石中的合金成分

从西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床中 ,揭示出包含 70～ 80种矿物的一个地幔矿物群 ,其中特别引人注意的是含有多种合金。本文报道了已发现的合金类型和它们的化学成分。这些合金矿物主要通过人工重砂选矿提取的 ,少数合金在矿石光片中可以见到。本文报道的部分合金系有 :Ni(Fe) - C- Cr系 ,W-Cr- Co系 ,Al- Fe- L a系 ,Fe- Si- Ti系 ,Ag- Sn- Si系 ,Ni- Ir- Fe系 ,Fe- Pd- Pt系 ,Fe- Ni- C系。这些碳化物、金属硅以及铁合金等表明它们形成于还原环境 ,然而主岩铬铁矿石则形成于氧化环境 ,认为罗布莎铬铁矿是从玻安质岩浆中结晶的。这样合金矿物可能是外来晶体 ;或者它们形成于地核被后来上升的地幔柱带到浅部 ,包在铬铁矿中 ;或者是滞留在地幔中的成核物质后来被铬铁矿捕获。     

形状记忆合金简化本构模型在结构抗震中的应用

在形状记忆合金(简称SMA)Brinson本构模型基础上推导并给出了伪弹性分段线性化本构模型，该模型参数多，计算不发散，节省计算资源。文中给出了该模型用于结构抗震的计算实例，计算结果显示了该SMA伪弹性分段线性化本构模型在结构被动控制中具有优良的性能。     

原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量锗

分析了溶矿过程中HNO3、H2SO4、HClO4、H3PO4等对Ge的影响，采用AgNO3滤气装置消除气相干扰，测定了地质样品中的痕量锗，方法检出限为0．06μg／g，用土壤国家一级标准物质GBW 07401～GBW 07408验证方法，结果与标准值相符，其相对标准偏差(RSD，n=12)为3．66％～6．11％。     

Geochemical Baselines of Nickel and Chromium in Various Surficial Materials in the Barents Region, NW Russia and Finland

The geochemical baselines of nickel and chromium were studied from the data produced by the Barents Ecogeochemistry project, a large international regional geochemical mapping exercise. The project surveyed major and trace element distributions in stream water, organic and mineralogically-modified soil horizons, and terrestrial moss in the northwestern part of Russia and in Finland. Other materials were collected during the pilot phase and later from thirty special sites. The results on respective materials by XRF, ICP-MS and ICP-AES showed that both geological and anthropogenic factors have an influence on the geochemical baseline concentrations of Ni and Cr in organic soil and stream water. The main explanation of the observed distribution patterns in terrestrial moss is human activity, but geological factors can also affect the baselines. The variation of geochemical baselines in the mineral-rich soil horizon depends only on variations in bedrock. The mineralogy of samples mainly controls the leachability properties of soil samples.     

形状记忆合金力学性能的试验研究

本文针对一种国产形状记忆合金材料,通过试验和分析,首先定性地探讨了其力学性能随激振频率、环境温度、应变幅值和滞回圈数的变化情况;随后,提出了一种简化的四折线力学本构模型,在试验的基础上,确定了模型的特征参数;最后,将该材料与国外同类材料进行了对比,指出了国产材料的不足和应改进之处。     

Polarographische Bestimmung von Nickel und Chrom in Klärschlämmen Polarographic Determination of Nickel and Chromium in Sewage Sludge

The contents of Ni and Cr in sewage sludge with high and low amounts of heavy metals were investigated by polarography. The DIN-digestion (aqua regia) was used, and the resulting solution was treated with H₂O₂/UV (90 °C, 60 min) for further destroying of the organic material. Besides, the solution of the DIN-digestion was examined with AAS (flame) and ICP-OES. With the determination of Ni it was shown that after digestion with aqua regia no further treatment with H₂O₂/UV is necessary. Contrariwise it was found that for the determination of Cr a H₂O₂/UV photolysis is necessary followed by further steps to get good agreement with AAS and ICP results as well as with the certified values of a sludge of the Community Bureau of Standards.     

From surface acidity to surface reactivity; inhibition of oxide dissolution

Paul Schindler's early work on the acid-base chemistry of oxides was instrumental for the development of the concept of surface complexation. This approach has not only been important in establishing a theory on the adsorption of metal ions and ligands as a function of pH and solution variables, but has become essential in establishing surface speciation (coordinative structural and electronic arrangement at the solidwater interface) which in turn determines surface reactivity. The factors that affect dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides and inhibition of dissolution are discussed. A few examples for the inhibition of reductive and ligand-promoted dissolution by binuclear complexes of oxoanions (phosphate, borate) and of protonpromoted dissolution by Cr(III) are given.     

激光织构对Fe基非晶合金涂层润湿性的影响研究

为提高页岩油气钻进过程中钻头表面的耐磨性能及防泥包性能,采用冷喷涂（CS）和超音速火焰喷涂（HVAF）技术在35CrMo钢基体上制备了Fe₄₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂非晶合金涂层,并利用紫外激光制备了涂层的疏水表面,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）测试分析了涂层的微观结构和力学性能,利用接触角测量仪表征涂层的润湿性,并分析其润湿机理。结果表明：利用CS技术制备的Fe基非晶合金涂层结构更加致密,非晶质量分数达到90%,且具有更好的热稳定性。激光过程中的熔融物快速冷却在涂层表面形成纳米尺寸级别的凝结物以及团聚物形成微纳复合结构,在激光扫描次数为7次时,CS涂层表面水接触角最高,具有良好的疏水性。