《周易》思维与现代大地构造学关系的初探

当代大地构造学已经认识到板块、地体、板片、推覆体,都是组成地球的物质通过漂、撞、隆、降、伸、缩、滑、旋等八种不同的运动形式所显示的活动特征。并铸成了地壳表面四类二级规模的构造地文单元:山地、谷地、台地、盆地。它们又分别都表现在地球上两类一级规模的构造地文单元—大陆和海洋之中。因此,大地构造学研究的地球,洋陆,“山谷台盆”,“漂撞隆降伸缩滑旋”可从《周易》的思维模式:“易有太极、是生两仪、两仪生四象、四象生八卦”受到更深的启迪,帮助地学家建立系统论、控制论和全息论的新的地球观。     

居住区位感知下的北京与非京户籍居民职住空间关系生成路径差异

户籍进入限制是中国大城市控制人口规模快速扩张的重要手段.在此影响下,当地户籍与非当地户籍居民形成了差异化的职住空间关系.本文基于居住区位感知的居民职住空间关系生成路径分析模型,通过问卷调查,运用结构方程模型方法,剖析了北京户籍与非北京户籍居民职住空间关系生成路径的差异.结果表明:①影响两大居民群体居住区位决策的空间要素...     

考虑场地放大效应的全国地震危险分析

目前我国第五代地震动参数区划图是以I₁类基岩场地的计算结果为基准,通过统一场地放大系数调整得到II类场地的地震危险分布图,没有直接给出实际场地的地震危险分布图。因此,文中以地形坡度法插值得到的全国30 m剪切波速(V_S30)分布结果为基础,并在CPSHA计算过程中引入NGA-West 2地震动衰减关系,进行考虑场地放大效应的全国地震危险性分析。首先,基于全球地震模型(GEM)提供的开源OpenQuake平台,将中国CPSHA计算过程中的三级潜源划分,地震活动性空间分布不均匀,长短轴衰减关系等特色技术环节实现了融入。为验证计算流程的可靠性,对比了某工程基岩场地安评资料的PGA的危险性曲线,得到的概率地震危险性分析结果与其基本一致;基于全国基岩场地的CPSHA计算结果进行II类场地调整系数放大后,全国34个城市的PGA值基本均位于第五代区划图给出的PGA区间内。进而结合每一个计算栅格点的V_S30值,通过应用NGA衰减关系计算得到考虑场地效应的全国地震危险分布结果。对比发现,局部地区较软场地的场地放大系数已超出了目前区划图的场地调整系数范围。基于文中计算结果分别统计了我国四类工程场地的放大系数,除I类场地外,II、III、IV类场地的放大系数分布要整体略大于区划图的场地调整系数范围。文中研究成果可为我国第五代地震动参数区划图进一步考虑场地放大效应提供依据,并为下一代区划图的编制提供参考思路。     

中国城市化与经济发展关系的省际格局（英文）

Understanding the relationship between China's urbanization and economic development on a provincial scale is of profound theoretical and practical significance.Based on data from 124 countries or regions throughout the world and 31 provinces or autonomous regions in China,applying improved methods using the quadrant map approach,this paper analyzed the spatial pattern of the relationship between China's urbanization and economic development level.The study identified the following results.(1) The 31 province-level regions fall into six categories:only one region is in the category of sharp over-urbanization,3 regions are in medium over-urbanization,11 slight over-urbanization,8 basic coordination,one medium under-urbanization,and seven slight under-urbanization.(2) There are significant regional differences on a provincial scale in the relationships between urbanization and the level of economic development.(3) The provincial pattern of urbanization and economic development is significantly different between east and west.The eastern coastal areas are mainly over-urbanized,while the central and western regions are mainly under-urbanized.(4) The relationship between urbanization and the level of economic development is similar to the Matthew effect.Hence,two important insights are proposed.First,the phenomenon of over-urbanization in some developed regions should be viewed with some concern and vigilance.Second,urbanization needs to be speeded up moderately in the central and western regions.     

Attenuation modeling of recent earthquakes in Turkey

This paper deals with the derivation of a consistent set of empiricalattenuation relationships for predicting free-field horizontal components ofpeak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5 percent damped pseudoacceleration response spectra (PSA) from 47 strong ground motion recordsrecorded in Turkey. The relationships for Turkey were derived in similarform to those previously developed by Boore et al. (1997) for shallowearthquakes in western North America. The used database was compiledfor earthquakes in Turkey with moment magnitudes (M_w) = 5 thatoccurred between 1976–1999, and consisted of horizontal peak groundacceleration and 5 percent damped response spectra of accelerogramsrecorded on three different site conditions classified as rock, soil and softsoil. The empirical equations for predicting strong ground motion weretypically fit to the strong motion data set by applying nonlinear regressionanalysis according to both random horizontal components and maximumhorizontal components. Comparisons of the results show that groundmotion relations for earthquakes in one region cannot be simply modifiedfor use in engineering analyses in another region. Our results, patternedafter the Boore et al. expressions and dominated by the Kocaeli andDüzce events in 1999, appear to underestimate predictions based ontheir curves for up to about 15 km. For larger distances the reverse holds.     

Geometric effects resulting from the asymmetry of dipping fault: Hanging wall/ footwall effects

Root-mean-square distance Drms with characteristic of weighted-average is introduced in this article firstly. Drms can be used to capture the general proximity of a site to a dipping fault plane comparing with the rupture distance Drup and the seismogenic distance Dseis. Then, using Drup, Dseis and Drms, the hanging wall/footwall effects on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are evaluated by regression analysis. The logarithm residual shows that the PGA on hanging wall is much greater than that on footwall at the same Drup or Dseis when the Drup or Dseis is used as site-to-source distance measure. In contrast, there is no significant difference between the PGA on hanging wall and that on footwall at the same Drms when Drms is used. This result confirms that the hanging wall/footwall effect is mainly a geometric effect caused by the asymmetry of dipping fault. Therefore, the hanging wall/footwall effect on the near-fault ground motions can be ignored in the future attenuation analysis if the root-mean-square distance Drms is used as the site-to-source distance measure.     

基于卫星测高数据的海洋中尺度涡流动态特征检测

为了最终实现对海洋中尺度涡流(简称中尺度涡)的自动采样,首先应该发展中尺度涡动态特征识别技术。本文基于SLA(Sea Level Anomaly)数据,实现了对中尺度涡动态特征的检测算法。主要内容是制定了一个判别相邻两组SLA数据中的涡流,是否为同一涡流子在不同时刻的状态的标准,即判别下一时刻SLA数据中是否存在涡流是由上一时刻确定的被检测涡流演化而来的。通过确定这种进化关系,可以得到被检测涡流的一系列动态状态信息,例如:面积变化速率、中心移动情况以及其他情况。本算法的计算量不大,从而可以应用到实时涡流跟踪的环境中。值得注意的是,本文中的算法不仅仅局限于应用SLA数据,SSH(Sea Surface Height)等大部分反映海洋高度的数据也可以使用。     

高光谱遥感在植物多样性研究中的应用进展与趋势

人类活动、极端气候、物种入侵等事件导致植物的生物多样性丧失加剧,生物多样性保护迫切需要快速准确地收集陆地植物多样性信息。高光谱遥感的出现,为大空间尺度上的植物多样性研究提供了技术基础,为群落和景观水平的生物多样性相关理论的验证提供了契机。本文简要回顾了近年来高光谱遥感技术的发展及其在植物多样性研究中的应用。重点介绍了两类高光谱遥感反演多样性的手段,即直接反演和间接反演。直接反演手段以光谱变异假说为理论基础,从光谱曲线特征入手直接建立光谱信息与植物多样性的关系;间接反演手段则通过植被指数将光谱信息关联植物多样性,或通过定量反演功能性状计算功能多样性指标,进而实现植物多样性的间接估测。论文进一步结合实例,论述了高光谱遥感技术在大尺度生物多样性相关研究中的应用,如物种入侵监测、物种分布及多样性格局制图、生物多样性与生态系统功能关系研究。最后分析了高光谱遥感技术在生态研究应用中的局限性。随着多源遥感技术的发展日渐成熟,高光谱遥感技术与地面通量监测、激光雷达、计算机可视化等其他技术的协同应用可能是在生物多样性研究领域中一个新的发展方向。     

发展地球科学大体系理论开拓人类文明的新前景

从人类发展需要及科学理论趋势出发论述地球科学各门类的大体系综合理论跃迁的观点。提出以地球深源岩浆热动力为主链的岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生态环境圈的总体物质——热力运动高统帅性理论。展望新的高技术观（监）测系统。