The Zhuanglang river and Baiyin Baiyangshu river faults are late Quaternary faults near Lanzhou city,which pose a threat to the safety of the city. However,the cause of medium-strong earthquakes along the fault is rather complicated and even uncertain. It is important for us how to assess the magnitudes of maximum potential earthquakes and the seismic risk of the faults. The authors make reference to the method that Wen Xueze,et al.(2007) developed to assess the magnitudes of maximum potential earthquakes in sub-areas of moderately and weakly active faults in the eastern Chinese Mainland,and brought forward an empirical relationship between the maximum magnitudes M_max and the a_t/b values of the sub-areas' frequency-magnitude relationships in the Lanzhou area. By using this empirical relationship,the authors have estimated the upper-limits M_u of the Zhuanglang river and Baiyin Baiyangshu river active faults near Lanzhou city as M_S6.9 and 6.3,respectively. In addition,they have assessed the average interval recurrence time and the probabilities of destructive earthquakes on the faults. 相似文献
Eddy-covariance data have been analyzed to investigate the influence of local stability on heat transfer within open canopies.
The flux–gradient relationship for heat is derived from the temperature variance equation, and the stability dependence of
the flux–gradient relationship is examined and discussed. The results indicate that the strong stability dependence of the
nondimensional standard deviation of temperature, and the small contributions of turbulent transport to the temperature variance,
lead to a strong stability dependence of the nondimensional temperature gradient within open canopies. Quadrant analysis and
hole size analysis were performed for momentum and heat fluxes in the subcanopy, and the results indicate that the contribution
of each quadrant to the total flux depends on both the local stability and canopy depth. The intermittency of the turbulent
flux does not show a clear dependence on local stability. As the contribution of ejections to the heat flux increases, the
vertical flux of the temperature variance changes sign from negative to positive, leading to small temperature variance transport
in unstable conditions. Multi-resolution analysis indicates that heat and momentum are transported with different dominant
time scales in very unstable conditions, suggesting a different role of local buoyancy in heat and momentum transfer. 相似文献