Post-installation pore-pressure changes around spudcan and long-term spudcan behaviour in soft clay

This paper presents a dual-stage Eulerian–Lagrangian analysis for modelling the entire process of spudcan installation in soft clay, followed by consolidation and working load operation. The analysis consists of three components, namely undrained effective stress Eulerian analysis of spudcan installation, mesh-to-mesh variable mapping and coupled-flow Lagrangian analysis for the post-installation spudcan working behaviour. The results show good agreement with centrifuge model data but also highlight the importance of replicating the hysteretic behaviour of the soil. The findings also show that while a wished-in-place approach was able to model the long-term bearing response of the spudcan, rotational stiffness was over-estimated. This is due to the fact that, while the wished-in-place analysis was able to model the hardening of the soil ahead of the spudcan, it was unable to model the softening of back-flowed soil behind spudcan. The latter influences the spudcan fixity significantly, but not bearing response. Although the analyses were conducted using ABAQUS, they can, in principle, be conducted using other codes.     

A coupled hydro-mechanical analysis for prediction of hydraulic fracture propagation in saturated porous media using EFG mesh-less method

The details of the Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method are presented with the method being applied to a study on hydraulic fracturing initiation and propagation process in a saturated porous medium using coupled hydro-mechanical numerical modelling. In this EFG method, interpolation (approximation) is based on nodes without using elements and hence an arbitrary discrete fracture path can be modelled.The numerical approach is based upon solving two governing partial differential equations of equilibrium and continuity of pore water simultaneously. Displacement increment and pore water pressure increment are discretized using the same EFG shape functions. An incremental constrained Galerkin weak form is used to create the discrete system of equations and a fully implicit scheme is used for discretization in the time domain. Implementation of essential boundary conditions is based on the penalty method. In order to model discrete fractures, the so-called diffraction method is used.Examples are presented and the results are compared to some closed-form solutions and FEM approximations in order to demonstrate the validity of the developed model and its capabilities. The model is able to take the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the material into account. The applicability of the model is examined by simulating hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation process from a borehole by injection of fluid. The maximum tensile strength criterion and Mohr–Coulomb shear criterion are used for modelling tensile and shear fracture, respectively. The model successfully simulates the leak-off of fluid from the fracture into the surrounding material. The results indicate the importance of pore fluid pressure in the initiation and propagation pattern of fracture in saturated soils.     

基于生态重要性评价与最小累积阻力模型的重庆市生态安全格局构建

生态安全格局构建是保障生态系统稳定运行,实现区域生态安全的重要途径。本文以重庆市为例,基于生态服务功能和生态敏感性对重庆市进行生态重要性评价,将生态极重要区域与自然保护地共同作为生态源地。首先从生态本底和生态胁迫两个角度选取高程、坡度、土地利用类型、距道路距离、距水体距离、夜间灯光指数6个阻力因子构建了典型山地动物的生态阻力面,然后利用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）模拟潜在生态廊道,完成市域生态安全格局的构建。研究表明,重庆市生态源地30 751.11 km²,占全市总面积的37.32%,主要分布在渝东北与渝东南的山林地。将识别的73条潜在生态廊道、138个生态节点与生态源地进行叠加,结合重庆的山水格局,构建了"两区、三带、四核、多廊、多点"的多层次生态安全格局,为重庆市生态保护和修复工作提供科学参考。     

银川市景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建

银川市生态保护与高质量发展已成为黄河流域可持续发展的重要组成部分,亟需优化区域生态安全格局。以银川市为研究区,综合生态风险评价模型和最小累积阻力模型,分析了银川市景观生态风险的时空分异特征,构建了生态安全格局并提出了生态安全保护策略。结果表明：（1） 银川市景观生态风险整体呈中北部高、南部低的空间分布特征,2000、2010年和2020年的景观生态风险指数平均值分别为0.2155、0.2145和0.2130,生态风险整体呈下降趋势,生态风险等级总体由高等级向低等级转移。（2） 共识别优化银川市生态廊道22条,生态节点52个,生态廊道累计长度约511.23 km,大致呈“北西—东南”方向网状分布,北部稀疏、南部密集。6条关键廊道贯穿南北,沿贺兰山国家级自然保护区—黄河—白芨滩国家级自然保护区一带分布,形成了“三纵”的空间格局分布特征。（3） 银川市优化后的生态安全格局由819.56 km²的生态源地、22条生态廊道和52个生态节点构成,并提出了针对生态源地、廊道和节点的生态安全保护策略,以期为银川市景观生态风险评价和生态安全水平的提升提供理论参考和依据。     

Study on Corrosion Resistance of Ni-W-P Coating in Hypersaline Brine

正Brine resource is rich in China,but its exploitation has been a problem.Hypersaline brine will corrode equipment and materials seriously during the brine exploitation and transportation.The corrosion problem can cause great     

贵州省黔西县龙场煤矿南回风立井地面预注浆工程得失探讨

龙场煤矿南回风井采用立井开拓方式,设计直径φ5.5m,掘深268m。根据井检施工报告,揭露断层破碎带一处,含水层3段,预计涌水量37m^3/h。按照立井施工规范,必须进行预注浆处理。为此,设计共分三个层序,每层序各3孔共9孔（其中最后层序3个孔为检验加强孔）。因业主不同意施工第三层序孔,预注浆处理后井筒涌水量将近10m^3/h,但仍未达到全井少于6m^3/h的目的,以致未达到设计目的,增加了施工难度,延缓了工期。本文就注浆施工从设计到施工进行剖析,指出施工中的得失,对类似工程有指导作用。     

长距离顶管工程中注浆减摩作用机理及效果分析

长距离顶管施工中除了克服迎面阻力外,尚需克服巨大的侧面摩擦阻力,故直接顶进非常困难。探讨了利用膨润土泥浆注浆以减小顶进阻力的技术。对注浆材料的结构、注浆工艺和减摩机理进行了较为系统的阐述,并结合工程实例对长距离顶管中顶进力的理论值与实际值做了比较。结果表明,注浆减摩效果十分明显。该技术值得在实际工程中推广应用。     

两种圆柏属常绿植物叶片稳定碳同位素的季节变化及其指示意义

连续2a测定了祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)和圆柏(Sabina chinensis)叶片δ13C值及叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸和硅(Si)含量的季节性变化,研究了叶δ13C值与环境因素之间的相关性(月总降雨量、月平均气温、月平均土温、月总日照时间、相对湿度、大气压、蒸汽压、风速以及潜在蒸发量).结果表明:叶片δ13C值与大气压成负相关,而与气温、降雨量、蒸汽压、潜在蒸发量、日照时间、风速及土温成正相关;13C值与相对湿度之间无显著关系,说明圆柏属植物叶13C值可以作为这些气象因素有效的指示指标.同时,叶片13C值与脯氨酸和Si含量负相关,与叶片含水量和MDA正相关,并且相对圆柏来说,祁连圆柏有更高的13C值、脯氨酸含量和Si含量,较低的叶片含水量和MDA含量,说明叶片13C值在一定程度上可以作为指证环境胁迫的抗逆指标.     

Assessing neuroprotective P-glycoprotein activity at the blood-brain barrier in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) using behavioural profiles

The neuroprotective role of P-glycoprotein, a multixenobiotic resistance transporter (ABCB1/MDR1), in the blood-brain barrier in fish was examined using behavioural toxicological assays. P-glycoprotein acts as cellular efflux pump to prevent substrates from accumulating in the brain, including environmental contaminants such as ivermectin, a common aquaculture pesticide and mammalian anti-parasitic drug. The behavioural toxicological assays were developed to determine the neuropathological effect of ivermectin in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). P-glycoprotein function and thus blood-brain barrier integrity can be compromised by chemosensitizers that inhibit transport activity. Fish treated with ivermectin and the P-glycoprotein inhibitor cyclosporin A were significantly more sensitive and succumbed more rapidly to tilting, lethargy, slowing of pectoral-fin movement and loss of haptic-reactivity compared to fish treated with ivermectin-only. P-glycoprotein inhibition is associated with significantly earlier onset and increased mortality in ivermectin-exposed fish. Our results suggest that P-glycoprotein confers resistance against ivermectin-induced behavioural neuropathology and mortality in fish. This assay provides us with a non-invasive tool to study P-glycoprotein function in the blood-brain barrier and evaluate the behavioural effects of potential environmental neurotoxins.