郭屯矿井井筒基岩富水性分析

根据山东郭屯矿建井前施工的井筒检查钻孔钻探取心、简易水文观测、地球物理测井（包括流量测井）及结合郭屯矿井精查地质报告资料,对井筒的含、隔水层进行了划分;通过抽水试验、流量测井方法求解了风氧化带含水层、风氧化带下含水层及其各含水层分层的水文地质参数,分别预算了主井、副井、风井井筒的涌水量,并分析了郭屯矿各井筒基岩涌水量大于邻近煤矿井筒基岩涌水量的主要影响因素。     

安徽沿江一次连续性暴雨过程中急流特征分析

利用国家自动气象站和ECMWF-interim再分析资料,从高低空急流的角度对2016年7月1—4日安徽沿江地区的连续性暴雨的成因进行了探讨。研究表明,7月1—4日,高空急流出现明显的北跳、强度增强,低层西南急流强度则达到2016年最大值。伴随着高低空急流的异常变化,在安徽沿江地区上空形成了强烈的高空辐散和低空辐合,同时高低空急流耦合激发形成次级环流,使得旺盛的上升运动一直延伸至对流层上层。高低空急流耦合在1—2日比较强烈,3日起耦合强度逐渐减弱,导致小时雨强进一步减弱。另一方面,低空急流的增强也使得孟加拉湾的水汽源源不断的输送至安徽沿江地区,近地面至3 000 m高度上南风输送为沿江地区连续性暴雨提供了充沛的水汽。     

2006～2013年CMIP5模式中国降水预估误差分析

用第五次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP5）的10个模式模拟结果与英国东安格利亚大学（UEA）气候研究机构（CRU）的最新降水格点分析资料比较,评估了三种典型浓度路径（RCPs）排放情景下模式集合对2006～2013年中国降水预估误差,结果发现模式间年降水预估在西北和东部沿海地区差异较明显,在沿海地区模式降水估计偏少,在西部和北方大部分地区偏多;冬半年大部分地区模式降水明显偏多,部分地区甚至偏多一倍以上;夏半年东部季风区降水估计偏少,但西部仍然偏多。模式降水误差随时间变化,夏半年误差变化明显的区域主要集中在北方和东部地区,冬半年在东北南部、华东及华南等地。此外,提高排放情景对年降水量估计影响明显的地区主要集中在我国西部的部分地区,加剧了西北模式降水估计偏多程度,但对东部地区影响不大。El Ni?o与La Ni?a年的模式降水误差分布相似,仅在沿海部分地区和华北北部差异较明显,逐年误差分布特征也与此相似。各种误差的对比分析表明,模式降水误差可能多来自模式本身存在的问题,如积云对流参数化、固体降水物理过程、地形处理及分辨率等。这些误差特征说明,直接使用CMIP5模式集合情景输出资料估计未来降水的方法存在较大的不确定性,必须对其进行评估,以降低潜在用户或决策者们制定未来规划的风险。     

海洋溴酚化合物BDDPM促进肝糖原合成及缓解胰岛素抵抗的作用研究

BDDPM是一种从海洋松节藻中分离出来的全新结构的溴酚类化合物,前期研究表明BDDPM具有良好的PTP1B蛋白酶活抑制能力。在本文中利用Hep G2细胞和C2C12细胞,研究BDDPM对肝细胞糖原合成能力的影响及对胰岛素抵抗的作用。结果表明,1μmol/L BDDPM可以在细胞水平显著激活胰岛素信号通路,提高肝糖原的合成,缓解棕榈酸诱导的胰岛素抵抗,初步具有开发成为新型抗糖尿病海洋药物的潜力。     

Study of Seabed Pullout Resistance on a Quadrate Foundation Using Adaptive Time-Stepping Method

We developed a solid-fluid analysis procedure that can simulate the seabed pullout resistance based on two adaptive time-stepping methods. One is heuristic time stepping, and the other is based on the truncation error estimation in temporal discretization. The pullout resistance is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the proposed adaptive stepping methods can deal with the un-convergence problems caused by the time increment and can improve the calculation efficiency. The base suction, related to the area of the negative pore water pressure, is generated under the structure and provides the pullout resistance.     

Effects of pore water pressure dissipation on rate dependency of shear strength in localised failure of soils

The paper presents analytical solutions for the evolution of excess pore pressures in the vicinity of a shear band in a rate‐dependent, strain‐softening permeable soil, with the aim to explore, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential variation of failure shear stress in the shear band. The solutions encompass both dissipation of a pre‐existing pore pressure regime within the main soil domain, and the effects of generation of additional pore pressure within the shear band itself. The simplified analytical solutions were checked by numerical inversion of exact solutions in Laplace transform space, confirming their high accuracy. The solutions show that it is possible for the failure shear stress to rise initially because of short‐term dissipation of the pre‐existing excess pore pressure at a faster rate than generation of new excess pore pressure within the shear band. This apparent strain hardening in a strain‐softening soil can be misleading in that it can temporarily slow down the sliding mass and create a false sense of stabilization of the slope. It can also result in additional temporary shear resistance for sliding foundations or pipelines on the seabed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The hydrogeomorphic influences on alluvial gully erosion along the Mitchell River fluvial megafan

Hydrogeomorphic processes influencing alluvial gully erosion were evaluated at multiple spatial and temporal scales across the Mitchell River fluvial megafan in tropical Queensland, Australia. Longitudinal changes in floodplain inundation were quantified using river gauge data, local stage recorders and HEC‐RAS modelling based on LiDAR topographic data. Intra‐ and interannual gully scarp retreat rates were measured using daily time‐lapse photographs and annual GPS surveys. Erosion was analysed in response to different water sources and associated erosion processes across the floodplain perirheic zone, including direct rainfall, infiltration‐excess runoff, soil‐water seepage, river backwater and overbank flood inundation. The frequency of river flood inundation of alluvial gullies changed longitudinally according to river incision and confinement. Near the top of the megafan, flood water was contained within the macrochannel up to the 100‐year recurrence interval, but river backwater still partially inundated adjacent gullies eroding into Pleistocene alluvium. In downstream Holocene floodplains, inundation of alluvial gullies occurred beyond the 2‐ to 5‐year recurrence interval and contributed significantly to total annual erosion. However, most gully scarp retreat at all sites was driven by direct rainfall and infiltration‐excess runoff, with the 24‐h rainfall total being the most predictive variable. The remaining variability can be explained by seasonal vegetative conditions, complex cycles of soil wetting and drying, tension crack development, near‐surface pore‐water pressure, soil block undermining from spalling and overland flow, and soil property heterogeneity. Implications for grazing management impacts on soil surface and perennial grass conditions include effects on direct rainfall erosion, water infiltration, runoff volume, water concentration along tracks, and the resistance of highly dispersible soils to gully initiation or propagation under intense tropical rainfall. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液化土层中桩基水平承载特性分析

通过桩土相互作用的振动台模型试验,获得了不同相对密度的砂土在振动液化过程中桩身弯矩随土层振动累积孔压的变化关系。进而通过拟静力方法,确定了土层液化过程中的衰化p-y曲线,并计算出桩身弯矩的分布。计算结果与实测结果的比较分析表明：若土层的振动累积孔压比ru≤比≤0.2时,桩的水平承载能力没有明显降低。当土层的振动累积孔压比ru≥0.8时,若土层的相对密度Dr≤40 %,桩的水平承载能力降低90 %;若土层的相对密度Dr≥50 %,桩的水平承载能力降低75 %。     

天然沉积中间土的力学特性研究

长江口北岸天然沉积土主要由粉粒和细砂粒组成,其渗透系数介于10-7～10-3 cm/s之间,既不属于完全排水的砂性土,也不属于完全不排水的粘性土,针对这样的天然沉积中间土的我国研究并不多见。通过大量的物理力学试验,探讨了天然沉积中间土的物理力学性状,结果表明天然沉积中间土具有类似于软粘土的物理性质,但原位静力触探试验显示其天然沉积中间土的原位强度却与天然含水量分布在塑限附近的硬粘土差不多。研究结果亦表明颗粒分布对天然沉积中间土的原位强度有较大的影响。同时采用灰理论中的关联度分析,对这类中间土物理状态指标与力学特征指标间相关性进行了分析,认为孔隙比用于亚砂土稠度划分,含水比用于亚粘土、粘土稠度划分更加合理     

三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水

通过三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水的实验研究,探讨曝气量和水力停留时间对处理效果的影响,确定最佳曝气量为0.25 m³/h,最佳水力停留时间为1.5 h。在该实验条件下,COD_cr平均去除率在85％以上,生物浓度高达28.31 mg/L,生物膜活性强,同时反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。