库仑土压力的变分法研究

以滑动体静力平衡的两个力平衡方程为基础,引入拉氏乘子,将土压力问题以变分学观点来描述,转化为确定含有两个函数自变量的泛函极值问题。依据泛函取极值时必须满足的欧拉方程,得出了主动土压力和被动土压力在取极值时,墙后土体的破坏是沿平面滑动。然后,将土压力的泛函极值问题进一步转化为带有约束的函数极值问题。这种函数极值可利用M atlab6.1优化工具箱提供的fm incon函数进行求解。当土体的粘聚力等于0时,土压力计算结果与库仑土压力理论解完全一致;而当土体的粘聚力不等于0时,归纳给出了相应的土压力计算公式。     

The MW = 6.3 2003 Lefkada earthquake (Greece) and induced stress transfer changes

A large earthquake of magnitude M_W = 6.3 occurred on 14 August 2003 NW of the Lefkada Island, which is situated at the Ionian Sea (western Greece). The source parameters of this event are determined using body-wave modeling. The focal depth was found equal to 9 km, the constrained focal mechanism revealed dextral strike–slip motion (φ = 15°, Δ = 80° and λ = 170°), the duration of the source time function was 8 s and the seismic moment 2.9 × 10²⁵ dyn cm. The earthquake occurred close to the northern end of the Kefallinia transform fault, where the 1994 moderate event and its aftershock sequence were also located. The epicentral distribution of the 2003 aftershock sequence revealed the existence of two clusters. The first one is located close to the epicentral area of the mainshock, while the second southern, close to the northwestern coast of the Kefallinia Island. A gap of seismicity is observed between the two clusters. The length of the activated zone is approximately 60 km. The analysis of data revealed that the northern cluster is directly related to the mainshock, while the southern one was triggered by stress transfer caused by the main event.     

前陆冲断带非对称性变形与逆冲断层运动学指向

前陆冲断带冲断层的冲断方向一直没有得到理论解释.文中基于库伦断裂理论和造山带前陆冲断带变形的非对称性,分析了前冲断层和反冲断层的成因.变形初期将会出现两组共轭势断裂面,随后在变形非对称引起的准静力平衡条件下,两组势断裂面中所需作用力小的那组断裂面将更容易发育成冲断层,断层滑动所需作用力包括克服滑脱面摩擦力和断层面摩擦力...     

Seismic behavior in central Taiwan: Response to stress evolution following the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake

Following the 1999 M_w 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, a large amount of seismicity occurred in the Nantou region of central Taiwan. Among the seismic activities, eight M_w ⩾ 5.8 earthquakes took place following the Chi-Chi earthquake, whereas only four earthquakes with comparable magnitudes took place from 1900 to 1998. Since the seismicity rate during the Chi-Chi postseismic period has never returned to the background level, such seismicity activation cannot simply be attributed to modified Omori’s Law decay. In this work, we attempted to associate seismic activities with stress evolution. Based on our work, it appears that the spatial distribution of the consequent seismicity can be associated with increasing coseismic stress. On the contrary, the stress changes imparted by the afterslip; lower crust–upper mantle viscoelastic relaxation; and sequent events resulted in a stress drop in most of the study region. Understanding seismogenic mechanisms in terms of stress evolution would be beneficial to seismic hazard mitigation.     

云南武定M6.5地震动态库仑破裂应力变化的数值模拟及其与余震活动的关系

在离散波数法（DWN）基础上,计算了武定M6.5地震断层破裂在周围介质中产生的位移时程（位移理论地震图）和动态位移场;进行弹性动力学转换后,求得应变时程和动态应变场;最后得到了武定M6.5地震所产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化量和动态库仑破裂应力变化场,进而研究其与后续余震的关系. 结果表明,动态应力最大峰值和静态应力的正区均呈非对称性分布,两者的分布特征与余震的分布特征基本一致. 在动态应力峰值为正的确定区应力值超过了0.1 MPa触发阈值, 在静态应力值为正的确定区应力值超过了0.01 MPa触发阈值. 这说明动态应力和静态应力均有助于余震的发生.      

震源参数因素对玉树地震库仑破裂应力图像及其与余震活动统计关系的影响

2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生MS7.1强震, 根据国内外3个机构公布的5套玉树地震震源参数,计算了玉树地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,研究了震源参数的差异对库仑破裂应力变化及其与余震活动关系的影响． 结果表明,由于不同来源震源参数存在差异,计算得到的库仑破裂应力变化图像也存在不同程度差异,从而影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动的关系．在震源断层参数中,断层滑动角和位错量的影响大于其它参数．此外还发现对余震统计时间的长短也会影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动关系的统计结果．      

对库仑土压力理论的若干修正

库仑土压力理论至今仍是计算土压力的重要方法而被人们所熟知。通过分析库仑土压力的墙后土楔体的受力特点,特别是深入研究了土楔体与墙的作用力关系,对库仑土压力理论给出了一些修正。认为土楔体和挡土墙之间的作用力（即定义的土压力）,并非一定要达到极限状态,所以不能确定土压力的作用方向,但土压力的作用方向必须在其允许的角度范围之内。所以,认为库仑主动土压力为作用方向角度变化范围内的最大值,库仑被动土压力为作用方向角度变化范围内的最小值。对于墙后土楔体,认为墙体和土楔体是两个不同物体,土楔体的形成是因为土中产生潜在破裂面,而原库仑土压力理论要求墙体与土之间也达到临界状态是不必要的。墙体对土楔体的作用力（即土压力）实质就是相当于一物（墙）施加于另一物（土楔体）的力,即使土楔体滑动了,两物之间也并非要滑动。推导了主动土压力计算公式,给出了被动土压力的近似计算方案。算例证明,计算结果与原库仑理论有明显不同。该研究对库仑土压力的修正和求解值得引起重视。