安庆铜矿水化学特征及标志意义

安庆铜矿属岩溶金属矿山,水文地质条件复杂,坑下涌水量大.本文收集了安庆铜矿40个水化学分析样,根据地下水化学成分阿廖金分类法进行类型划分并分析其标志意义.     

Photosynthetic responses to Cu exposure are independent of light acclimation and uncoupled from growth inhibition in Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae)

We have studied the effect of light acclimation on photosynthetic responses and growth during Cu²⁺ exposure (0–0.84 μM) in the brown seaweed Fucus serratus. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that Cu²⁺ exposure amplified ETR, reduced the chlorophyll content at the cellular level and that there was no effect of light adaptation on the Cu²⁺ resistance of the algae. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on chlorophyll fluorescence, O₂ evolution and the total content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of the algae was unaffected by Cu²⁺. We conclude that photoinhibition and perhaps pigment degradation in the meristoderm was compensated for by cells deeper in the thallus with the result that the overall photosynthetic fitness of the algae was maintained. The pronounced inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on algae growth was not a consequence of photoinhibition and could be attributed to direct inhibitory effects on the growth process.     

Isotopic constraints on fluid evolution and precipitation mechanisms for the Boléo Cu–Co–Zn district, Mexico

Stable and radiogenic isotope composition of stratiform Cu–Co–Zn mineralization and associated sedimentary rocks within the Boléo district of the Miocene Santa Rosalía basin, Baja California Sur, constrains the evolution of seawater and hydrothermal fluids and the mechanisms responsible for sulfide and oxide deposition. Stable isotope geochemistry of limestone and evaporite units indicates a strong paleogeographic influence on the chemistry of the water column. Near-shore limestone at the base of the Boléo Formation is characterized by modified marine carbon (δ ¹³C_PDB=−6.0 to +4.4‰) and oxygen (δ ¹⁸O_SMOW=+19.5 to +26.2‰) isotope composition due to the influx of ¹³C- and ¹⁸O-depleted fluvial water. Sulfate sulfur isotope composition (δ ³⁴S_CDT=+17.21 to +22.3‰ and δ ¹⁸O_SMOW=+10.7 to +13.1‰) for basal evaporite and claystone facies are similar to Miocene seawater. Strontium isotopes are less radiogenic than expected for Miocene seawater due to interaction with volcanic rocks. Low S/C ratios, high Mn contents and sedimentological evidence indicate the basin water column was oxidizing. The oxygenated basin restricted sulfide precipitation to within the sedimentary pile by replacement of early diagenetic framboidal pyrite and pore-space filling by Cu–Co–Zn sulfides to produce disseminated sulfides. Quartz–Mn oxide oxygen isotope geothermometry constrains mineralization temperature between 18 and 118°C. Sulfur isotopes indicate the following sources of sulfide: (1) bacterial sulfate reduction within the sedimentary pile produced negative δ ³⁴S values (<−20‰) in framboidal pyrite; and (2) bacterial sulfate reduction at high temperature (80–118°C) within the sedimentary pile during the infiltration of the metal-bearing brines produced Cu–Co–Zn sulfides with negative, but close to 0‰, δ ³⁴S values. Isotope modeling of fluid-rock reaction and fluid mixing indicates: (1) sedimentary and marine carbonates (δ ¹³C=−11.6 to −3.2‰ and δ ¹⁸O=+19.0 to +21.8‰) precipitated from basin seawater/pore water that variably mixed with isotopically depleted meteoric waters; and (2) hydrothermal calcite (δ ¹³C=−7.9 to +4.3‰ and δ ¹⁸O=+22.1 to +25.8‰) formed by dissolution and replacement of authigenic marine calcite by downward-infiltrating metalliferous brine and brine-sediment exchange, that prior to reaction with calcite, had mixed with isotopically depleted pore water. The downward infiltration of metalliferous brine is inferred from lateral and stratigraphic metal distributions and from the concentration of Cu sulfides along the upper contact of pyrite-bearing laminae. The co-existence and textural relationships among framboidal pyrite, base metal sulfides, carbonate and Mn–Fe oxides (including magnetite) within mineralized units are consistent with carbonate replacement and high-temperature bacterial reduction within the sedimentary pile occurring simultaneously below a seawater column under predominantly oxygenated conditions.     

环太平洋成矿带斑岩-矽卡岩型铜矿和与花岗岩有关的锡多金属矿研究现状与展望

长期以来,斑岩型铜矿是研究和勘查的热点。在20世纪70~90年代,对与花岗岩有关锡矿进行了大量深入研究,近几年,锡被列为一种关键金属,锡矿的研究和勘查又成为新的热点之一。锡矿和铜矿是环太平洋地区乃至全球最重要的两种矿床,但两者的成矿物质和成矿过程相差迥异。环太平洋地区的锡矿和铜矿主要形成于晚中生代至新生代,通常认为与太平洋板块俯冲有关,包括古太平洋板块、伊泽奈岐板块、法拉龙板块以及现今太平洋板块。本文主要综述了环太平洋成矿域的斑岩-矽卡岩铜矿和与花岗岩有关锡矿的时空分布特点、成矿岩体、矿床成因以及成矿环境的研究现状。尽管,目前已经取得了诸多重要进展,但仍然存在一些重要的科学问题亟待解决,例如,1)中国东部平行同时代成对出现的三条锡(钨)成矿带与斑岩铜矿成矿带的形成机制? 2)沿欧亚大陆边缘发育长达一万多公里的巨型铜金锡成矿带,而且绝大多数矿产发育于一系列伸展盆地中,其成矿背景是什么?此外,我们认为开展玻利维亚和大兴安岭南段Sn-Ag成矿系统的对比研究,是推动大兴安岭南段及邻区锡矿找矿取得突破的重要途径。     

海洋潮汐环境下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀机理研究

研究海洋潮汐区侵蚀环境下混凝土中硫酸盐侵蚀机理,对不同配合比混凝土试件在海洋潮汐环境下进行现场暴露试验。同时利用分光光度计法测定不同侵蚀龄期及不同配合比混凝土中硫酸根离子质量分数。试验结果表明：早期海洋暴露环境下,混凝土中总硫酸根离子质量分数随着腐蚀龄期的增加而显著升高,但随着时间增加幅度逐渐降低;混凝土中总硫酸根离子质量分数因水胶比、水泥用量不同而不同;一定比例的矿物掺合料可以有效提高混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

新疆和静县巴音铜矿区地质特征矿床成因及成矿模式

巴音铜矿区位于中天山中段的南缘,伊犁地块东南缘,南临南天山缝合带,处在阿吾拉勒山与那拉提山交会处,属那拉提铜、镍、金成矿带,其地质、构造特征比较复杂,成矿地质条件较为有利。通过分析区域成矿背景及矿区地质特征,总结矿床成因及控矿因素,证实该区矿化分为火山-火山热液型、脉岩型和热液脉型3种类型,就成矿机理而言,这3种矿化的形成有着密切的内在联系,在本质上都与该区晚志留世火山活动密切相关。结合区内各种矿化所占的比重和形成时间的先后顺序,其成因类型可概括为:巴音铜矿为以晚志留世海相火山-火山热液型矿化为主,伴有晚期脉岩矿化,局部受海西早期花岗质岩浆热液叠加、改造的中—低温铜矿床。不同类型矿化的主要控矿因素不同,火山岩型矿化的控矿因素主要为火山活动形式、活动阶段及岩性,同时断裂构造也有一定的控制作用;脉岩型矿化系受岩性和脉体本身(出露部位和规模)控制,较好矿化一般出现于脉岩规模较大者中,或脉岩的局部膨大部位;热液脉型矿化主要受角闪花岗岩体及其接触带控制,局部还受到后期断裂破碎带控制,矿体沿断裂破碎带充填而成。     

Simulated Impacts of Sulfate and Nitrate Aerosol Formation on Surface-Layer Ozone Concentrations in China

The authors quantify the impacts of sulfate and nitrate aerosol formation on surface-layer 03 concentrations over China using the one-way nested-grid capa- bility of the global three-dimensional Goddard Earth Ob- serving System chemical transport model （GEOS-Chem）. Chemical reactions associated with sulfate formation are simulated to generally increase 03 concentrations in China. Over the North China Plain （NCP） and the Si- chuan Basin （SCB）, where simulated sulfate concentra- tions are the largest, ozone concentrations show maximum increases in spring by 1.8 ppbv （3.2%） in the NCP and by 2.6 ppbv （3.7%） in the SCB. On the contrary, nitrate formation is simulated to reduce 03 concentrations by up to 1.0 ppbv in eastern China, with the largest reduc- tions of 1.0 ppbv （1.4%） in summer over the NCE Ac- counting for the formation of both sulfate and nitrate, the surface-layer O3 concentrations over a large fraction of eastern China are simulated to increase in winter, spring, and autumn, dominated by the impact of sulfate forma- tion, but to decrease in summer because of the dominant contribution from nitrate formation.     

碳酸盐型盐湖卤水提钾制备硫酸钾方法探讨

硫酸钾是一种有着广泛应用的工业原料和农业肥料,其生产技术主要是通过海水或卤水中的硫酸盐与氯化钾反应制得。我国盐湖资源和盐类储量极其丰富,这为硫酸钾的制备生产提供了更多途径。但对于不同水化学类型的盐湖,需采取不同的提钾制备硫酸钾工艺路线。在以往盐湖钾盐提取和硫酸钾生产技术研究的基础上,针对碳酸盐型盐湖扎布耶盐湖中钾盐和硫酸钾的提取和制备方案进行了论述及设计,并指出了蒸发结晶法、化学沉淀法和吸附及离子交换法等几种方法在技术上都有其可行性。但在工业生产中可以考虑将这几种方法有机结合,以达到钾的最大富集,降低硫酸钾生产成本,并有利于保护环境。     

高浓硫酸盐溶液中氯离子汞量法的改进

结合标准加入法,对高浓硫酸盐样品中低浓度氯离子测定的经典汞量法进行了改进。实验证实,改进后的汞量法能更好地用于高浓硫酸盐样品中低浓度的氯离子定量测定,具有终点颜色突变明显,测定结果准确可靠,实验操作十分简便,有利于节约实验时间和成本等优点。     

川东北飞仙关组甲烷为主的TSR及其同位素分馏作用

川东北开江-梁平陆棚东北侧飞仙关组多孔鲕粒白云岩中发生了以甲烷为主的热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR),产生高达20%的H₂S;而西南侧鲕粒灰岩以低孔、低H₂S天然气为特征。东北侧白云岩主要发育白云石粒间溶孔或粒间扩大溶孔,这些溶孔可与方解石(δ¹³C=-10‰~-19‰)、储层沥青、元素硫、黄铁矿和石英紧密共生,可分布于片状储层沥青与白云石晶体之间,说明白云石溶解作用发生在沥青形成以后。白云石的溶解作用导致现今天然气以无机CO₂为主,δ¹³C_CO2主要介于-2‰~+2‰之间。这种溶解作用是在酸性条件下,硬石膏或天青石参与下发生的,可能先产生MgSO₄配对离子,而后MgSO₄又与甲烷反应产生H₂S,净增大了孔隙。研究还发现,普光气田及以东天然气的来源不同于河坝和元坝天然气;对普光气田及以东天然气分析显示,甲烷δ¹³C值与残余烃含量 之间存在对数相关关系。这表明TSR过程中,甲烷同位素分馏作用遵从封闭体系下瑞利分馏原理。据此计算显示,渡4井约有15%甲烷被氧化了。