水体铜对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)代谢酶活力的影响

采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究了水环境中添加0·01、0·10、1·00、5·00mg/L的铜(Cu2 )对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺、血淋巴和鳃代谢酶活力的影响。结果表明,随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺和血淋巴的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力和血蓝蛋白均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。鳃钠钾三磷酸腺苷酶(Na ,K -ATPase)、钙镁三磷酸腺苷酶(Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATPase)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力均随着Cu2 浓度的增高而降低。随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)活力呈先减少后增加的变化趋势。水环境中添加0·01mg/L Cu2 就可对中华绒螯蟹代谢酶产生显著影响,并随着Cu2 浓度的增高,对中华绒螯蟹机体的影响逐渐加剧。表明代谢酶活力的变化可以灵敏地反映Cu2 的胁迫程度和毒性。     

东海—图们江水中Zn,Cd,Pb,Cu的形式分析

用防吸附物理涂汞电极反向极谱进行了东海至图们江水中Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ（１９９１年５－６月）的形式分析研究。结果表明，该４种元素不稳定态的平均浓度分别为５．７，０．０６０，０．０３５，０．６２μｇ／Ｌ，分布较为均匀。该结果证实了痕量金属离子（自由离子及不稳定络离子）的均匀分布规律。有机结合态Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ和颗粒态的Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ的较高含量，位于长江口及东海水中。     

铜在海洋食物链中的积累与传递规律的研究

在实验室条件下,研究铜在海水及以扁藻、轮虫、对虾等生物组成的食物链中的积累与传递规律。结果表明,各种海洋生物都能直接从海水中吸收铜,铜可沿着海水→扁藻→轮虫→仔虾传递。文章还探讨了本食物链各环节积累铜的主要途径以及影响生物个体铜的累积量的诸因素。     

Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.     

长江口海域悬浮颗粒物中铜、铅、镉的化学形态及分布特征研究

研究了重金属Cu,Pb,Cd在长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒中各化学形态间的含量,及其在长江内河段—河海混合界面—海区间的各形态间的迁移转化特征。结果表明,长江口海域中重金属以非残渣相为主要存在形式,其中铁锰氧化物为重要的清除载体;以铁锰氧化物和碳酸盐形式存在的重金属含量受水环境盐度和pH控制;通过多元回归计算求得重金属与pH值、盐度(X_s)、悬浮体(X_(s.s))的多元一次方程。     

Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn 对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究

本文采用静水生物试验法测定了Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼(2周龄)的急性毒性。结果表明:Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼24h的LC_(50)分别为0.025,0.31,5.00和3.70 mg/L,48h的LC_(50)分别为0.016,0.24,1.72和2.22mg/L,72h的LC_(50)分别为0.006,0.11,O.56和0.92mg/L,96h的LC_(50)分别为O.004,0.07,0.27和0.44 mg/L。Hg,Cu对真鲷仔鱼的影响极为显著,Zn,Cd的影响虽然很大,但比Hg,Cu低得多。Cd的毒性比Zn强,但毒理作用较为缓慢。4种重金属的毒性顺序为Hg>Cu>Cd>Zn。     

铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究

采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。     

Geology,geochronology, and exploration of the Jiama giant porphyry copper deposit (11 Mt), Tibet,China: A review

Jiama, with more than 11 Mt of copper metal, is the largest porphyry-skarn copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet, China, creating ideal conditions for deciphering the origin of porphyry ores in a collision setting. Despite massive studies of the geology, chronology, petrogenesis, and ore-related fluids and their sources in Jiama, there is a lack of systematic summaries and reviews of this system. In contrast to traditional porphyry copper systems in a subduction setting, recent studies and exploration suggest that the Jiama deposit includes porphyry-type Mo-Cu, skarn-type Cu polymetallic, vein-type Au and manto orebodies. This paper reviews the latest studies on the geology, chronology, petrogenesis, fluid inclusions, and isotopic geochemistry (hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and lead) of the Jiama deposit. Accordingly, a multi-center complex mineralization model was constructed, indicating that multi-phase intrusions from the same magma reservoir can form multiple hydrothermal centers. These centers are mutually independent and form various orebodies or are superimposed on each other and form thick, high-grade orebodies. Finally, a new comprehensive exploration model was established for the Jiama porphyry copper system. Both models established in this study help to refine the theories on continental-collision metallogeny and porphyry copper systems.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Extent and magnitude of copper contamination in marinas of the San Diego region, California, USA

Marinas are areas of special water quality concern because of the potential for pollutant accumulation within their protected waters. Perhaps the largest contaminant source to marinas is antifouling paints that leach copper to prevent the growth of encrusting organisms on vessel bottoms. Very little monitoring of marinas is typically conducted despite the potential environmental risk, particularly in the San Diego region of California, USA where as many as 17,000 recreational vessels are berthed. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) determine the extent and magnitude of dissolved copper concentrations in marinas throughout the San Diego region, and (2) determine if elevated copper concentrations in marinas of the San Diego region are resulting in adverse biological impacts. A probabilistic study design was used to sample water column copper concentrations and toxicity (using Mytilus galloprovincialis) at 30 stations. Results indicated that exceedence of state water quality objectives was widespread (86% of marina area), but that toxicity was much less prevalent (21% of marina area). Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) conducted at the most toxic sites indicated that toxicity was largely due to trace metals, most likely copper. Toxicity was reduced using TIE treatments that chelated trace metals such as cation exchange column, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium thiosulfate (STS). Moreover, increasing dissolved copper concentrations correlated with increasing toxicity and these copper concentrations were high enough to account for virtually all of the observed toxicity.     

Distinguishing between natural and aquaculture-derived sediment concentrations of heavy metals in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia

Marine sediment samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to assess the use of a geochemical normalization technique in the identification of a chemical tracer of aquaculture waste material. Zinc and copper were suggested as tracers of feed pellets, while copper was considered an indicator of anti-foulant agents used on netpen systems. The sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, water, trace-element, and free sulfide concentrations, and sediment grain-size distribution. Sediment texture analysis revealed a wide range of substrate types from sand to silty loam categories. Strong relationships between sediment texture, sediment porosity, and organic content were observed across both near-field and far-field stations. Excess zinc and copper sediment concentrations, identified using a lithium-normalization technique, were restricted to near-field sampling stations (0 and 30m from netpen systems). The relationships between these metal tracers and organic content and sulfur concentrations were explored to account for variations in sediment concentrations of zinc and copper.