The westward lithospheric drift,its role on the subduction and transform zones surrounding Americas:Andean to cordilleran orogenic types cyclicity

We investigate the effect of the westerly rotation of the lithosphere on the active margins that surround the Americas and find good correlations between the inferred easterly-directed mantle counterflow and the main structural grain and kinematics of the Andes and Sandwich arc slabs.In the Andes,the subduction zone is shallow and with low dip,because the mantle flow sustains the slab;the subduction hinge converges relative to the upper plate and generates an uplifting doubly verging orogen.The Sandwich Arc is generated by a westerly-directed SAM(South American) plate subduction where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction zone.In this context,the slab hinge is retreating relative to the upper plate,generating the backarc basin and a low bathymetry single-verging accretionary prism.In Central America,the Caribbean plate presents a more complex scenario:(a) To the East,the Antilles Arc is generated by westerly directed subduction of the SAM plate,where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction zone.(b) To the West,the Middle America Trench and Arc are generated by the easterly-directed subduction of the Cocos plate,where the shallow subduction caused by eastward mantle flow in its northern segment gradually steepens to the southern segment as it is infered by the preexisting westerly-directed subduction of the Caribbean Plateau.In the frame of the westerly lithospheric flow,the subduction of a divergent active ridge plays the role of introducing a change in the oceanic/continental plate's convergence angle,such as in NAM(North American)plate with the collision with the Pacific/Farallon active ridge in the Neogene(Cordilleran orogenic type scenario).The easterly mantle drift sustains strong plate coupling along NAM,showing at Juan de Fuca easterly subducting microplate that the subduction hinge advances relative to the upper plate.This lower/upper plate convergence coupling also applies along strike to the neighbor continental strike slip fault systems where subduction was terminated(San Andreas and Queen Charlotte).The lower/upper plate convergence coupling enables the capture of the continental plate ribbons of Baja California and Yakutat terrane by the Pacific oceanic plate,transporting them along the strike slip fault systems as para-autochthonous terranes.This Cordilleran orogenic type scenario,is also recorded in SAM following the collision with the Aluk/Farallon active ridge in the Paleogene,segmenting SAM margin into the eastwardly subducting Tupac Amaru microplate intercalated between the proto-LiquineOfqui and Atacama strike slip fault systems,where subduction was terminated and para-autochthonous terranes transported.In the Neogene,the convergence of Nazca plate with respect to SAM reinstalls subduction and the present Andean orogenic type scenario.     

深圳市急救血液信息三中心公共卫生项目结构设计

针对深圳市急救血液信息三中心公共卫生项目存在扭转不规则、凹凸不规则、楼板不连续、尺寸突变及其他不规则超限项,对两侧塔楼各自独立抗震与两侧塔楼设置弱连接部位整体抗震进行包络,并对其进行多遇地震、设防地震及罕遇地震作用下抗震性能化设计。计算结果表明:对结构之间的弱连接部位采取楼板加宽、框架梁及框架柱设置型钢等抗震加强措施,构件可满足预定的性能目标要求,结构整体趋于稳定。     

基于弹塑性损伤单元的RC框架结构的全过程分析

基于损伤力学和塑性理论建立了一种弹塑性损伤单元模型,并编制了基于此单元的RC平面框架非线性分析程序DAMAGE2D。算例表明,弹塑性损伤单元对RC框架非线性分析具有良好的精度。文中根据计算结果对RC框架结构进行了不同损伤阶段的划分。研究成果可用于基于pushover方法的结构抗震分析。     

Structural design of buried pipelines for severe earthquakes

In order to realistically assess the seismic risk of a pipeline system, the accurate estimate of the pipe strains which depend upon structural details, pipe material, properties of the surrounding soil, the nature of the propagating wave, etc. is critical. Emphasis in this study, therefore has been placed on the analysis of a structural strain for several types of piping elements unique to the buried pipeline and also the provision of a simplified design formula which can be used practically. The purpose of this study is (a) to define the slippage factor in order to estimate the decrease in pipe strain resulting from the slippage effect, (b) to propose a simplified method to evaluate the plastic deformation of the pipeline for severe earthquakes, and (c) to derive a practical design formula for the structural strains of bent pipes.     

对竖直多排桩基荷载公式的探讨

通过对承台桩、土共同作用的线弹性桩基荷载法与桩基荷载的简化法的比较，提出了简化法的修正公式，并通过算例验证了该公式。     

Inelastic earthquake response of single‐story asymmetric buildings: an assessment of simplified shear‐beam models

The inelastic seismic torsional response of simple structures is examined by means of shear‐beam type models as well as with plastic hinge idealization of one‐story buildings. Using mean values of ductility factors, obtained for groups of ten earthquake motions, as the basic index of post‐elastic response, the following topics are examined with the shear‐beam type model: mass eccentric versus stiffness eccentric systems, effects of different types of motions and effects of double eccentricities. Subsequently, comparisons are made with results obtained using a more realistic, plastic hinge type model of single‐story reinforced concrete frame buildings designed according to a modern Code. The consequences of designing for different levels of accidental eccentricity are also examined for the aforementioned frame buildings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of column axial force – bending moment interaction on inelastic seismic response of steel frames

It is well known that axial force – bending moment interaction (N–M interaction) affects to a large extent the cyclic inelastic behaviour of structural elements, especially columns in framed structures, with reduction in bending capacity and loss of available ductility. A few studies have also shown that significant inelastic axial shortening affects the response of column elements subjected to medium–high levels of axial loads and cyclic bending. This paper is primarily aimed at evaluating the effects of column N–M interaction on the inelastic seismic response of steel frames. By considering the contemporaneous action of vertical loads, due to gravity, and of horizontal seismic excitation, it is shown that the progressive axial shortening of adjacent columns may differ substantially, thus inducing significant relative settlements at the ends of the connecting beams and, then, remarkable amplifications in beam plastic rotations. An evaluation of additional beam plastic rotations induced by column N–M interaction is carried out for real structures by investigating the inelastic response of steel frames designed according to European standards under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

历史舆图与现代空间信息技术在大运河遗产判别中的运用——以大运河明清清口枢纽为例

对运河遗产进行判别与登录,是大运河遗产保护的基础性工作。对运河遗产基本特征与演变规律的揭示,则是深入认识运河遗产的根本要求。历史舆图直观地反映了古代运河及其沿河的自然环境与人文景观,对研究各历史时期的运河具有重要的参考价值。但由于历史时代的限制,历史舆图在表达位置、距离、形状等地理空间要素时准确性较差,给大运河遗产的判别工作带来了困难。历史舆图与现代空间信息技术结合是解决这一问题的重要途径。通过"舆图新绘"的方式对区域时空演变过程进行复原,从而直观地揭示出运河遗产的本质特征与演变规律,为运河遗产判别提供依据。并且,同步集成的历史地理信息与现状遗存信息数据库也为运河遗产的评估、保护与管理等后续工作提供了坚实的工作平台与数据基础。     

Implications of seismic pounding on the longitudinal response of multi-span bridges - an analytical perspective

Seismic pounding between adjacent frames in multiple-frame bridges and girder ends in multi-span simply supported bridges has been commonly observed in several recent earthquakes. The consequences of pounding include damage to piers, abutments, shear keys, bearings and restrainers, and possible collapse of deck spans. This paper investigates pounding in bridges from an analytical perspective. A simplified nonlinear model of a multiple-frame bridge is developed including the effects of inelastic frame action and nonlinear hinge behavior, to study the seismic response to longitudinal ground motion. Pounding is implemented using the contact force-based Kelvin model, as well as the momentum-based stereomechanical approach. Parameter studies are conducted to determine the effects of frame period ratio, column hysteretic behavior, energy dissipation during impact and near source ground motions on the pounding response of the bridge. The results indicate that pounding is most critical for highly out-of-phase frames and is not significant for frame period ratios greater than 0.7. Impact models without energy dissipation overestimate the displacement and acceleration amplifications due to impact, especially for elastic behavior of the frames. Representation of stiffness degradation in bridge columns is cssential in capturing the accurate response of pounding frames subjected to far field ground motion. Finally, it is shown that strength degradation and pounding can result in significant damage to the stiffer frames of the bridge when subjected to large acceleration pulses from near field ground motion records.     

再议走滑断裂与地震孕育和发生条件

走滑断裂是与大地震关系最紧密的活动断裂带。研究走滑断裂带上大地震是如何孕育和发生的是地震学家们极为关心的问题。构造地质学研究表明,走滑断裂是一个复杂的构造系统,反映了在剪切作用下产生的各类变形组合。文中立足于国内外不同走滑断裂带实例,对连续或不连续走滑断裂的几何学、运动学和演化过程进行了研究和总结;分析了走滑断裂的枢纽作用,发现枢纽轴部强烈挤压,形成闭锁,应力在此集中,应变在此局部化,地震在此成核和孕育。当闭锁的枢纽轴被突破时,沿走滑断裂发生失稳错动,产生突发性大位移,伴随大地震发生。而在不连续走滑断裂不同性质的阶区,则遵循其相应的应力场和破裂机制孕育和发生相应规模和类型的地震。