新生代以来中国大陆岩石圈尺度的大地构造分区

基于大陆根柱构造概念，讨论了新生代以来大陆岩石圈尺度的大地构造分枢，地壳浅部主要表现为３种形态，即西部挤压造山带、东部大陆裂谷带和中部克拉通块体群，它们分别对应山根与造山岩石圈根、地幔热柱和大陆（岩石圈）根，认为浅部构造开矿对对壳幔深部构造的一种响应，简述了地于岩石圈度的３个大地构造单元的软流圈     

中国东北地区赋煤构造单元与控煤特征

中国东北地区赋煤构造是在太平洋地球动力学体系影响下形成的一系列NE—NNE向断陷盆地,目前对本区赋煤构造单元划分尚未形成统一认识。根据东北地区含煤岩系赋存特征,将东北赋煤构造单元划分为三级体系,即：东北赋煤构造区—3个赋煤构造亚区—11个赋煤构造带。以地球动力学理论为基础,以构造控煤特征为研究主线,探讨了三级赋煤构造单元的基本控煤特征。该项研究对煤炭资源评价和勘查具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of soil physical properties of long-used cultivated lands as a deriving indicator of soil degradation,north Ethiopia

Soil degradation causes low land productivity. To tackle soil degradation, soil management practices have been implemented in the study area. However, less attention has been given to the management of physical soil quality. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate soil physical properties of long-used cultivated lands. Twelve Land Mapping Units (LMUs) were identified by overlaying slope and soil maps. Twelve composite and 12 undisturbed soil samples were collected from the 12 LMUs, and soil physical properties analyzed. Soil bulk density varied from 1.22 g cm^?3 in LMU3 to 1.68 g cm^?3 in LMU4. Available water capacity ranged from 0.09 in LMU4 to 0.17 in LMU3. Stability index (SI) values ranged from a low of 3.58 at LUM10 to 62.5 at LMU3; stability quotient (SQ) values ranged from 79.4 at LMU9 to 2782.8 at LUM3. Highest and lowest soil crust index values were found to be 1.53 in LMU5 and 0.29 in LMU9. This study indicated that poor soil management practice in the study area has caused soil physical degradation. Therefore, this study provides insight into improved land management of long-used cultivated land in the semi-arid region of the study area and other similar environments.     

伽马能谱测量在侵入体岩石谱系单位填图中的应用

在１∶５万区域地质填图中,可利用γ能谱测量仪在现场测定各类侵入岩的Ｕ、Ｔｈ、Ｋ含量,Ｕ／Ｔｈ、Ｋ／Ｔｈ、Ｕ／Ｋ比值和γ照射量率等参数。通过对地面γ能谱测量资料与区域地质特征的综合分析,将攀枝花地区侵入体划分为１９个单元、６个超单元及一个超单元组合。还确认了色腰和矮郎河花岗岩为印支期,花滩花岗岩和同德闪长岩均为太古代古陆核的组成部分。     

地勘单位企业化改制战略初探

本文在分析地勘单位改革现状的基础上,指出了地勘单位向企业化转变中的矛盾和问题,提出了实施企业化改制的战略目标及战略对策。     

Discrete-element numerical modelling method for studying mechanical response of methane-hydrate-bearing specimens

Abstract

It is important to understand the deformation mechanism of methane-hydrate specimens (MHSs) to avoid deforming the seabed during methane-hydrate production. For this purpose, discrete-element method (DEM) modelling is advantageous because it requires much less cost and effort compared to artificial specimens and in situ sediments. In this study, a method for generating DEM numerical simulation models of MHSs is proposed to study the deformation mechanism of MHSs. First, numerical models that consider the saturation of methane hydrate (S_MH), following which the bi-axial compression of these models is simulated. The mechanisms controlling the shear strength of MHSs are verified and modified by investigating the stress–strain response behavior, crack-development process, and evolution of the void change rate (E_change) of MHSs. The increases of the peak strength and secant elastic modulus of the MHS with the increment of confining pressure follow parabolic relationships. Under different loading rates, the peak strength tends to increase parabolically with the increment of loading rate, while the relationship between the secant elastic modulus and loading rate is linear. Based on the testing results, empirical formulas of peak stress and elastic modulus are proposed for different confining-pressure and strain-rate conditions.     

桩坑附近桩靴二次就位过程中滑移载荷研究

自升式平台在遗留桩坑附近就位时,桩靴的滑移风险对于平台结构安全具有重大威胁。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法,建立了遗留桩坑附近插桩过程的有限元模型,对加载速率和网格密度等进行参数分析,确定了合理的模型参数,并进一步研究了相关参数的影响规律。结果表明,滑移载荷产生的主要原因在于桩靴贯入过程中土体破坏面的不对称;峰值滑移载荷随桩坑坡度、深度和直径的增大而增大;减小桩靴底面坡度可以有效减小桩靴上的滑移载荷。研究揭示了桩坑和桩靴几何参数对滑移载荷的影响机制及其规律,对于深刻认识"踩脚印"问题和有效指导桩坑附近二次就位作业具有科学意义。     

论大别造山带中“罗田片麻岩杂岩”的构造属性

罗田片麻岩杂岩位于大别造山带腹地，东、西大别变质带之间，面积约６０００ｋｍ２。主要由一套花岗片麻岩系组成。它们经历过早期高角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质和晚期低角闪岩相叠加变质。该杂岩的原始建造以古老变质变形侵入体为主，与其周边构造变质单元的原始建造迥然不同，后者皆为沉积型或火山－沉积型原始建造。罗田片麻岩杂岩与其周边环境的地质特征不一致，是个造山带规模的外来变质地体。其下存在广泛的低密度岩层，相当于混合岩化或花岗岩化的硅铝质岩系。罗田片麻岩杂岩是华南、华北陆块碰撞期间，可能曾经存在的古岛弧深成岩系发生深变质强变形，并在仰冲机制作用下，于　地壳深层次拼贴到高压／超高压碰撞混杂岩之上的，具有推覆体属性的构造岩片。     

尖晶石晶体生长机理的科学计算研究

建立尖晶石晶体生长基元的数学模型，讨论了尖晶石晶体的生长机理。     

TTS系统中基于双音素的基元选择方法

为寻求能较好解决音节内和音节间的协同发音单元方案,提出了采用类似英文文语转换系统中使用的双音素作为合成单元方案,并根据普通话语音中只包含410个全音节特点,进一步完善了双音素在汉语中的应用。试验结果表明,该方案包含了连续语流中的所有过渡音征,使合成语音转接流畅、自然。