Inertial and hydrodynamic inertial loads on floating units

The analysis of the dynamic behavior of floating units usually employs a coordinate system with origin in the unit's center of gravity, which significantly simplifies the global mass matrix. Hydrodynamic coefficients are then computed considering the same coordinate system. However, to analyze other conditions of mass distribution and maintain the simplicity of a global mass matrix, it is necessary to determine again the hydrodynamic coefficients, thereby reducing the efficiency of the entire process. Another important point is that the geometries frequently used in floating units are such that the cross-terms of an added mass are relatively unimportant when compared with the main terms, and it is, therefore, common to use only some of them to analyze the unit's dynamic behavior. Recently, however, in the search for production systems suitable for water depths greater than 3000 m, other geometries have been considered in technical and economic feasibility studies. It is possible that for these new geometries all terms of the added mass matrix must be included in the analysis. This paper presents the full development used to determine the complete global mass matrix, the inertial and hydrodynamic inertial loads that make use of the added mass matrices considering any coordinate system and the six degrees of freedom, including all cross-terms.     

青藏高原地壳密度变形带及构造分区

将区域重力场多尺度刻痕分析用于提取青藏高原地壳变形带的信息,可了解高原内地壳变形带从浅到深的变化和平面分布特征,并对青藏高原主要地体的空间分布定位,为岩石圈研究提供地表地质难以取得的新信息.多尺度脊形化系数的图像刻划不同深度平面上的地壳变形带.青藏高原地壳变形带从上到下由细密逐渐变为粗稀型,而且细密型变形区分布的范围逐渐缩小,到下地壳完全消失.从这种情况可以推测,以垂直地面方向上看,地壳变形带应该是树形的,下地壳粗稀型的变形带为树的主干,而中地壳粗稀型的变形带为树的分枝,上地壳的变形带为树枝的小枝杈.上地壳细密型变形分布区反映了与中新生代地壳缩短变形区的范围,下地壳清晰连续的变形带反映了青藏高原的构造骨架.多尺度边界刻痕系数的图像刻画不同深度平面上的地体边界,下地壳的刻痕边界系数与密度剧烈变化带位置吻合;因此,由多尺度刻痕分析划分地体时同时取得地体密度信息.青藏高原内密度较高的地体包括喜马拉雅地体、克什米亚地体、察隅河地体、柴达木地体、巴颜喀拉地体和羌塘地体.柴达木地体、巴颜喀拉地体和羌塘地体是青藏高原中有壳根的核,而密度最高的克什米亚和察隅河地体在大陆碰撞时不易碎裂,对东西两个构造结的形成起了关键作用.     

柴北缘的大地构造演化及其地质事件群

柴达木盆地北缘及邻区包括六个二级构造单元:中南祁连地块(宗务隆天山期裂陷槽)、欧龙布鲁克微陆块、柴北缘祁连期结合带、柴达木地块、东昆仑晚天山-印支期结合带(东昆北岩浆弧)和西秦岭结合带.其中柴北缘及邻区的大地构造演化,经历了前寒武纪基底成生与演化、祁连期洋-陆转化、天山-印支期板内变形和中新生代陆相盆地演化-高原隆升等四个阶段.本文在论述各个演化阶段的沉积事件、岩浆活动、变质作用、构造形迹和成矿作用等地质事件群的基础上,对柴北缘的变质基底、全球大地构造对比和显生宙花岗岩等重大基础地质问题进行了讨论.     

百58井区地震数据高分辨率成像与断裂带构造特征

准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区百58井区是一个被多条断裂切割的复杂断块区,地层倾角变化大;现有的三维地震资料成果剖面上地震波组连续性差,断裂带附近资料成像模糊,地层接触关系不清楚,很难进行精细构造解释。为获得研究区沉积盖层精细结构,在详细分析原始地震资料特点和存在问题的基础上,有针对性地采用叠前多域去噪和非线性叠前时间偏移等多种处理技术,对已有的三维地震资料进行了高分辨率精细成像处理。新的成果剖面揭示出该区百－乌断裂带发育特征、空间展布及平面组合关系。根据地层厚度、构造特征、地震反射波组特征等,划分该区地层为二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系－白垩系三大构造层,以三大构造层不同的构造特征为依据确定了研究区分为西部推覆构造带、中部断阶构造带和东部斜坡构造带3个构造单元。     

Textural segmentation of digital rock images into bedding units using texture energy and cluster labels

The texture of digital rock images, as recorded, for instance, with borehole imaging devices, is shown to reflect different bedding types. Textural segmentation of borehole images, therefore, subdivides the recorded sequence into bedding units. We show that a textural segmentation algorithm based on the concept of texture energy achieves good results when compared with synthetic as well as real data in which petroleum geologists have performed zonations on cores. Texture energy involves filtering of the original image with a set of texture sensitive masks. The filtering is done as a finite convolution over the size of the masks. On the resulting images the variance is computed over a relatively large sliding window, which, in its practical implementation, covers the full width of the image. The resulting nine one-dimensional curves are then clustered hierarchically into a user-determined number of image texture or lithological bedding classes. Principal component analysis previous to clustering can be used to reduce redundancy in the data. A recurring and relatively ill-defined problem in this field are macro-textures, i.e., the cyclic interbedding of two or more bedding types. We show that sliding Fourier transforms and variable mask scale can successfully address the zonation of macro-textures. In general, the method gives best results with mask sizes equivalent to 2–4 centimeters, reflecting the length scale at which the investigated geological bedding seems to have its highest variation.     

利用GPU实现基于物理模型的流体运动仿真

纳维-斯托克斯方程是描述流体运动的基础物理模型。首先简要介绍了在计算机上实现该模型的数值解算方法。在流体运动的计算机视觉仿真中,密度渲染才是最终结果,因此,又阐述了流体的密度场与速度场的关系,并且给出了流体仿真的基本流程。由于可编程图形处理器(GPU)具有并行性和速度快等特点,流体模拟的解算和渲染在图形处理器上运行更加高效,但是利用GPU编程实现流体仿真必须要实现3个核心转换,最后以支持3维纹理的Direct3D10为例,给出了利用GPU实现流体运动仿真两个简单实例。     

中国奥陶纪地理区划纲要

根据区域构造、古地理和地层资料,中国奥陶纪的诸多板块、地体和活动带应分属11个地理区。文章重点研究了各地理区的边界。这些相邻的地理区块在奥陶纪曾处于远距离分离状态,除华北区南界和华南区北界明显由同期秦岭活动带限定之外,地理区的界线大多只能沿发生在奥陶纪之后的构造拼贴结合带划定,只有塔里木区北界和北疆区南界,得以通过追索代表曾在奥陶纪时段内发育于塔里木板块/哈萨克斯坦中间板块/西伯利亚板块之间的局限洋盆或深海盆地遗迹（即残留缝合带）来予以确定。中国大陆的最终形成经历了从晚石炭世至新生代的长期地质演化过程,主要包括活动带的消减以及板块和地体的漂移、增生与会聚。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.     

地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策

本文概述了地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策，内容包括地震文献资源概况、地震文献资源的调查分析、地震系统文献资源建设中存在的主要问题以及地震文献资源建设发展对策。     

地勘单位推行ISO质量管理体系的探讨

近年来,山东省煤田地质局在推行ISO质量管理体系中,取得了一定成效,但也存在体系运行与现状不同步及执行体系程序标准不严格等问题。根据问题产生的原因,要保证质量管理体系发挥应有的作用,领导层要进一步提高认识,注重抓基层、抓基础、抓基本的“三基”工作,加大内审的频率和力度,建设高水平的内审员队伍和加强对职工的培训。