新疆准噶尔北缘托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床矽卡岩和磁铁矿矿物学特征及其地质意义

托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床赋存于中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩与闪长(玢)岩的接触带中,矿体呈脉状、透镜状,矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩.本文分别利用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),对托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿附近的石榴子石、辉石、绿帘石的化学组分及磁铁矿的主量及微量元素开展研究.结果表明:矽卡岩矿物中石榴子石端员组分以钙铝榴石一钙铁榴石系列为主,辉石端员组分以透辉石为主,绿帘石化学成分富铁富钙,这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩具有钙矽卡岩特征.矽卡岩是由岩浆热液流体交代北塔山组基性火山岩而形成的,磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关.在石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段形成铜和金矿化.     

东天山黑峰山、双峰山及沙泉子(铜)铁矿床的矿物微量和稀土元素地球化学特征

东天山黑峰山铁矿床、双峰山铁矿床以及沙泉子铜铁矿床位于新疆哈密盆地以南,是东天山阿齐山-雅满苏构造带的重要矿床。文章利用磁铁矿、黄铁矿和方解石的微量元素及稀土元素组成示踪了这些矿床的成矿流体来源和性质,初步探讨了矿床的成因类型。激光剥蚀（LA）-ICP-MS磁铁矿微量元素分析表明,三个矿床的磁铁矿具有非常低的w（V）、w（Cr）和w（Ti）（平均分别为68×10^-6、13×10^-6和237×10^-6）,指示磁铁矿形成于热液过程而不是岩浆分异。黄铁矿中较高的Cu含量可能反映了含Cu矿物微颗粒的存在。黄铁矿中较低的Pb、Zn含量可能反映了成矿流体中较低的Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺浓度。黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值表明这些矿床均为火山-热液成因。三个矿床黄铁矿的稀土元素总量都很低（ΣREE为0.58×10^-6~3.02×10^-6）,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿轻、重稀土元素分馏不明显,双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿均为轻稀土元素富集型,（La/Yb）_N分别为3.51~13.4和2.76~17.2。三个矿床略有差别的方解石稀土元素配分模式,反映了其流体组成和形成机制的差别。黑峰山铁矿中的重稀土元素富集型的方解石稀土元素配分模式为方解石Sm-Nd定年提供了依据。三个矿床的黄铁矿和方解石均无Ce异常,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为负Eu异常,而双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为正Eu异常,反映了三个矿床均形成于较高的温度,前者成矿流体可能为碱性,后两者成矿流体为酸性、还原性。结合前人研究成果认为,黑峰山铁矿、双峰山铁矿及沙泉子铜铁矿均为火山热液-充填（交代）矿床。     

绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻进技术在利比里亚邦山铁矿详查中的应用与探索

绳索取心液动锤技术集绳索取心技术与液动潜孔锤技术优势于一体,可比普通绳索取心钻进提高纯钻速30%～150%,在坚硬、脆性、“打滑”地层中钻进效果更为明显。介绍了绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻进技术在利比里亚邦州邦山铁矿详查中的应用情况,并对其应用效果进行了分析讨论。     

冀南邯邢地区白涧和西石门夕卡岩型铁矿磁铁矿成因矿物学研究

对邯邢地区典型夕卡岩型铁矿床白涧铁矿和西石门铁矿中不同产状的磁铁矿的成分、热电性、爆裂温度及O同位素进行了详细的成因矿物学研究。研究发现：层间矿体具有低Ti、∑REE、爆裂温度、δ18O的特征,热电性系数较小但变化范围大;接触带矿体为高Ti、∑REE、爆裂温度、δ18O的特征,热电性系数较大,变化范围小。白涧铁矿层间矿和西石门铁矿中磁铁矿的REE表现出Eu的正异常,而白涧铁矿接触带矿为负异常。白涧铁矿磁铁矿中单层矿体热电性系数具有中部小、顶底大的特征。综合磁铁矿的成因矿物学研究,以热电性的空间变化规律为基础,建立了该区夕卡岩型铁矿的成因和找矿模型。     

The relation between electric and redox potential: evidence from laboratory and field measurements

In field and laboratory experiments the relationship of redox, electric, and total potential was studied. This was carried out by using different arrangements of Pt and Ag/AgCl electrodes. The total potential is obtained by placing a Pt and an Ag/AgCl electrode at considerable distance apart on the rock. The studies indicate that the total potential yields the sum of redox and electric potential. Deviations larger than a couple of mV are caused by extensive fluid–rock interactions. In the laboratory it is seen that the magnitude of the electric potential is generally not larger than the artificially produced difference of the redox potential. The former is most likely attributed to a diffusion or membrane potential. At field scale the electric potential is designated as self potential. Redox potential measurements in the field may supply information from remnants of pore fluid of the rock and thereby may be suitable to support the exploration of concealed metal deposits. Detectable are in particular the fast H⁺ ions which are released by electrochemical reactions and transported by electromigration, both of which are attributed to the presence of the so called geobattery.     

赤铁矿与磁铁矿混合比例对磁性参数的影响

本文通过将磁铁矿与赤铁矿进行人工混合,其中磁铁矿含量固定为0.3%,而赤铁矿含量则变化于0%～9%,并根据磁铁矿颗粒大小分为两个系列(纳米级磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列1;假单畴磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列2),探讨了磁性参数对上述磁性矿物混合比例的响应关系,结果显示:退磁参数S比值和Hcr/Hc不仅与磁铁矿和赤铁矿混合比例相关,同时也受到磁铁矿颗粒大小的影响,对于系列1而言,S比值对赤铁矿含量小于2%的混合样品较敏感,随着赤铁矿含量增加显著下降;Hcr/Hc则在赤铁矿含量大于3%时变化较大,通常用于指示亚铁磁性矿物颗粒大小的参数XARM/X与XARM/SIRM,也受到磁铁矿与赤铁矿混合比例的影响,对于磁铁矿颗粒较细的系列1而言,当赤铁矿含量小于3%时,XARM/SIRM随着赤铁矿含量增加存在较为显著的下降现象,上述结果表明,当使用磁性参数进行环境解释时,需要同时考虑磁性矿物颗粒大小以及不同矫顽力矿物混合比例的影响,特别是磁铁矿以超顺磁颗粒为主的样品.     

Secondary remanent magnetization carried by magnetite inclusions in silicates: a comparative study of unremagnetized and remagnetized granites

Magnetic carriers in remagnetized Cretaceous granitic rocks of northeast Japan were studied using paleomagnetism, rock magnetism, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by comparison with unremagnetized granitic rocks. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of the remagnetized rocks is strong (0.3–1.7 A/m) and shows a northwesterly direction with moderate inclination (NW remanence), whereas the unremagnetized rocks preserve weak NRM (<0.5 A/m) with westerly and shallow direction (W remanence). Although thermal demagnetization shows that both NRMs are carried by magnetite, the remagnetized rocks reveal a higher coercivity with respect to alternating field demagnetization (20 mT相似文献   

The causes of low-temperature demagnetization of remanence in multidomain magnetite

In this paper, the mechanisms of low-temperature demagnetization of remanence in multidomain magnetite are considered. New experimental observations of the behaviour of the saturation isothermal remanence, thermoremanence and partial thermoremanence at low temperatures are presented. The results show that there are two main contributions to this low-temperature demagnetization. The first and predominant contribution (type-1 demagnetization) is due to 'kinematic' domain state reorganization and occurs throughout cooling from room temperature to the Verwey transition, T _v , at 120–124  K. The second contribution arises from the change in anisotropy from cubic to monoclinic at T _v , which changes the overall domain structure of the grain. On warming in zero field, some domain walls will not return to their original positions but will take up a position that leads to a lower net remanence (type-2 demagnetization). In stoichiometric magnetite, demagnetization does not occur at 130  K at the isotropic point, T _k , contrary to some previous predictions. In non-stoichiometric magnetite, the influence of the Verwey transition is greatly reduced, and anomalous behaviour is observed at T _k .     

Coercive force of single crystals of magnetite at low temperatures

The temperature dependence of coercive force H _c was studied on well-characterized and stoichiometric millimetre-sized single crystals of magnetite at a series of 16 temperatures from 300 to 10 K using a SQUID magnetometer. H _c decreases gradually with cooling to the isotropic temperature, T _i = 130 K, where the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K ₁ becomes zero. H _c exhibits a sharp increase at the Verwey transition, T _v = 120 K, where the structure changes from cubic to monoclinic. In crossing the Verwey transition, H _c increases by more than two orders of magnitude, from 20 μT to 2.4 mT, and the shape of the hysteresis loops becomes wasp-waisted.
Observed coercivity between 300 K and 170 K varies with temperature as λ _s / M _s , where λ _s is the magnetostriction constant and M _s is the saturation magnetization, indicating that the coercivity in MD magnetite is controlled mainly by internal stress associated with dislocations or other crystal defects. It seems likely that the stable single-domain-like magnetic memory observed in large MD magnetite crystals is due to magnetoelastically pinned domain walls. The discontinuous change in H _c at the Verwey transition is controlled by abrupt changes in magnetocrystalline and magnetostriction constants due to crystal deformation from cubic to monoclinic structure.     

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田富钴硫化物中钴的地球化学特征及其地质意义

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田白草矿区发育富钴硫化物矿物,关于其成因和形成环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文采用矿物学、矿物化学、地球化学等方法对其进行系统研究。矿石中主要富钴硫化物为磁黄铁矿（Po）、黄铁矿（Py）、镍黄铁矿（Pn）、硫钴镍矿（Se）。磁黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.21%、0.42%,Co/Ni平均值为1.10;黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.18%、0.29%,Co/Ni平均值为0.77;镍黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为2.67%、34.30%,Ni/Fe平均值为1.08、S/Fe平均值为1.91、M/S^#平均值为1.13;硫钴镍矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为24.30%、22.90%,Co/Ni平均值为1.06。根据Po-Py矿物温度计,白草矿区富钴硫化物结晶温度在267~490℃之间,表明其形成于中高温的条件。通过与地幔包体镍黄铁矿S/Fe、M/S^#特征值的对比,结合磁黄铁矿具有陨硫铁（Tr）同质多象晶体的特征,认为白草矿区硫化物具有地幔源的特征,说明成矿物质来源于地幔。白草矿区钴地球化学特征研究表明,在硫化物熔体分离过程中,钴迁移至单硫化物固溶体形成Po-Py固溶体,再由Po-Py固溶体中迁移至Pn、Se,形成了Se、Pn、Po-Py、Ccp（黄铜矿）中Co质量分数依次递减的现象。