钻井液类型对南极冰层取心钻进工作的影响

钻井液的类型与性能对于提高极地冰层取心钻进的效率与保证钻孔稳定性具有重要的影响。在分析铠装电动机械钻具工作原理与钻井液循环方式的基础上,较为详细地分析了升降钻具的速度与钻井液粘度与密度之间的关系;分析了现有钻井液类型和所存在的问题;以二元脂肪酸二醇酯、低分子量饱和脂肪酸酯与甲基硅油的试验测试数据为基础,确定了可用于极地冰层取心钻进的钻井液类型及其性能要求。     

pH值对适于页岩气储层的SDBS压裂液性能的影响研究

在低渗、低孔隙率页岩气储层压裂改造过程中,压裂液体系的pH值直接影响地层中的造缝、稳缝效果。pH值对阴离子表面活性剂压裂液的粘度、表面张力和页岩膨胀抑制性影响很大。通过改变阴离子表面活性剂的浓度,测定了在不同pH值条件下压裂液体系基本性能的变化。研究表明：SDBS压裂液体系的粘度随着pH值的增加先增大后减小,在pH值=9时达到最大;体系在pH值=5时降低体系表面张力的能力最好;页岩的膨胀量随着pH值的增大逐渐增大,在pH=7时膨胀量最大,且随着pH值的进一步增大,页岩膨胀量先减小后增大,在pH值=9时膨胀量最小;当体系的pH值一定时,SDBS在临界胶束浓度状态能够最大程度抑制页岩的膨胀。从化学微观角度上分析了pH值对SDBS压裂液性能的影响,有利于SDBS压裂液体系配方优化。     

MBM-GTQ盐水冲洗液体系的研究与应用

盐水条件下配制出性能稳定且能维护孔壁稳定的冲洗液一直是困扰着新疆戈壁区域钻探施工的一个难题。通过冲洗液材料选型和在不同工区的试验研究,最终确定了MBM-GTQ盐水冲洗液体系配制与使用维护方案,并在新疆若羌县坡北铜镍矿强蚀变地层深孔施工和事故处理中取得了良好的应用效果。实践证明,MBM-GTQ盐水冲洗液体系是适合新疆若羌县坡北铜镍矿破碎蚀变地层的有效方案。     

聚炳烯酰胺无固相冲洗液在复杂地层中的应用研究

根据多年对聚丙烯酰胺无固相冲洗液钻进技术在地质岩心钻探中的应用情况,进一步分析聚丙烯酰胺无固相冲洗液钻进所具有的技术优势,以及如何发挥其优势,利用聚丙烯酰胺无固相冲洗液钻进水敏地层及其它复杂地层,解决难以钻进的问题。同时,为进一步完善、选择适宜的钻井冲洗液提供一些可供借鉴的建议,使该技术的快速发展和地质岩心钻探钻进技术全面提高。     

绳索取心钻进技术在松散盐岩地层中的应用探讨

地质岩心钻探中,岩心采取率一直是地质找矿、地学科研工作者重点关注的对象,也是岩心钻探重要的考核指标。传统的钻探取心方法在松散、软弱、含盐地层,特别是含易溶盐地层的取心质量不佳;绳索取心钻探在完整地层取心效果较为理想,同时可大大提高劳动生产率、降低劳动强度,而对于松散、软弱地层,其取心难度比起传统钻探有时更为复杂。通过柴达木盆地达布逊干盐湖科学钻探工程,对钻遇的地表层、松散地层如何采取技术方法提高岩心采取率进行了探索和研究。实践证明,通过改善冲洗液性能、改进取心卡簧特性及钻头出水方式3个方面技术措施,可大大提高绳索取心钻进在松散、软弱、弱固结、含盐地层的岩心采取率,由改进前的平均30%提高为平均96%。     

高模数水玻璃钾基抑制冲洗液在蠕变坍塌地层中的应用

在青海埃坑南矿区钻遇含角砾石的断层泥地层,孔壁坍塌、掉块,卡钻事故时有发生,几乎无法继续钻进,使用水玻璃与相关钻井液处理剂配合使用制备水玻璃钾基抑制冲洗液,用来平衡地层压力保护孔壁,并且加大金刚石钻头及扩孔器外径,解决了钻孔坍塌、缩径以及卡钻等问题,使施工顺利进行,为后续施工提供了参考方法。     

内蒙古塔木素地区砂岩型铀矿床热活动与铀矿化之间关系

巴音戈壁盆塔木素地区砂岩型铀矿目的层普遍固结,矿体多层但连续性差,分布不规律,后生改造特征明显。本文通过野外露头调查、岩芯观察和微观分析,发现该地区普遍发育穿层脉状石膏或方解石、热液金属硫化物矿物、矿物重结晶与新生胶结物等,出现硫酸盐-金属硫化物共生矿物和S同位素分馏,指示存在后生热流体活动。通过对矿体、矿石特征及铀矿物成因的分析,初步认为热改造对成矿控制主要发生在层间氧化作用后期,温度升高造成碳酸钙和硫酸钙沉淀、重结晶,破坏含矿溶液中碳酸铀酰络合物的平衡,造成U的沉淀,促使铀矿化进一步富集。     

Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics of the Saishitang Cu-polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province, China

Saishitang Cu-polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast section of Late Paleozoic arcfold in the southeastern margin of Qaidam platform. Accoring to the geological process of the deposit,four mineralization episodes were identified: melt/fluid coexisting period(O),skarn period(A),first sulfide period(B) and second sulfide period(C),and 10 stages were finally subdivided. Three types of inclusions were classified in seven stages,namely crystal bearing inclusions(type I),aqueous inclusions(type II) and pure liquid inclusions(type III). Type I and II inclusions were observed in stage O1,having homogenization temperature from 252 to 431°C,and salinities ranging from 24.3% to 48.0%. Type I inclusion was present in stage A1,having homogenization temperature from 506 to 548°C,and salinities ranging from 39.4% to 44.6%. In stage B1,type II and III inclusions were observed,with homogenization temperature concentrating between 300–400°C,and salinities from 0.4% to 4.3%. Type II inclusions were present in stage B2,with homogenization temperature varying from 403 to 550°C. In stage C1,type I and II inclusion commonly coexisted,and constituted a boiling inclusion group,having homogenization temperatures at 187–463°C,and salinities in a range of 29.4%–46.8% and 2.2%–11.0%. Type II and III inclusions were developed in stage C2,having homogenization temperature at 124–350°C,and salinities ranging between 1.6% and 15.4%. In stage C3,type II and III inclusions were presented,with a homogenization temperature range of 164–360°C,and salinities varying from 4.0% to 11.0%. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that fluids are characterized by high temperature and high salinity in stage O1 and A1,and experienced slight decrease in temperature and dramatic decrease in salinity in stage B1 and B2. In stage C1,the salinity of fluid increased greatly and a further decrease of temperature and salinity occurred in stage C2 and C3. Fluids boiled in stage C1. With calculated pressure of 22 MPa from the trapping temperature of 284–289°C,a mineralization depth of 2.2 km was inferred. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show high density of H2 O,CH4 and CO2 were found as gas composition. H-O isotope study indicates the oreforming fluids were the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. Physicochemical parameters of fluids show oxygen and sulfur fugacity experienced a decrease,and redox state is weakly reducing. Along with fluid evolution,oxidation has increased slightly. Comprehensive analysis shows that melt exsolution occurred during the formation of quartz diorite and that metal elements existed and migrated in the form of chlorine complex. Immiscible fluid separation and boiling widely occurred after addition of new fluids,bringing about dissociation of chlorine-complex,resulting in a great deal of copper precipitation. In conclusion,Saishitang deposit,controlled by regional tectonics,is formed by metasomatism between highly fractionated mineralization rock body and wall rock,and belongs to banded skarn Cu-polymetallic deposit.     

Raman Micro-Spectroscopic Study of Sulfate Ion in the System Na2SO4 – H2O

This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na₂SO₄-H₂O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperature（293 K） and in the 500 cm^₁-4000 cm^-1 spectral region.The results indicate that the intensity of the SO₄^2- band increases with increasing concentrations of sulfate ion.A linear correlation was found between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₁,which represents the ratio of the area of the SO₄^2- band to that of the O-H stretching band of water（A_s/A_w）:I₁=-0.00102+0.01538 c.Furthermore,we deconvoluted the O-H stretching band of water(2800 cm^-1-3800 cm^-1) at 3232 and 3430 cm^-1 into two sub-Gaussian bands,and then defined Raman intensity of the two sub-bands as A_Bi(3232 cm^-1) and A_B2(3430 cm^-1),defined the full width of half maximum（FWHM） of the two sub-bands as W_B1(3232 cm^-1) and W_B2(3430 cm^-1).A linear correlation between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₂,which represents the ratio of Raman intensity of SO₄^2-（A_s）(in 981 cm^-1) to(A_B1+A_B2),was also established:I₂=-0.0111+0.3653 c.However,no correlations were found between concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and FWHM ratios,which includes the ratio of FWHM of SO₄^2-（W_s） to W_B1 W_B2 and W_B1+B2(the sum of W_B1 and W_B2),suggesting that FWHM is not suitable for quantitative studies of sulfate solutions with Raman spectroscopy.A comparison of Raman spectroscopic studies of mixed Na₂SO₄ and NaCI solutions with a constant SO₄^2- concentration and variable CI^- concentrations suggest that the I\ parameter is affected by CI^-,whereas the I₂ parameter was not.Therefore,even if the solution is not purely Na₂SO₄-H₂O,SO₄^2- concentrations can still be calculated from the Raman spectra if the H₂O band is deconvoluted into two sub-bands,making this method potentially applicable to analysis of natural fluid inclusions.     

新疆独山子泥火山沉积物及孔隙水的地球化学特征与流体来源

对陆地泥火山流体来源及其向地表渗漏过程中的改造作用开展研究,有利于加深理解泥火山释放甲烷的碳排放过程。新疆准噶尔盆地南缘独山子泥火山柱状沉积物和地表沉积物的矿物和元素组成,以及沉积物孔隙水离子组成等的分析结果显示,泥火山沉积物孔隙水Na+和Cl–间具有很好的正相关性,具有比海水高的Na+/Cl–和Li+/Cl–值、低的K+/Cl–和Mg2+/Cl–。泥火山沉积物与围岩相比,富集伊利石、绿泥石和方解石,缺少蒙脱石,富集Ca、亏损Si,这些变化主要与黏土矿物的脱水转变有关。表明泥火山流体主要来源于深部低盐度沉积物孔隙水,但经历了地表的蒸发作用,并混合了大气降水。