混凝土裂缝压电主动传感识别仿真方法研究

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立含不同裂缝工况的压电-混凝土梁机电耦合模型,通过安装在混凝土梁设定位置的压电激励器输入激励信号并实时采集反馈信号,计算应力波信号值与小波包能量值,分析信号值和能量与损伤工况间的内在关系。结果表明,在混凝土梁跨中垂直裂缝和支座处斜裂缝工况下,压电应力波的信号值随裂缝深度的增加而减小;裂缝宽度增至2~3 mm时信号值会有所减小,随后裂缝宽度增加对其影响不再明显。当在裂缝演化方向上的深度达到梁体纵向中心轴高度时,应力波接收信号衰减明显。将信号相对能量值作为损伤程度因子,有利于分析应力波在病损混凝土内部的传播与衰减机理,能有效检测混凝土裂缝损伤程度。     

土壤含水量高光谱灰色关联度估测模式

针对土壤含水量高光谱估测中的不确定性,基于灰色系统理论,建立土壤含水量灰色关联度高光谱估测模式。首先根据光谱特征因子的非时间数据序列特性,利用基于加权距离的灰色关联度计算方法,构建灰色关联度预测模型;然后利用识别残差建立修正模型,提出了具有残差修正的灰色关联度预测模式,并应用于山东省泰安市土壤水含量高光谱估测。结果表明,检验样本的平均相对误差为3.614%,而基于经典的灰色关联模式和线性回归模型的平均相对误差分别为4.762%和6.841%。应用实例说明提出的模式是有效的。     

Hydrocarbon accumulation model for Neogene traps in the Chengdao area,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Chengdao is an offshore area in the Bohai Bay Basin that contains approximately 25.7 × 10⁸ bbl of oil and gas reserves within the sandstone reservoirs in Neogene strata. However, previous predictions of hydrocarbon accumulation in Neogene traps are inaccurate, resulting in a current failure rate of 50% when drilling for hydrocarbons in this area. To build an improved exploration model for Neogene traps, we select 92 traps from Neogene strata in the Chengdao area to quantify the filling degree, which is an indicator of hydrocarbon accumulation efficiency. The quantified filling degree is based on actual geological and exploration data and differs significantly among various trap types. The filling degree of traps also varies significantly with their structural locations and decreases generally from the northwest to the southeast along the Chengbei Fault zone. Vertically, the filling degree is highly heterogeneous, initially increasing from the bottom to the middle of Neogene strata and then decreasing towards the top of the strata. These Neogene hydrocarbon reservoirs are sourced from the Paleogene, and as they lay vertically away from the source rocks, their hydrocarbon enrichment is constrained largely by hydrocarbon migration distance and vertical migration pathways. The sealing capacity of faults and cap rocks, sandbody orientation and reservoir sedimentary facies determine the maximum column height, which in turn affects the amount of hydrocarbon accumulation within these traps. A scatter plot analysis of individual controls and volumetric filling for each trap type is compiled using multivariate linear regression analysis to quantify controls and the dominant control of hydrocarbon accumulation is determined.     

地理国情与复杂系统

研究地理国情复杂系统的意义在于合理表达"资源—环境—生态—经济—社会"系统的综合复杂关系。针对我国地理国情统计分析工作所面临的研究内容不统一、范围不一致、目标不明确等问题,本文基于复杂系统理论和协调度分析方法,分别从概念、理论与方法的角度探讨并设计了相应的解决途径。通过对地理国情、地理国情普查、地理国情统计分析的概念以及三者间的关系分析,明确和界定了地理国情的统计内容和分析范围,具体化了地理国情统计分析目标;对比分析了地理国情与复杂系统的基本特征,以及协调度分析与地理国情统计分析的目标一致性,提出了地理国情复杂系统的概念,并对其进行了定量描述;复杂系统理论为地理国情统计分析提供了新的理论指导,协调度为地理国情统计分析提供了新思路。在此基础上设计了地理国情复杂系统的测度方法和决策分析方案。通过地理国情复杂系统协调度从宏观上分析总体趋势,结合各子系统间协调度和单系统协调度从微观上确定修复方向,并制定具体改进策略,从而实现地理国情统计分析的宏观目标。     

重力异常阶方差模型精度及其截断误差分析

在评估重力场模型计算空间扰动引力精度时,对模型截断误差常采用阶方差方法。文中将6种经典的重力异常阶方差模型与现有超高阶重力场模型的阶方差进行比较,TSD模型与重力场模型的差值最小。根据重力异常阶方差模型TSD,文中分析不同高度、不同阶次利用重力场模型计算空中扰动引力时截断误差的影响。实验结果表明:36阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为26.455 1mGal、25.946 3mGal;360阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为9.969 0mGal、9.960 9 mGal;2160阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为2.538 5 mGal、2.538 1mGal;2160阶模型计算空中扰动引力时,即使在低空附近,截断误差在2.5mGal以内,计算高度超过5km,截断误差可以忽略;超过400km的高度,都可以用36阶模型计算,截断误差在1mGal以内。     

Effect of dry density,soil texture and time-spatial variable water content on the soil thermal conductivity

Study of the heat transfer process in saturated and unsaturated soils requires, basically, a relationship between thermal conductivity and the characteristics of the soil, such as water content, dry density and texture of the soil. This study intends to produce a generic model that can predict soil thermal conductivity with the help of easily measurable parameters. The proposed model is first calibrated using measured thermal conductivities from literature data. In order to validate the proposed model the predicted thermal conductivity of this proposed model as well as existing ones are compared with the measured thermal conductivity in literature for different soils. Validation of the proposed model was also performed on our experimental results obtained for a compacted Misillac sand and in-situ clay loam soils. The results show an average of 15% improvement in prediction accuracy for the proposed model compared to the existing models, considering all soil textures. Moreover, we perform a model to estimate thermal conductivity over time throughout the profile of soil in the context of seasonal variation of temperature. The proposed model shows an important effect of heterogeneity on the thermal conductivity variations of a double layered soil.     

Simulation of liquefaction of unsaturated soil using critical state soil model

Several researchers have reported that the mean effective stress of unsaturated soils having a relatively high degree of saturation gradually decreases under fully undrained cyclic loading conditions, and such soils can be finally liquefied like saturated soils. This paper describes a series of simulations of fully undrained cyclic loading on unsaturated soils, conducted using an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. This model is a critical state soil model formulated using effective stress tensor for unsaturated soils, which incorporates the following concepts: (a) the volumetric movement of the state boundary surface containing the critical state line owing to the variation in the degree of saturation; (b) the soil water characteristic curve considering the effects of specific volume and hydraulic hysteresis; and (c) the subloading surface concept for considering the effect of density. Void air is assumed to be an ideal gas obeying Boyle's law. The proposed model is validated through comparisons with past results. The simulation results show that the proposed model properly describes the fully undrained cyclic behavior of unsaturated soils, such as liquefaction, compression, and an increase in the degree of saturation. Finally, the effects of the degree of saturation, void ratio, and confining pressure on the cyclic strength of unsaturated soils are described by the simulation results. The liquefaction resistance of unsaturated soils increases as the degree of saturation and the void ratio decrease, and as the confining pressure increases. Furthermore, the degree of saturation has a greater effect on the liquefaction resistance than the confining pressure and void ratio. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating snow distribution over a large area and its application for water resources

The spatial and temporal distribution of the snow water equivalent (SWE), snow density and snow depth were estimated by a method combining remote sensing technology and degree‐day techniques over a study area of 370 000 km². The advantages of this simulation model are its simplicity and the availability of degree‐day parameters, which can be successively evaluated by referring to snow area maps created from satellite images. This simulation worked very well for estimating SWE and helped to separate the areas of thin snow cover from heavier snowfall. However, shallow snow in warm regions led to some misjudgments in the snow area maps because of the time lag between when the satellite image was acquired and the simulation itself. Vulnerable areas, where a large variation in the amount of snow affects people's life, could be identified from the differences between heavy and light snow years. This vulnerability stems from a predicted lack of irrigation water for rice production caused by future climate change. The model developed in this study has the potential to contribute to water management activities and decision‐making processes when considering necessary adaptations to future climate change. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

膨胀土膨胀特性的变化规律研究

研究了击实膨胀土的膨胀压力p与50 kPa下的膨胀率 随干密度、饱和度及含水量的变化规律。结果表明：p和 与干密度 、含水量 、饱和度 的关系及p- 间的关系皆可用幂指数函数描述;在不同条件下, , , 中的某一个或两个因素可更好地描述p和 的变化规律,一般在高含水量范围含水量因素与干密度因素等价;在低含水量范围含水量因素与饱和度因素等价;含水量一定时干密度因素与饱和度因素等价;存在一临界干密度,干密度大于临介干密度时,膨胀力随饱和度的增加而减小,反之则增加。     

吉林省东部资源型县域经济与生态环境协调发展分析——以汪清县为例

以吉林省汪清县为研究区域,选取社会经济与生态环境评价指标,建立评价标准与模型,对汪清县社会经济与生态环境的协调度进行了分析和评价。结果表明：汪清县生态环境与社会经济协调度值逐年增加,自2000年初级协调到2002年中级协调的变化,说明社会经济与生态环境基本上同步发展;汪清县社会经济与生态环境是一种低水平的中级协调,且2000～2002年3年间,其协调亚类均为环境滞后型,这与其社会经济发展水平不高、人口少、环境容量大相对应;吉林省东部资源型县域经济可利用其生态环境背景好、自然资源丰富的条件,调整产业结构,发展绿色产业,实现社会经济与生态环境的协调发展。