新疆昆仑山北缘一带含金硅铁建造中金矿床特征及找矿标志

含金硅铁建造型铁金矿是近年来在新疆昆仑山地区发现的又一具有重要远景意义的矿床类型,经过地学工作者们艰苦努力,已经相继发现帕西木、苦阿-恰克能萨依、麻特等多处矿床(点)。矿床产于石炭系阿羌岩组(C1a),含矿岩系为一套海底喷发-喷流沉积形成的海相火山喷发-正常碎屑沉积夹含金硅铁建造,区域上具有明显的层控矿床特征,类似于我国黑龙江省"东风山式"金矿,成因类型属火山-沉积作用有关的沉积变质改造型矿床。     

中国国际重要湿地监测的指标与方法

湿地是具有多功能的重要的生态系统和自然资源,具有巨大的经济、生态和社会价值,为有效保护、科学管理和合理利用中国的国际重要湿地,需要在全国范围内开展国际重要湿地监测工作。国际重要湿地监测采用基于遥感技术、全球定位系统、地理信息系统(3S)技术为主的大范围宏观监测和典型湿地定位连续监测相结合的方法。在一定时期内对国际重要湿地生态特征变化进行测度的过程中,监测指标和技术方法的选择是最为关键的。国际重要湿地监测指标可分为湿地生态特征监测指标和影响湿地生态特征因子的监测指标,针对不同的监测指标提出了相应的监测技术和方法。     

北京十三陵中元古界长城系沉积相标志及沉积环境演化模式

北京十三陵地区中元古界长城系包括5个组：常州沟组、串岭沟组、团山子组、大红峪组、高于庄组，前2个组主要由碎屑岩组成，后3个组主要由碳酸盐岩组成。众多的沉积相标志从不同侧面说明：常州沟组沉积属于滨浅海碎屑岩沉积环境；从串岭沟组开始，其沉积环境向碳酸盐岩沉积环境过渡；后3个组沉积时的环境为典型的陆表海碳酸盐岩沉积环境。在综合研究的基础上给出了沉积环境演化模式。另外，长城系还有许多特殊的沉积现象值得进一步研究和讨论：世界上最古老的宇宙球粒；高于庄组白云岩层面上双脊波痕的内碎屑颗粒成因和硅化白云岩内青鱼骨状层理及硅质团粒的成因；特别是在大红峪组首次发现太阳星云物质－碳质球粒陨石。     

Interrelations between coeval mafic and A-type silicic magmas from composite dykes in a bimodal suite of southern Israel, northernmost Arabian–Nubian Shield: Geochemical and isotope constraints

Late Neoproterozoic bimodal dyke suites are abundant in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In southern Israel this suite includes dominant alkaline quartz porphyry dykes, rare mafic dykes, and numerous composite dykes with felsic interiors and mafic margins. The quartz porphyry chemically corresponds to A-type granite. Composite dykes with either abrupt or gradational contacts between the felsic and mafic rocks bear field, petrographic and chemical evidence for coexistence and mixing of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas. Mixing and formation of hybrid intermediate magmas commenced at depth and continued during emplacement of the dykes. Oxygen isotope ratios of alkali feldspar in quartz porphyry (13 to 15‰) and of plagioclase in trachydolerite (10–11‰) are much higher than their initial magmatic ratios predicted by equilibrium with unaltered quartz (8 to 9‰) and clinopyroxene (5.8‰). The elevation of δ¹⁸O in alkali feldspar and plagioclase, and extensive turbidization and sericitization call for post-magmatic low-temperature (≤ 100 °C) water–rock interaction. Hydrous alteration of alkali feldspar, the major carrier of Rb and Sr in the quartz–porphyry, also accounts for the highly variable and unusually high I(Sr) of 0.71253 to 0.73648.

The initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios, expressed by ε_Nd(T) values, are probably unaltered and show small variation in mafic and felsic rocks within a narrow range from + 1.4 to + 3.3. The Nd isotope signature suggests either a common mantle source for the mafic and silicic magmas or a juvenile crustal source for the felsic rocks (metamorphic rocks from the Elat area). However, oxygen isotope ratios of zircon in quartz porphyry [δ¹⁸O(Zrn) = 6.5 to 7.2‰] reveal significant crustal contribution to the rhyolite magma, suggesting that mafic and A-type silicic magmas are not co-genetic, although coeval. Comparison of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios in zircon allows to distinguish two groups of A-type granites in the region: those with mantle-derived source, δ¹⁸O(Zrn) ranging from 5.5 to 5.8‰ (Timna and Katharina granitoids) and those with major contribution of the modified juvenile crustal component, δ¹⁸O(Zrn) varying from 6.5 to 7.2‰ (Elat quartz porphyry dykes and the Yehoshafat alkaline granite). This suggests that A-type silicic magmas in the northern ANS originated by alternative processes almost coevally.     

安徽省明光管店-定远岱山-带金矿成矿条件和找矿标志研究

对研究区成矿物质来源、成矿物理化学条件、成矿地质条件以及找矿标志进行了研究和探讨。为该区的地质找矿提出了依据和方向。     

金平松林坡复合型金矿

松林坡金矿2002年新发现。矿体主要受浅成 超浅成侵入体及其内部和附近的断裂 裂隙系控制。多种控矿条件的复合、匹配对金矿成矿起制约作用:岩脉、岩体受断裂及两组以上断裂交汇控制,矿质来源、成矿流体来源多样化,矿(化)体明显具多种蚀变作用叠加特征。     

福建中亚热带天然阔叶林理想结构探讨

根据典型林分结构的分析，以“近自然林业”理论为指导，提出福建中亚热带天然阔叶林理想结构的指标与标准，包括林层结构、乔木层物种多样性、灌木层中乔木幼树、林分基本蓄积量、材积按径阶分布、林分密度、株数按径阶分布、商品材树种结构等8个指标和各指标的具体标准，旨在为福建中亚热带天然阔叶林可持续经营提供基础依据，为异龄林理想结构的研究提供实例。     

Environmental quality indicators: where to from here?

Environmental or land quality indicators are being developed internationally as a means whereby the ‘State of the Environment’ (SoE) can be assessed and trends monitored. In Australia, the use of indicators in SoE reporting is in its early stages of development. Indicators have been developed, in relation to agriculture, for flora and fauna, soil, chemical contamination, surface waters and groundwater. Internationally, the World Bank has listed ‘indicators of pressure’ on the land, ‘indicators of state and impact’, and ‘indicators of response’ for each of seven major issues of land degradation. Late in 1996, an ‘indicators of catchment health’ workshop in Australia identified a relatively small number of key indicators relating to farm productivity, soil health, water quality and ‘landscape integrity’, later adding social indicators, and also distinguishing between indicators at farm and catchment scales. A broad range of other indicators was also considered by various participants in the workshop, which concluded by supporting a nationally co‐ordinated effort and the establishment of a national steering committee. Although most indicators are static measures, those from which predictions can be made require a greater emphasis on the functioning of the system. This implies that indicators are only one aspect of system modelling, and that environmental or land assessment needs to progress further than the search for quality indicators. Since this involves both biophysical and human processes, geographers should be playing a central role.     

Seismogenic Origin of the Ancient Avdat Ruins,Negev Desert,Israel

The present communication addresses the potential use of damage features, observed in the ancient ruins of the Avdat archeological site (Negev Desert, Israel) as a tool to identify the seismic origin of the destruction there and roughly to determine the direction of seismic wave propagation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.