我国棉花主产省区比较优势分析

1992-1998年平均，我国12个棉花主产省（区）的粮棉单产比和植棉相对效益分别为1.94-7.24和0.95-5.41，经统计分析，这一单产比和相对效益每上升1，一个省1999年与1992年棉花产量之比就分别下降34.0个百分点、上升48.3个百分比，据此比较优势分析，在1999年我国棉花总产下调的形势下，甘肃、新疆宜保持原有产量水平、江苏、浙江、山东、河北、四川5省宜适当下调，而江西、安徽、河南、湖南、湖北5省则宜酌情处理。基于近期国际棉花市场形势的变化，作者认为，与其它省份一样，2001年甘肃、新疆的棉花产量也有较大的上调空间。     

Till deposition by glacier submarginal,incremental thickening

Macro‐ and micro‐scale sedimentological analyses of recently deposited tills and complex push/squeeze moraines on the forelands of Icelandic glaciers and in a stacked till sequence at the former Younger Dryas margin of the Loch Lomond glacier lobe in Scotland are used to assess the depositional processes involved in glacier submarginal emplacement of sediment. Where subglacial meltwater is unable to flush out subglacial sediment or construct thick debris‐rich basal ice by cumulative freeze‐on processes, glacier submarginal processes are dictated by seasonal cycles of refreezing and melt‐out of tills advected from up‐ice by a combination of lodgement, deformation and ice keel and clast ploughing. Although individual till layers may display typical A and B horizon deformation characteristics, the spatially and temporally variable mosaic of subglacial processes will overprint sedimentary and structural signatures on till sequences to the extent that they would be almost impossible to classify genetically in the ancient sediment record. At the macro‐scale, Icelandic tills display moderately strong clast fabrics that conform to the ice flow directions documented by surface flutings; very strong fabrics typify unequivocally lodged clasts. Despite previous interpretations of these tills as subglacial deforming layers, micro‐morphological analysis reveals that shearing played only a partial role in the emplacement of till matrixes, and water escape and sediment flowage features are widespread. A model of submarginal incremental thickening is presented as an explanation of these data, involving till slab emplacement over several seasonal cycles. Each cycle involves: (1) late summer subglacial lodgement, bedrock and sediment plucking, subglacial deformation and ice keel ploughing; (2) early winter freeze‐on of subglacial sediment to the thin outer snout; (3) late winter readvance and failure along a decollement plane within the till, resulting in the carriage of till onto the proximal side of the previous year's push moraine; (4) early summer melt‐out of the till slab, initiating porewater migration, water escape and sediment flow and extrusion. Repeated reworking of the thin end of submarginal till wedges produces overprinted strain signatures and clast pavements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华北一次积层混合云微物理和降水特征的数值模拟与飞机观测对比研究

为考察云数值模式中的云物理方案和对实例云物理和降水过程的模拟能力, 本文将中尺度数值模式(WRF)模拟的华北地区一次积层混合云的微物理结构特征、降水过程与国家科技支撑计划重点项目环北京地区三架飞机联合云探测实验数据以及雷达、地面降水观测数据进行了深入的比较和验证研究。结果表明:WRF 模式能够较好地模拟出此次积层混合云的云系演变、雷达回波和降水分布特征。对比结果是:(1)模式模拟的云中液态水浓度(LWC)与飞机观测值具有较好的一致性, 在3℃ 层, 飞机观测的LWC 最大值为0.8 g m-3, 模拟的飞机路径上的LWC 最大值为0.78 g m-3, 两者接近;在－8℃ 层, 飞机观测LWC 最大值为1.5 g m-3, 模拟的飞机路径上的LWC 最大值为1.1 g m-3, 模拟值偏小;在－5℃ 层以下, 模式能够准确模拟云中水凝物的垂直分布, 包括融化层的分布, 模拟的水凝物质量浓度与实测吻合。而对固态水, 在－6～－10℃, 由于模式中雪粒子凇附增长过程较大, 聚合过程发生的高度偏高, 导致模式模拟的固态水凝物质量浓度高于实测值, 说明模式在雪粒子增长过程的处理方面有待进一步改进。(2)在云粒子谱参数方面, 在－8℃ 层, 由于模拟的雪粒子质量浓度偏高, 所以模式计算的粒子谱的截距和斜率都小于飞机观测值, 模拟偏小;在－5℃ 层, 两者比较接近;在3℃ 层, 由于云中小粒子浓度逐渐减少, 所以模式计算的斜率接近观测值, 但是截距大于观测值, 说明模式降水粒子谱参数的描述方案有待改进, 模式中谱形参数μ 不应一直设置为0, 而是应该随着高度变化而变化。     

A sedimentological study of diamondiferous Quaternary sediments in Southern Shandong,China

A sedimentological study of the lower Quaternary sediments in southern Shandong Province suggests that they were derived from a northern highland area of Archaean gneiss and Palaeozoic sediments. Diamond-bearing kimberlites, intruded during the Ordovician, occur in the highland area and are a possible source of diamonds found in the Quaternary sediments. A warm and humid climate prevailed at the beginning of the Quaternary and braided rivers carried gravel and sand southeast towards the Yellow Sea. Cooler and drier conditions in Q2 times reconcentrated diamonds from the underlying Q1 gravels. Post-Q2 faulting deflected the drainage to the south and subsequent erosion left only small remnants of diamondiferous Q2 gravel. A study of diamond shape characteristics suggests that the diamonds in the Quaternary sediments were derived from the known kimberlites to the north, although the possibility of undiscovered kimberlites occurring beneath the Quaternary sediments cannot be ruled out.     

广西地下水位数字与模拟观测对比分析

选取广西“十五”地震前兆网络项目地下水位数字化观测与模拟观测资料,利用固体潮形态、水震波、相关性、内在质量等方法进行了对比分析,结果表明：两种观测的动态变化基本一致;在仪器正常运行、无故障情况下,两者数据的相关性良好。综合分析认为数字化观测的信息量大,灵敏度高,跟踪速度等明显优于模拟观测。随着仪器稳定性能的提高,用数字化水位观测仪器取代模拟水位观测仪器是可行的。     

The “Camporeale wedge-top Basin” (NW Sicily; Italy) in the frame of the Late Miocene Sicilian Foreland Basin System; Inferences from the Upper Tortonian–Lower Messinian Terravecchia Formation

Since the latest Oligocene–earliest Miocene the building of the Sicilian fold and thrust belt has been accompanied by development of a “peripheral” foreland basin system which migrated toward the foreland. In north-western Sicily, the sedimentary record of the foreland basin system migration is represented by a stratigraphic succession made up of several lithostratigraphic units, bounded by regional unconformity surfaces, deposited recording at least four main sedimentary phases, each characterized by the development of different types of syntectonic basins.     

肇庆地磁台dldD矢量磁力仪与GM3相对记录仪的对比分析研究

使用肇庆地磁台2005年dldD矢量磁力仪与GM3磁通门磁力仪的观测数据，系统地分析了两套仪器分钟值、日均值、基线值的变化趋势。根据均值和方差检验以及基线值的变化趋势，认为两套仪器有相同的观测精度，除了均值有较小的差异外。两套仪器的观测数据无系统偏差，仪器的稳定性和数据的一致性较好。     

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation, southeastern Bida Basin, Nigeria

The Maastrichtian Patti Formation, which consists of shale - claystone and sandstone members, constitutes one of the three Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the intracratonic southeastern Bida Basin, in central Nigeria. Well exposed outcrops of this formation were investigated at various locations around the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers. The lithostratigraphic sections were measured and their peculiar sedimentological features such as textures, physical and biogenic sedimentary structures, facies variations and associations were documented and used to interpret the depositional environments and develop a paleogeographic model. Some selected representative samples of the sedimentary depositional facies were also subjected to grain size analysis.Three shoreline sedimentary depositional facies composed of shoreface, tidal channel, and tidal marsh to coastal swamp facies were recognized in the study area. Continental sedimentary depositional facies such as fluvial channel, swamp, and overbank were also documented. The sandstones of the shoreface and tidal channel facies are medium- to coarse-grained, moderately sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.45–1.28 averaging 0.72), and quartzarenitic. The fluvial channel sandstone facies are coarse- to very coarse-grained, mostly poorly sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.6–1.56 averaging 1.17), and subarkosic. Typical sedimentary structures displayed by the shoreface and tidal channel facies include burrows, clay drapes, hummocky and herringbone cross stratifications, whereas the fluvial channel sandstone facies are dominated by massive and planar cross beddings. The tidal marsh to coastal swamp shales and ferruginised siltstone facies are fossiliferous and bioturbated, whereas the nonmarine swamp siltstones contain vegetal imprints and lignite interbeds. The overbank claystone facies are massive and kaolinitic.In the study area, a regressive to transgressive model is proposed for the Patti Formation. This model correlates with stratigraphically equivalent sediments of the Ajali and Mamu Formations in the adjacent Anambra Basin to a great extent.     

秦皇岛市两次极端最低气温天气过程的对比分析

利用MICAPS资料和NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对秦皇岛市2001年1月15日和2010年1月6日两次最低气温极值天气过程,从环流形势、物理量场的垂直结构、温度方程的平流项、垂直项与非绝热项等进行了综合对比分析。结果表明:两次过程环流形势基本相似,均自西北路径直接影响华北,冷平流由水平方向移动并在垂直方向下传;通过对局地温度变化中各项因子的定量估算,发现当空气干燥且从低到高空均为下沉气流时,下沉增温的影响不容忽视;2010年1月6日出现的最低气温极值主要是非绝热因子影响。2010年1月3—4日秦皇岛降暴雪,积雪深度在10 cm以上,2010年1月6日非绝热项为-0.907℃.h-1,2001年1月15日非绝热项为-0.301℃.h-1,下垫面性质的改变对局地气温的影响可为最低气温预报提供参考。