Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas

During the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, extension was widespread in Eastern China and adjacent areas. The first rifting stage spanned in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times and covered an area of more than 2 million km² of NE Asia from the Lake Baikal to the Sikhot-Alin in EW direction and from the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt to North China in NS direction. This rifting was characterized by intracontinental rifts, volcanic eruptions and transform extension along large-scale strike–slip faults. Based on the magmatic activity, filling sequence of basins, tectonic framework and subsidence analysis of basins, the evolution of this area can be divided into three main developmental phases. The first phase, calc-alkaline volcanics erupted intensely along NNE-trending faults, forming Daxing'anling volcanic belt, NE China. The second phase, Basin and Range type fault basin system bearing coal and oil developed in NE Asia. During the third phase, which was marked by the change from synrifting to thermal subsidence, very thick postrift deposits developed in the Songliao basin (the largest oil basin in NE China).Following uplift and denudation, caused by compressional tectonism in the near end of Cretaceous, a Paleogene rifting stage produced widespread continental rift systems and continental margin basins in Eastern China. These rifted basins were usually filled with several kilometers of alluvial and lacustrine deposits and contain a large amount of fossil fuel resources. Integrated research in most of these rifting basins has shown that the basins are characterized by rapid subsidence, relative high paleo-geothermal history and thinned crust. It is now accepted that the formation of most of these basins was related to a lithospheric extensional regime or dextral transtensional regime. During Neogene time, early Tertiary basins in Eastern China entered a postrifting phase, forming regional downwarping. Basin fills formed in a thermal subsidence period onlapped the fault basin margins and were deposited in a broad downwarped lacustrine depression. At the same time, within plate rifting of the Lake Baikal and Shanxi graben climaxed and spreading of the Japan Sea and South China Sea occurred. Quaternary rifting was marked by basalt eruption and accelerated subsidence in the area of Tertiary rifting. The Okinawa Trough is an active rift involving back-arc extension.Continental rifting and marginal sea opening were clearly developed in various kind of tectonic settings. Three rifting styles, intracontinental rifting within fold belt, intracontinental rifting within craton and continental marginal rifting and spreading, are distinguished on the basis of nature of the basin basement, tectonic location of rifting and relations to large strike–slip faults.Changes of convergence rates of India–Eurasia and Pacific–Eurasia may have caused NW–SE-trending extensional stress field dominating the rifting. Asthenospheric upwelling may have well assisted the rifting process. In this paper, a combination model of interactions between plates and deep process of lithosphere has been proposed to explain the rifting process in East China and adjacent areas.The research on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensional tectonics of East China and adjacent areas is important because of its utility as an indicator of the dynamic setting and deformational mechanisms involved in stretching Lithosphere. The research also benefits the exploration and development of mineral and energy resources in this area.     

京津塘高速公路某立交桥碎石桩检测成果初探

京津塘（沽）高速公路某立交桥地段，为软土地基，采用振动沉管碎石桩作地基处理。通过对碎石桩的检测及其成果分析，最后表明，用重（２）型动力触深试验击数来判别碎石桩的密度，并据之估算出单桩的容许承载力，是一咱经济、实用的方法。     

盆地地层学定量模拟综述

简要介绍了地层地量模拟的基本思路和方法，阐述了模型的主要输入参数，约束条件和模拟过程，最后列举了３个模拟实例。地层定量模拟是沉积盆地模拟的重要组成部分，它可用于分析盆地内沉积体系和沉积相带的形成规律，地层展布型式以及沉积相序的发育规律等与海平面变化和盆地沉降之间的关系，是近年来新兴的一个研究方向。     

扩散蓝宝石及其鉴别

本文介绍了扩散蓝宝石的形成机制、扩散蓝宝石的特征，着重阐述了扩散蓝宝石的鉴别，最后对照天然优质蓝宝石对扩散蓝宝石进行了评价。     

红外光谱法测定尿石成分及其意义

利用红外光谱方法对吉林地区５１０例尿路结石进行了成分分析，按其成分分类结石类型有１０余种，并出现一些不常见成分。根据实验给出各组分的比例、分布状况及其出现几率，综合尿路结石的成因，对于吉林地区尿石症的综合治疗及科学预防具有重要意义。     

压密注浆工艺在处理浜填土地基中的应用

通过对压密注浆工艺的技术和经济分析比较,并介绍该工艺在处理浜填土地基中的成功经验,从而得出压密注浆工艺是一种造价低、施工操作简便、周期短、加固效果良好的处理地基方法。     

黑火药控制爆破在花岗岩石材开采中的应用

介绍了黑火药控制爆破法在河南省商城县花岗岩开采中的试验与应用，给出了工作面开采要素和合理的爆破参数。     

江西修水—武宁地区早古生代石煤资源及其开发利用前景

文中对石煤的定义及功能等一般性特征作了介绍，在综合考察的基础上，对修水、武宁地区石煤的分布、产状、煤质及伴生元素等作了分析研究，并阐述了其特点。同时，对开发利用石煤的现状和前景作了分析，提出了开发利用石煤的途径和建议。     

鸡血石与注胶或补破处理鸡血石的鉴别

通过肉眼和显微镜放大观察，总结出浙江昌化鸡血石与注胶或补破处理鸡血石在裂形、填充物形态、反光观察的表面平滑性、构造及血形圆滑连续性等方面的不同特征，可用于鉴别鸡血石的注胶与补破处理，并对鸡血石中常见冻筋和注胶裂进行了区分。     

Seismic test of a full‐scale model of a five‐storey stone pagoda

A moderate size earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred at Whagae‐Myun, Hadong‐Gun, Kyongsangnam‐Do, Korea on 4 July 1936. It caused severe damage to the buildings and other structures in Sang‐Gye‐Sa, a famous and beautiful Buddhist temple. A five‐storey stone pagoda was standing in front of Keumdang, the main building. The top component of the pagoda was tipped over and fell down to the ground during the earthquake. In order to have a quantitative estimate of the intensity of the earthquake, a full‐scale model was constructed through a rigorous verification process. The completed model was mounted on a shaking table and subjected to two kinds of dynamic test: exploratory test and fragility test. The exploratory test was performed with low intensity shaking. In the fragility test, the failure modes of the model were investigated while increasing the shaking intensity. The construction details of the model are described and test procedures are reported. Important relations between failure modes and characteristics of ground motion were obtained from the tests. The intensity of the 1936 earthquake was estimated from the examination of test results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.