福建镇海一带玄武岩柱状节理的动力学研究：兼论柱状节理的成因

根据流体动力学和自组织理论,研究了玄武岩柱状节理形成的动力学特征,并应用福建镇海一带玄武岩平均化学成分,估算出动力学方程中所涉及的参数,求出了断面直径与节理柱体长度之间的函数关系,并用数值计算方法,求出了R_a,d和L的值,其结果与该地区的地质实际基本吻合,最后探讨了柱状节理的成因机理,并把柱状节理的形成过程划分为两个阶段:(1)热耗散-对流阶段,(2)冷却-收缩阶段。     

某高坝工程坝肩侧裂结构面基本特征及量化模型研究

某高拱坝工程, 坝肩抗滑稳定的侧裂边界主要受与河流呈小角度斜交的随机结构面 (基体结构面 )控制。查明这类结构面的工程地质性状, 提出其量化评价指标, 对该高拱坝工程坝肩稳定性评价和相应设计参数的取值具有重要的工程实际意义。本文基于大量的现场调查工作, 获取了侧裂结构面数万个现场实测数据。基于这些数据, 作者对侧裂结构面的发育状况和工程地质特征作了全面的分析和定量评价。在此基础上, 提出了坝肩抗力体部位侧裂结构面的工程分区。该分区采用结构面的发育密度作为指标, 能简明直观地描述抗力体部位结构面的发育状况和宏观连通特性。最后, 作者根据本文的研究成果, 从抗滑稳定的边界条件特性出发, 对该高拱坝工程坝肩抗滑稳定性条件作出了评价。     

Impact of aerosols on total columnar ozone measurements—a case study using satellite and ground-based instruments

Long-term record of global distribution of ozone during 1979 to 2001, from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), over a tropical urban environment has been analyzed and compared with ground measurements. Increase in atmospheric UV-absorbing aerosol loading has been observed after 1991. TOMS columnar ozone during 1979 to 2001 suggested a clear Gaussian pattern of minimum concentration in winter months and maximum in summer months. TOMS ozone showed good correlation with the ground measured columnar ozone during winter months and negative correlation with Sunburning Ultraviolet (SUV) (280–370 nm), UVA and aerosol optical depth (AOD).     

Simple procedure for quantification of the gravitational stress field in fractured hard rock massifs

In this paper, a quantitative procedure for evaluating the gravitational stress field in a hard rock massif is presented, using only a geological hammer and compass. Using the orientation of the fracture planes and their statistical distribution, a method for calculating of the tendency of the fractures to reactivate under gravitational load is proposed, based on Coulomb failure criterion. The method is applicable for assessing the most stable layout of the underground excavations and for evaluating the geometry of the stress field at a point during the initial stage of rock failure.     

Columnar calcites as testimony of diagenetic overprinting at the boundary between Upper Tournaisian dolomites and limestones (Belgium): multiple origins for apparently similar features

In topographic flat areas, sedimentary settings may vary from one outcrop to another. In these settings, calcite precipitates may yield macroscopically similar columnar features, although they are products of different sedimentary or diagenetic processes. Three columnar calcite crystal fabrics, i.e. rosettes, palisade crusts and macro-columnar crystal fans, have been differentiated near and at the contact between Upper Tournaisian dolomites and limestones along the southern margin of the Brabant-Wales Palaeohigh. Their petrographic characteristics, and geochemical and fluid inclusion data provide information on the (dia)genetic processes involved. Rosettes composed of non-luminescent columnar calcite crystal fans (1–5 cm in diameter) developed on top of one another, forming discrete horizons in repetitive sedimentary cycles. The cycles consist of three horizons: (I) a basal horizon with fragments from the underlying horizon, (II) a micrite/microspar horizon with incipient glaebules, (III) an upper horizon consisting of calcite rosettes, with desiccation features. The petrographical features and δ¹⁸O signatures of −10·0 to −5·5‰ and δ¹³C values of −5·5 to −3·2‰ support either evaporative growth, an evaporative pedogenic origin, or overprinting of marine precipitates. Palisade crusts, composed of a few to 10 mm long non-luminescent calcite crystals, coat palaeokarst cavities. Successive palisade growth-stages occur which are separated by thin laminae of micrite or detrital quartz, displaying a geopetal arrangement. Palisade crusts are interpreted as intra-Mississippian speleothems. This interpretation is supported by their petrographic characteristics and isotopic signature (δ¹⁸O = −8·7 to −6·5‰ and δ¹³C = −4·8 to −2·5‰). Macro-columnar crystals, 1–50 cm long, developed mainly perpendicular to cavity walls and dolomite clasts. Crystal growth stages in the macro-columnar crystals are missing. δ¹⁸O values vary between −16·4 and −6·8‰ and δ¹³C values between −5·2 and −0·9‰. These features possibly support a late diagenetic high temperature precipitation in relation to hydrothermal karstification.     

复杂山区高分辨率地震采集分析与应用——以四川盆地及周缘地区为例

震源药柱激发因素选择是影响地震资料品质的一个重要环节,在南方复杂山区高分辨率地震采集中合理选择激发岩性、井深、药量等激发因素尤为重要.本文根据复杂山区地震地质条件多样性、复杂性等特点,从理论上分析了地震激发机理、井深、药量、虚反射效应、岩性与药柱长度等对激发子波的影响,开展了基于适应近地表结构特征的动态井深设计、双微测井和综合表层结构调查（微测井和高密度电法联合）等,结合四川盆地及周缘等地区不同地震地质条件下进行了采集试验研究,获得了高品质单炮记录.     

岩体结构面倾向参数概率分布函数改进的Bayes推断方法

三峡船闸是世界上最大的船闸。该地区断层及节理比较发育,且具有一定的随机统计性,它对岩体力学性质起重要的控制作用。为了研究节理倾向的概率分布特征,本文引入以Bayes 最小熵优度比较检验为基础的概率分布的改进Bayes 统计推断方法,基于三峡工程永久船闸节理岩体3373 条结构面的实测参数,就对岩体力学性质起控制作用的各组结构面的倾向参数的概率分布进行了研究。文章最后还讨论了推断的最优分布参数,估计了结构面参数的检验误差范围。     

安徽池州马头铜钼矿容矿构造特征及构造应力场浅析

研究区位于安徽池州市梅村镇西峰庙—马头平移断层东北端,该处岩体和围岩的内外接触带区域发育了一中型铜钼矿.分析了研究区铜钼矿赋存条件和容矿构造的发育特征,统计了容矿节理的产状,整理绘制出成矿期研究区的构造应力场分布图.认为研究区内的容矿节理以张性节理为主,经极射赤平投影后得到的优势产状为285°∠87°,容矿节理和主断裂产状基本一致.研究区内构造应力场最大主应力轴(σ1)的方位为15°,最小主应力轴(σ3)的方位为105°,倾角近水平.此构造应力场与燕山晚期中国东部构造应力场一致,最大主应力均为NNE-SSW方向.在此区域构造应力场的控制下,形成了区内广泛发育的NNE-SSW向、具走滑性质的断层以及张性节理.     

用有限元强度折减法评价节理岩质边坡稳定性

以某边坡为例,论述了在ABAQUS软件中实现节理岩质边坡稳定性评价的建模过程.采用具有一定厚度的、低强度实体单元模拟节理组,按连续介质处理,节理组与岩块之间创建相互接触作用,通过不断折减结构面强度参数,以模拟达到失稳状态.通过分析坡顶典型质点场变量与X方向的位移关系,以数值计算不收敛作为边坡失稳评价标准的稳定性安全系数...     

Simple calculations of fluid flow across jointed cataclastic deformation bands

Cataclastic deformation bands in porous sandstones present a potentially significant barrier or baffle to fluid flow because the bands form in complex networks of laterally extensive, tabular zones with permeability up to several orders of magnitude less than that of the sandstone host rock. Previous work suggests that in some geologic settings cataclastic deformation bands become systematically jointed in the subsurface. Calculations presented here demonstrate that under most realistic circumstances, volumetric flow rate across a jointed deformation band can equal or exceed discharge through an equivalent volume of host sandstone. Results indicate that jointed deformation bands are not significant barriers or baffles to fluid movement.