陕南山阳地区刘岭群砂岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造背景分析

陕南山阳地区中晚泥盆世刘岭群位于秦岭造山带的商丹断裂带与山阳断裂之间。由于所处的特殊位置,刘岭群沉积特点及其盆地形成时期构造背景的确定,可以为秦岭地区古生代以来构造演化提供有价值的信息。岩石地球化学分析表明,刘岭群砂岩主要氧化物特征以SiO₂和K₂O含量较高为特点,具有较高的化学成熟度,反映出其碎屑物质可能来源于相对稳定的大陆源区或更老的沉积岩再旋回的沉积产物。砂岩的稀土元素LREE/HREE比值为3.61,属轻稀土中等富集;Eu/Eu^*值为0.77,属亏损型,与后太古代大陆地壳沉积岩总体演化特点相一致。主量元素氧化物、稀土元素及微量元素的多种图解和多种参数交叉分析,表明刘岭群沉积不具备前陆盆地堆积的特征。根据砂岩岩石地球化学的构造背景判别和物源区判别,结合沉积序列和沉积岩石学等分析,指示中晚泥盆世刘岭群碎屑岩应属于被动大陆边缘盆地沉积。     

Crustal anatexis and formation of two types of granitic magmas in the Kontum massif, central Vietnam: Implications for magma processes in collision zones

Asia grew in the Late Permian by the collision of a number of micro-continents. Syn- to post-collisional magmatism occurred along the continental collision zones . In this study, we report two types of granitic rocks, garnet granite (Grt granite) and orthopyroxene granite (Opx granite), from the Kontum massif, central Vietnam, which is situated on the continental collision zone between the South China and Indochina cratons. These granitic rocks were formed at ca. 250 Ma when high-temperature (HT) and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism took place in the same zone. Based on the petrological and geochemical features compared with previously reported experimental results, garnet-bearing granite is derived from pelitic gneisses by partial melting, whereas orthopyroxene-bearing granite is produced by the partial melting of garnet-bearing mafic granulites. We inferred that a significantly high-geothermal gradient is required to produce Vietnamese granitic magmatism and related HT to UHT metamorphism. This geotherm may be attributed to upwelling mantle plume beneath the Kontum massif during the Late Permian.     

Mineral Composition and Metamorphic P—T Conditions of the Eclogitic Rocks in the Eastern Dabie Mountains and Their Genetic Implication1

Abstract There are obvious differences in the mineral assemblage and metamorphic P—T conditions between the eclogites from the northern and southern parts of the eastern Dabie Mountains. Those from the northern part of the mountains are developed in Alpine peridotite and gneiss. They have a mineral assemblage of garnet+diopside with no quartz, and were formed at temperatures of 600 ° ?740 °C. Those from the southern part are developed in gneiss and marble. They consist of garnet+omphacite+less quartz and were metamorphosed at temperatures in the range of 650 ° ?8000 °C. These differences suggest that the former may be formed during the metamorphism of the deep subducted oceanic crust, whereas the latter may be genetically related to the subduction of the continental crust in this area.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001113

The Rheic Ocean was one of the most important oceans of the Paleozoic Era.It lay between Laurentia and Gondwana from the Early Ordovician and closed to produce the vast Ouachita-Alleghanian -Variscan orogen during the assembly of Pangea.Rifting began in the Cambrian as a continuation of Neoproterozoic orogenic activity and the ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana along the line of a former suture.The rapid rate of ocean opening suggests it was driven by slab pull in the outboard lapetus Ocean.The ocean reached its greatest width with the closure of lapetus and the accretion of the periGondwanan arc terranes to Laurentia in the Silurian.Ocean closure began in the Devonian and continued through the Mississippian as Gondwana sutured to Laurussia to form Pangea.The ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America,in the basement geology of southern Europe,and in the Paleozoic sedimentary,structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East.Its closure brought the Paleozoic Era to an end.     

浙江诸暨地区石角一璜山侵入岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄——对超镁铁质球状岩成因的启示

对分布于江南造山带东段江绍断裂带附近的浙江诸暨地区石角一璜山侵入岩进行了LA—ICP—MS锆石u—Pb定年工作．石角角闪辉石岩和璜山石英闪长岩的结晶年龄分别为844Ma±3Ma和818Ma±6Ma。该年龄结果表明．石角村附近的超镁铁质岩（包括球状辉闪岩）与其外围的闪长岩可能并非同时形成。江绍断裂带附近分布的多个闪长岩体的形成时代介于930～820Ma之间。对这些超镁铁质岩和闪长岩的精细岩石成因研究将有助于揭示扬子和华夏在新元古代时期的拼接过程。     

西秦岭阳山金矿带花岗斑岩元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学

甘肃阳山金矿带的花岗斑岩脉中含有石榴子石,A/CNK=1.65～3.65,属于强过铝质花岗岩类.花岗斑岩相对富集LILE和LREE,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等,配分模式类似于典型同碰撞型花岗岩类;花岗斑岩ΣREE=54.35～124.01×10-6,(La/Yb)N=9.72-27.80,δEu=0.70～0.89,表明其岩浆形成时部分斜长石进入熔体,而非完全残留.花岗斑岩Isr值为0.70806～0.71756,平均0.71107;εNd(t)值变化于-2.9～-5.0,平均-3.4;Nd模式年龄(T2DM)为1.24～1.41Ga,平均1.34(Ga).以上同位素特征表明花岗斑岩岩浆应源自成熟度较低的中元古代基底地壳物质.花岗斑岩的(206pb/204Pb)220Ma、(207pb/204Pb)220Ma和(206pb/204Pb)220Ma的平均值分别为17.875、15.604和38.296,与秦岭微陆块的中元古代基底和碧口地体碧口群的Pb同位素组成一致.考虑到前人获得碧口群的年龄为1.235～1.367Ga,而秦岭微陆块沿勉略缝合带向南仰冲到碧口地体之上.我们认为由碧口群等组成的俯冲板片的变质脱水熔融作用导致了阳山金矿带花岗斑岩的形成.因此,阳山金矿带的花岗斑岩是扬子与华北大陆中生代碰撞造山过程中形成的同碰撞花岗岩类.     

山东五莲中生代岩浆岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

苏鲁造山带产出一系列中生代岩浆岩 ,但是对它们的确切侵位年龄至今尚无正式报道。对其西北部五莲断裂附近四个花岗质侵入岩体进行了锆石U Pb年龄测定 ,结果得到大店复式岩体中角闪二长岩的谐和年龄为 12 3± 4Ma ,七宝山复式火山 -侵入杂岩体中辉石二长岩的谐和年龄为 12 6± 3Ma。五莲山岩体中晶洞花岗岩的谐和年龄为 116± 4Ma,马耳山岩体中不等粒二长花岗岩的谐和年龄为 115± 1Ma。这些锆石U Pb年龄结果说明 ,苏鲁造山带同样存在侵位时间分别为 115Ma和 12 5Ma左右的早白垩纪侵入体 ,与大别造山带内大面积出露的燕山期岩浆岩年龄基本一致 ,代表了扬子板块与华北板块在三叠纪碰撞折返后的岩浆活动 ,其物质来源可能与俯冲陆壳的部分熔融有关     

Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis

Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ¹⁸O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 7‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 6.5‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ¹⁸O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust.     

阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学特征及其对沉积环境的制约

对阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学研究表明,浅变质碎屑岩的原岩多为泥砂质沉积岩,包含少量来自火成岩或火山岩物质。样品的成分变异指数(ICV)值分布于0.83~1.61之间,绝大部分大于1.0,表明碎屑岩的成熟度较差,代表活动大陆边缘的首次沉积的产物。化学蚀变指数(CIA)值分布于50~82之间,其中石炭纪库马苏组以高CIA值(71~79)为特征,指示源区物质可能经历了温暖-炎热、湿润-潮湿条件下的中等-强烈化学风化作用,而哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组和红山嘴组显示低的CIA值(50~70),指示源区物质经历了相对寒冷、干燥的条件下的弱的化学风化作用。古生代地层中(Fe2O3T+MgO)、TiO2含量以及Al2O3/SiO2、K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O)值,稀土元素La、Ce含量以及微量元素Th/Sc、La/Sc值显示,哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组碎屑沉积岩主体形成于大陆岛弧背景,库马苏组、红山嘴组沉积与大陆岛弧-活动大陆边缘具有成因联系。以上地球化学特征表明,阿尔泰古生代碎屑岩可能沉积于活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧相关环境,为阿尔泰古生代多块体增生构造演化模式提供依据。     

青藏高原内部三条磨拉石带的确定及其构造意义

青藏高原内部自北而南沿羌北－昌都、班公湖－怒江、雅鲁藏布江分别发育了3条磨拉石带。各磨拉石带的长度均超过1000km,宽度一般仅数十km,沉积物具有碎屑性、粗粒性、再旋回性,沉积体厚3000～8000m,具有在挤压造山背景下形成的磨拉石建造的基本特征。各磨拉石带都位于各自的地体缝合带并跨越其两侧的部分地带。北边的为金沙江缝合带及其西延部分,中部的为班公湖－怒江缝合带,南边的为雅鲁藏布江缝合带。3条磨拉石带标志着有3条雄伟的造山带与之毗邻。北边的是可可西里－巴颜喀拉造山带,中部和南部的两条造山带一直不为人们所注意,文中建议分别称之为藏中造山带和藏南造山带。此外,造山作用发生的时间明显滞后于地体缝合的时间,其间有后继的浅海盆地发育。磨拉石带的发育历史勾绘出青藏高原构造演化遵循一个程式,即"地体拼接－后继性盆地发育－造山作用发生－山脉消亡",这是很有意义的构造现象。