秦岭造山带大巴山弧形构造带中生代构造变形

大巴山构造带位于秦岭造山带南部,一直被认为是华北、扬子板块碰撞带前陆逆冲 推覆构造带。研究表明,位于城口-房县断裂之南的大巴山弧形构造带,经历了两次明显的叠加变形过程。大巴山弧形构造带由轴向弧形延伸的线状褶皱与弧形弯曲的逆冲断层组成(D2),是南大巴山主期变形产物。弧形构造带西段褶皱轴向为北北西-近南北向,叠加在先前轴向近东西向的开阔宽缓的褶皱(D1)之上,形成典型横跨叠加构造。弧形构造带中段和东段,褶皱轴向逐渐转变为近东西向。构造填图显示,在弧形带形成之前,发生过一期轴向北东到北北东向褶皱为主的变形(D1)。据变形序列、卷入的地层以及区域构造关系判断,西段与中、东段D1变形时代均为晚三叠世-早侏罗世,很可能与华北、扬子的碰撞相关。而相关的地质、同位素年代学及磷灰石裂变径迹资料显示,大巴山弧形构造带主期变形(D2)的变形时代为晚侏罗世-早白垩世(160~110 Ma),所以大巴山弧形构造带记录了两期不同系统构造变形的叠加,这对研究秦岭造山带的演化,具有重要意义。     

Provenance and Tectonic Setting of the Metasedimentary Rocks of the Neoproterozoic Adola Belt of Southern Ethiopia

The Metasedimentary rocks from the Adola metamorphic belt has been analysed for major, minor, and trace elements, including REEs, in order to investigate the provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks.On the basis of filed work, petrographic data and major element geochemistry the Adola sedimentary rocks are essentially greywackes with subordinate lithic arenite. Among the 27 samples analysed, only two samples are quartz arenite with SiO₂ values above 89%. CaO-Na₂O-K₂O diagrams showed that most sample cluster around the average plots of granites and granodiorites. In order to determine the tectonic setting and provenance of the rocks, the samples are plotted on various binary and ternary diagrams. The plots on Fe₂O₃T+MgO versus TiO₂, K₂O/Na₂O, Al₂O₃/SiO₂ and Al₂O₃/(CaO+Na₂O) plots show that the Adola sediments have Oceanic Island Arc(OIC), Continental Island Arc(CIA), Active Continental Margin(ACM) and Passive Margin(PM) characteristics. Most samples, however, show island arc affinity. Only two samples (the quartz arenites) fall in the Passive Margin (PM) field.The trace element characteristics of these rocks discriminate the rocks only into oceanic and continental arc fields. The relatively high abundance of the transition metals, mainly Co, Ni, Cr and the low concentration of TiO₂ correlates well with the previously determined geochemical affinity of the basic rocks of Adola suggesting the dominance of the low- Ti oceanic tholeiites and even boninites in the source region.The REE patterns show three distinct groupings; a)With strong LREE enrichment, flat HREE and with out Eu anomaly, shows similar patterns with that of the oceanic island arc rocks; b) samples with strong Light REE enrichment, flat HREE pattern and strong negative Eu anomaly showing similar patterns to the Andean type andesites, probably derived from granitic gneisses and are affiliated to Active Continental Margin settings; c) this group is represented by a single plot having an enriched LREE pattern, flat HREE pattern and strong positive Eu anomaly. It is most likely that this pattern is related to a high normative plagioclase content due to local accumulation of feldspar during sedimentation rather than representing excessive Eu content of the precursor rock. The REE pattern represented by this sample is roughly similar to that of the Devonian greywackes of Australia.In conclusion, the use of geochemical characteristics of the sediments coupled with the geological information from the area strengthens the suprasubduction zone (SSZ) ophiolitic tectonic setting interpretation suggested (Yibas 1993) for the Adola belt. The trace element plots and their absolute abundance, and the REE patterns strongly constrain the tectonic setting and the provenance of the metasediments to an arc related setting.     

秦岭造山带二台子铜金矿床矿物地球化学研究

通过矿物地示化学研究,认为陕西二台子铜金矿床属钠长石碳酸角砾岩型矿床,是大陆热点成矿系统中幔源碱性热流体成岩成矿作用多期叠架所形成。砷黝铜矿富Ｆｅ、Ａｓ,低Ｓｂ、Ａｇ;黄铁矿中富Ａｓ、Ｓｅ,白云石（内核）有显著的锰铁白云石（外部环带）增生环带;长石类矿物出现富Ｍｇ铁长石;这些特征是陕西二台子铜金矿床属钠长石碳酸角砾岩型矿床的典型矿物地球化学特征。矿物地球化学组合类型指标可判断不同矿化类型及分散矿化     

Evolution of the Pan-African Wadi Haimur metamorphic sole, Eastern Desert, Egypt

By comparison with the general features of metamorphic soles (e.g. vertical and lateral extension, metamorphic grade and diagnostic mineral parageneses, deformation and dominant rock types), it is inferred that the amphibolites, metagabbros and hornblendites of the Wadi Um Ghalaga–Wadi Haimur area in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt represent the metamorphic sole of the Wadi Haimur ophiolite belt. The overlying ultramafic rocks represent overthrusted mantle peridotite. Mineral compositions and thermobarometric studies indicate that the rocks of the metamorphic sole record metamorphic conditions typical of such an environment. The highest P – T conditions ( c . 700 °C and 6.5–8.5 kbar) are preserved in clinopyroxene amphibolites and garnet amphibolites from the top of the metamorphic sole, which is exposed in the southern part of the study area. The massive amphibolites and metagabbros further north (Wadi Haimur) represent the basal parts of the sole and show the lowest P – T  conditions (450–620 °C and 4.7–7.8 kbar). The sole is the product of dynamothermal metamorphism associated with the tectonic displacement of ultramafic rocks. Heat was derived mainly from the hot overlying mantle peridotites, and an inverted P – T  gradient was caused by dynamic shearing during ophiolite emplacement. Sm/Nd dating of whole-rock–metamorphic mineral pairs yields similar ages of c . 630 Ma for clinopyroxene and hornblende, which is interpreted as a lower age limit for ophiolite formation and an upper age limit for metamorphism. A younger Sm/Nd age for a garnet-bearing rock ( c . 590 Ma) is interpreted as reflecting a meaningful cooling age close to the metamorphic peak. Hornblende K/Ar ages in the range 570–550 Ma may reflect thermal events during late orogenic granite magmatism.     

秦岭造山带晚三叠世糜署岭岩体的岩石磁学及磁组构可靠性约束

近年来,针对秦岭造山带晚三叠世花岗岩体侵位机制的巨大争议,一些研究采用磁组构方法分析了岩体的内部组构特征及其与区域构造的关系,提出了具有重要意义的新认识.然而,目前这些研究均缺乏对岩体磁组构本质意义的分析,利用该方法约束岩体内部组构的可靠性并不十分清晰.针对这一问题,本文以秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世糜署岭花岗岩体为例,开展了该岩体的磁组构、岩石磁学、矿物形态组构和显微构造的综合研究.结果表明,糜署岭岩体的磁化率总体较低,属钛铁矿系列花岗岩.绝大部分样品的磁化率受控于顺磁性的黑云母等铁镁硅酸盐矿物,部分高磁化率样品包含了少量多畴磁铁矿等铁磁性组分的贡献,且随磁化率增大,铁磁性组分的贡献更为明显.样品的磁组构也主要是黑云母组构或由黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构复合而成.由于样品中磁铁矿含量较低且与黑云母密切共生,磁组构与黑云母形态组构基本一致,因此,黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构基本共轴.糜署岭岩体的磁组构本质上等同于黑云母组构,反映了黑云母等页硅酸盐矿物在岩体中的分布,可以有效的指示岩体的内部构造特征.宏观和显微构造观察还显示,糜署岭岩体的内部组构形成于岩浆侵位的晚期阶段,叠加了同岩浆期区域构造的关键信息,是从岩体构造角度开展区域构造演化的良好载体.     

河南姚冲隐伏斑岩型钼矿床地质特征及地球动力学背景

对姚冲隐伏斑岩型钼矿床成矿背景、产出特征、成矿时代、成矿地球动力学背景等方面进行了综合分析、对比研究.姚冲钼矿床产于大别成矿带西段的斑岩型钼矿床.矿体赋存于花岗斑岩体（脉）外接触带的中元古界蚀变片麻岩中,主要受隐伏岩体和构造控制.矿床成矿方式以充填作用为主,辉钼矿化主要呈浸染状、细脉-网脉状、薄膜状、角砾状产出.通过姚冲钼矿床与邻近钼矿床及相关斑岩体、中生代花岗岩基同位素年龄的对比研究,结合前人在大别山北麓的研究成果,将姚冲钼矿床成矿年龄限定在140 Ma左右的峰期内,对应的地球动力学背景为中国东部岩石圈大规模快速减薄.     

Effects of buoyancy and mechanical layering on collisional deformation of continental lithosphere: Results from physical modeling

We use two suites of lithospheric-scale physical experiments to investigate the manner in which deformation of the continental lithosphere is affected by both (1) variations of lithospheric density (quantified by the net buoyant mass per area in the lithospheric mantle layer, M_B), and (2) the degree of coupling between the crust and lithospheric mantle (characterized by a modified Ampferer ratio, Am). The dynamics of the experiments can be characterized with a Rayleigh–Taylor type ratio, _CLM. Models with a positively buoyant lithospheric mantle layer (M_B > 0 and _CLM > 0) result in distributed root formation and a wide deformation belt. In contrast, models with a negatively buoyant lithospheric mantle layer strongly coupled to the crust (M_B < 0, 0 > _CLM > ≈ − 0.2, and Am > ≈ 10^{− 3}) exhibit localized roots and narrow deformation belts. Syncollisional delamination of the model lithospheric mantle layer and a wide deformation belt is exhibited in models with negatively buoyant lithospheric mantle layers weakly coupled to the crust (M_B < 0, _CLM < 0, and Am < ≈ 10^{− 3}). Syncollisional delamination of the continental lithosphere may initiate due to buoyancy contrasts within the continental plate, instead of resulting from wedging by the opposing plate. Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities dominate the style of deformation in models with a negatively buoyant lithospheric mantle layer strongly coupled to the crust and a slow convergence rate (M_B < 0 and _CLM > ≈ − 0.2). The degree of coupling (Am) between the model crust and lithospheric mantle plays a lesser role in both the style of lower-lithospheric deformation and the width of the crustal deformed zone with increasing density of the lithospheric mantle layer.     

大别山超高压变质岩的冷却史及折返机制

大别山超高压变质岩及其围岩 T-t 冷却曲线显示了超高压变质岩的冷却史从800℃到300℃经历了三个阶段:两次快速冷却(226±3Ma 到219±7Ma 期间从800℃到500℃的第一次快速冷却,180～170Ma 期间从450℃到300℃的第二次快速冷却)和介于二者之间的等温过程。这一具有两次快速冷却的 T-t 曲线已被近年来获得的高精度金红石 U-Pb 年龄(218±1.2Ma)(Li et al.,2003),高压变质和退变质独居石 Th-Pb 年龄(Ayers et al.,2002),和强面理化榴辉岩二次多硅白云母的Rh-Sr 年龄(182.7±3.6Ma)(Li et al.,2001)所证实。超高压变质岩的二次快速冷却事件反映了二次快速抬升过程。在东秦岭及苏鲁地体东端发育的同碰撞花岗岩 U-Ph 年龄为225～205Ma,与超高压变质岩第一次快速冷却时代吻合。考虑到同碰撞花岗岩与俯冲板片断离的成因联系,这种时代耦合关系表明俯冲板片断离可能是超高压变质岩第一次快速抬升和冷却的重要机制之一。大别山 Pb 同位素填图揭示出南大别带超高压变质岩具有高放射成因 Pb 特征,因而源于俯冲的上地壳;而北大别带超高压变质岩具有低放射成因 Pb 特征,源于俯冲长英质下地壳。这表明在陆壳俯冲过程中上、下地壳之间可发生挤离(detachment)或脱耦(decoupling)。已有实验证明脱耦的上地壳在俯冲过程中可沿挤离面逆冲抬升(Chemenda et al.,1995)。同理,由于俯冲镁铁质下地壳在大别山没有出露,可以推测俯冲长英质下地壳和镁铁质下地壳之间也最终发生了挤离或脱耦。大陆岩石圈在不同深度存在若干低粘度带(Meissner and Mooney,1998)是上述俯冲陆壳分层脱耦现象发生的依据。因此,俯冲上地壳及部分长英质下地壳的第一次快速抬升折返是俯冲过程中大陆地壳内部分层脱耦和俯冲板片断离的综合结果。上述过程只能使已脱耦的上地壳及部分长英质下地壳抬升折返,而未与俯冲岩石圈脱耦的下地壳在板片断离后仍可继续俯冲。俯冲板片断离后,两大陆块在晚三叠世和早-中侏罗世继续汇聚,导致华南陆块下地壳继续俯冲,及已经脱耦并折返至中上地壳的超高压岩片向北仰冲。这一仰冲可能是导致超高压变质岩第二次快速抬升的重要机制。强面理化榴辉岩二次多硅白云母的 Rb-Sr 年龄(182.7±3.6Ma)可能记录了这一超高压岩片仰冲事件发生的时代。惠兰山基性麻粒岩年代学研究揭示了罗田穹隆在早白垩世的快速抬升,与此同时大别山发生了大规模岩浆事件。山体快速抬升与大规模岩浆事件的耦合关系指示了大别造山带早白垩世的去根作用,或岩石圈拆离事件。伴随这一山体快速抬升,大别山超高压变质岩开始大面积出露地表。     

勉县—略阳蛇绿混杂岩带镁铁质—安山质火山岩块年龄和该带构造演化的复杂性

位于南秦岭略阳—勉县—镇巴高川一线的勉略蛇绿混杂岩带一般认为形成于印支期,但笔者研究表明,除存在印支期的岩块外,也存在大量晋宁期的变质镁铁质火山岩块和岛弧火山岩块:1略阳三岔具岛弧火山岩性质的变质安山质火山岩的Sm-Nd等时年龄为873±71(2σ)Ma,INd=0.511796±67(2σ),MSWD0.73;2勉县安子山类似N-MORB洋壳碎片的变质镁铁质火山岩块的Sm-Nd等时年龄为877±78(2σ)Ma,INd=0.51190±10(2σ),MSWD0.93;3出露于略阳庄科轻稀土强烈亏损蛇绿岩块,虽然其Nd同位素组成分散,不形成等时线,但是其高场强大离子不相容微量元素与勉县安子山变质镁铁质火山岩具有十分类似地球化学特征,它们可能是大致同时,由类似源区形成的。这些事实表明,勉略蛇绿构造混杂岩带是复杂的,可能是多期构造事件叠加复合构造活动带。     

苏鲁超高压变质带西北缘五莲断裂外侧浅变质花岗片麻岩的地球化学特征与原岩成因研究

五莲杂岩中的正片麻岩主要为正长花岗质片麻岩，少数石英正长质片麻岩，具有适度碱性的演化趋势。以贫CaO、低MgO、高Na2O为特征，岩石中虽然碱度较高，但仍属较强过铝型。这套正片麻岩还表现为较强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度和强的负Eu异常，尤以强烈富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Th、U、K)和亏损高场强元素Ti、Zr、Hf．Nb、Ta(部分样品中Zr、Hf除外)，明显的Ba、P负异常为显著特征。岩石地球化学的总体特征与苏鲁造山带内的花岗质片麻岩有一定的可比性，而与华北克拉通内的前寒武纪正片麻岩明显不同。推测五莲地区正片麻岩的原岩是晚元古代由大陆下地壳富钾的变质玄武质组分部分熔融形成的，母岩浆的演化主要表现为以长石(奥长石和钾长石)的分离结晶为主，其中可能还有少量黑云母和角闪石，以及副矿物锆石和磷灰石的分离结晶。