埕岛油田海域气象规律研究与应用

气象海况是组织海上油田生产的重要依据,通过查询海区历史气象资料,分析研究埕岛油田海域的气象规律和特点,紧密结合油田区城地理、海上施工及平台、船舶等设施及装备的基本情况,针对油田生产、海上施工等受气象水文因素制约、影响的不同特点,提出科学的组织生产措施,提高生产效率,保障安全生产。     

对推进地震预测、预报工作的一些政策问题的讨论

推进地震预测、预报不能只是地震局工作的改进,国家对待地震预测、预报的工作必须有一个政策的调整。当前地震预测预报工作基本上沿用气象工作的模式,但地震预报和气象预报的水平完全不在一个水平上。地震预测预报工作要把科学研究放到首位,在地震工作的管理体制、财政体制方面都应有一个大的调整。     

胶东焦家断裂带3000 m深部矿化特征及金矿物赋存状态

胶东是我国黄金的主要产地,前人已开展大量矿床学研究,但主要集中在浅部,其深部的成矿研究仍然薄弱.本文以目前最深的见矿钻孔为研究对象,在宏观观察描述的基础上,以电子探针为主要研究方法,在微观上系统开展深部金矿的矿相学和元素地球化学研究,为深部金矿成矿特征提供了第一手的基础资料,研究结果对于深入认识焦家金矿带矿床的成因以及进一步的深部找矿预测都具有重要意义.超深科研钻ZK01井位于莱州吴一村地区,是目前焦家断裂带最深的见矿钻孔,也是我国岩金最深见矿孔.深钻蚀变类型主要有钾化、硅化、黄铁矿化、绢英岩化、黄铁绢英岩化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化,矿石类型为黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩和黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩,矿体多以脉状、细脉网脉状、细脉浸染状为主.载金矿物主要为黄铁矿,少数金矿物分布在黄铜矿、石英和钾长石中.焦家带深部矿石金矿物成色较高,主要为含银自然金,其次为银金矿,说明该深钻深部金矿形成于高温、较深的成矿环境;成矿时代相对较老.Au主要有两种赋存形式:独立的金矿物和不可见金即晶格金.独立金矿物可分为三种赋存状态,即包体金、裂隙金和晶隙金.初步认为矿石矿物生成顺序从早到晚依次为:(不含Pb黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉铋矿、金矿物)→(黄铜矿)→(含Pb黄铁矿)→(方铅矿、金矿物)→(重晶石)→(闪锌矿).深钻成矿热液存在多期活动,碎裂岩带为含金热液运移提供了通道,多重成矿阶段的叠加和复合导致金矿物多期次结晶.     

近10 a来松嫩平原湿地研究的回顾与展望

松嫩平原是中国内陆湿地集中分布区之一。该区湿地类型有沼泽、湖泊、盐沼和稻田,此外还有水库和少量泥炭地。概述了该区湿地的研究现状,并指出目前研究热点。重点探讨了未来本区湿地的研究趋势,主要体现在湿地生态系统结构、功能和过程研究,湿地的区域生态功能评价,湿地污染及其治理,退化湿地恢复和重建,湿地多样性与湿地保护,湿地资源综合利用,湿地对全球变化响应和全球变化对湿地影响,湿地-草地-盐碱地转换机制和过程和驱动力等方面。     

巴音布鲁克山区暖季人工增水作业区域的合理性分析

受经济、技术、装备等影响,地面人工增水作业更具普适性,但其精准作业难度高,导致人工增水作业效果的提升较为困难。为此,基于2017—2022年5—9月巴音布鲁克山区18个观测站点的逐日气象资料,利用协同克里金插值法,K-Means聚类分组法,基于降水特征的空间分布,从宏观层面上对人工增水作业布局的合理性开展分析,以期科学化开展增水作业,从而有效提高作业效益。结果显示：(1)在空间插值中,小雨的相对误差最小,插值精度最高,而大雨相反,导致“平滑效应”明显,不确定性较大。(2)暖季月均降水量自西向东呈减少趋势,高值区多位于中部和东北部沿山区域,发生的降水事件以小雨为主,而大雨虽然频率低,次数少,但和小雨一样是影响降水量变化的主要量级。(3)现用人工增水作业点的适宜性大多一般,受小雨和中雨月均频率的空间分布影响较大,而在宏观地理上,西部作业点布设的适宜性较东部高。(4)降水空间分布受西风环流和地势影响较大,因而作业布局合理性上,西部区域和北部区域最好。(5)根据地理特点,北部地势复杂,适宜选择西低东高的山面建立地面烟炉,西部地势平坦,适宜建立作业方向为NNW的流动火箭。     

国外城市群经济联系空间研究进展

城市群经济联系的复杂性空间规律已经成为城市地理学、区域地理学、经济地理学研究的重点范畴。现代意义的城市群经济联系空间发展研究始于50年代,城市群体化现象大规模出现,城市化进程迅速发展的时期。经过二战前的启蒙发展、二战后-60年代的初步发展、70-80年代的丰富深化、90年代的全面发展阶段,50多年来城市群空间研究领域不断深化、研究队伍不断壮大、研究成果不断涌现、研究范式不断丰富,呈现多视角、多层次、多尺度,理论与实证、定性与定量相结合的研究体系,研究内容上文章着重对国外大都市区、都市带等城市群经济联系的空间组织与结构研究进行总结,并指出当前研究的热点与焦点。     

地震灾害风险防治协同机制研究

在大应急体制下,地震灾害风险防治迎来新的机遇,同时也面临诸多问题和挑战。通过研究14个省和2个自治区地震灾害风险防治协同文件与协同实践,聚焦政府内部,以综合部门与行业部门的关系为重点,对我国地震灾害风险防治协同情况进行梳理和审视,为进一步完善大应急体制下的地震灾害风险防治协同机制提供实践资料、理论分析和政策建议。     

Hammond Hill Research Catchment: Supporting hydrologic investigations of rooting zone and vegetation water dynamics under climate change

The Hammond Hill Research Catchment (HH) is a small (120 ha), temperate, second order tributary to Six Mile Creek, Cayuga Lake, and the Great Lakes (42.42°, −76.32°). The HH has been monitored since January 2017 for the purpose of understanding how recent infiltration mixes with antecedent soil water on hillslope forest floors and the spatial and temporal patterns of Root Water Uptake (RWU) by temperate northeastern US tree species (eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis], American beech [Fagus grandifolia], and sugar maple [Acer saccharum]). These data are informing us about the hydrologic consequences of anticipated tree species composition change and supporting the development of more refined ecohydrological models. The glaciated catchment is underlain by a shallow confining siltstone layer (1–1.5 m depth) and densely covered with an approximately 60 year old regrowth mixed species forest of hemlock, beech, and other deciduous tree species common to the northeastern US. Current datasets from the HH include precipitation snow water equivalent, discharge, and associated isotopic water compositions, δ²H & δ¹⁸O. Measurements of (top 10 cm) soil water content, as well as bulk soil water and hemlock and beech xylem isotopic compositions are made at several locations across a topographic wetness gradient. The near-term role of the HH is to support an understanding of the environmental and ecological drivers of plant RWU competition. All data from the HH are publicly available.     

Spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic input signal in a partly forested catchment: Implications for hydrograph separation

The isotopic composition of precipitation (D and ¹⁸O) has been widely used as an input signal in water tracer studies. Whereas much recent effort has been put into developing methodologies to improve our understanding and modelling of hydrological processes (e.g., transit‐time distributions or young water fractions), less attention has been paid to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation, used as input signal in these studies. Here, we investigated the uncertainty in isotope‐based hydrograph separation due to the spatio‐temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation. The study was carried out in a Mediterranean headwater catchment (0.56 km²). Rainfall and throughfall samples were collected at three locations across this relatively small catchment, and stream water samples were collected at the outlet. Results showed that throughout an event, the spatial variability of the input signal had a higher impact on hydrograph separation results than its temporal variability. However, differences in isotope‐based hydrograph separation determined preevent water due to the spatio‐temporal variability were different between events and ranged between 1 and 14%. Based on catchment‐scale isoscapes, the most representative sampling location could also be identified. This study confirms that even in small headwater catchments, spatio‐temporal variability can be significant. Therefore, it is important to characterize this variability and identify the best sampling strategy to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of catchment hydrological processes.     

Long-term hydrological,biogeochemical, and climatological data from Walker Branch Watershed,East Tennessee,USA

In 1967, the original Walker Branch Watershed (WBW) project was established to study elemental cycling and mass balances in a relatively unimpacted watershed. Over the next 50+ years, findings from additional experimental studies and long-term observations on WBW advanced understanding of catchment hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology and established WBW as a seminal site for catchment science. The 97.5-ha WBW is located in East Tennessee, USA, on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation. Vegetation on the watershed is characteristic of an eastern deciduous, second-growth forest. The watershed is divided into two subcatchments: the West Fork (38.4 ha) and the East Fork (59.1 ha). Headwater streams draining these subcatchments are fed by multiple springs, and thus flow is perennial. Stream water is high in base cations due to weathering of dolomite bedrock and nutrient concentrations are low. Long-term observations of climate, hydrology, and biogeochemistry include daily (1969–2014) and 15-min (1994–2014) stream discharge and annual runoff (1969–2014); hourly, daily, and annual rainfall (1969–2012); daily climate and soil temperature (1993–2010); and weekly stream water chemistry (1989–2013). These long-term datasets are publicly available on the WBW website (https://walkerbranch.ornl.gov/long-term-data/ ). While collection of these data has ceased, related long-term measurements continue through the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), where WBW is the core terrestrial and aquatic site in the Appalachian and Cumberland Plateau region (NEON's Domain 7) of the United States. These long-term datasets have been and will continue to be important in evaluating the influence of climatic and environmental drivers on catchment processes.