一次区域性大风沙尘暴天气成因分析

应用基本观测资料和我国数值预报产品HLAFS资料,对2004年3月2日由西伯利亚冷槽东移南压并强烈发展,在河西走廊东部武威市形成的一次区域性大风、沙尘暴天气过程,从天气学成因、动力机制等方面进行了诊断分析。结果表明,强冷空气的卷入使西伯利亚冷槽强烈发展,为沙尘暴的发展提供了动力条件,而西伯利亚冷槽的垂直结构为沙尘暴提供了动量下传机制,地面冷锋后部形成的大风,为沙尘暴的形成创造了基本条件,在此基础上得出了西伯里亚冷槽的预报着眼点。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001319

The microbial diversity in Wuli Area,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was investigated using 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses.A total of 117 bacterial and 66 archaeal 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained from the Wuli cold springs.The bacterial clones could be classified into Pwteobacteria,Acidobacteria, Deinococci,Sphingobacteria,Flavobacteria.Nitrospirae,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes, and unclassified-bacteria;and the archaeal clones could be classified into Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.Among the major groups,Pwteobacteria and Crenarchaeota were dominant in the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries,respectively.The clone sequences obtained in Wuli cold springs were closely related to those from cold habitats,such as snow/ice/soils on high mountains or at high latitude.Especially,the microbial community composition of Wuli Area was more similar to that in Tibetan glaciers than cold environments of other locations.The data presented in this study have implications for a better understanding of microbial diversity in cold springs on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

Paleoenvironmental and geoarchaeological reconstruction from late Holocene slope records (Lower Huerva Valley,Ebro Basin,NE Spain)

Slope deposits in semiarid regions are known to be very sensitive environments, especially those that occurred during the minor fluctuations of the late Holocene. In this paper we analyse Holocene colluvium genesis, composition, and paleoenvironmental meaning through the study of slope deposits in NE Spain. Two cumulative slope stages are described during this period. In the study area, both slope accumulations are superimposed and this has enabled an excellent preservation of the aggregative sequence and the paleosols corresponding to stabilisation stages. ¹⁴C and TL dating, as well as archaeological remains, provide considerable chronological precision for this sequence. The origin of the accumulation of the lower unit is placed around 4295–4083 cal yr BP/2346–2134 cal yr BC (late Chalcolithic) and it developed until the Iron Age in a cooler and wetter climate (Cold Iron Age). Under favourable conditions, a soil A-horizon was formed on top of this unit. A new slope accumulation was formed during the Little Ice Age. Within the slope two morphogenetic periods ending with A-horizons are distinguished and related with two main cold–wet climatic events. The study of these slopes provides a great amount of data for the paleoenvironmental and geoarchaeological reconstruction of the late Holocene in NE Spain.     

A distinct element method numerical investigation of compaction processes in highly porous cemented granular materials

In this paper, the results of an oedometric numerical test campaign, performed by means of a 3D Discrete Element Code on idealised cemented granular cylindrical specimens, are illustrated. The idealised microstructure taken into account is characterised by the following: (i) rigid grains bonded to one another; (ii) a high void ratio; and (iii) two different families of voids: the micro and the macro‐voids. The compaction process developing within the specimens, as well as the localization along tabular zones of pure compressive deformation (compaction banding) that in some cases takes place, are discussed. The influence on the evolution of this peculiar strain localization process of many microstructural/numerical parameters like material porosity, macro‐void size, the constitutive relationship adopted for the bonds and the bond damage rate is analysed. Tests for different values of porosity were run. Below a certain porosity threshold value, the onset of mixed modes of localisation was detected whereas the increase in the macro‐void size is observed to favour the onset of instability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东海冷涡中心位置及季节性变化的初步研究

使用1958—2001年SODA温度场资料,较为系统地对东海冷涡附近海域具代表性剖面温度场进行逐月分析,对冷涡中心提取方法进行了总结完善。结果表明,35 m深处冷涡44年的平均中心位于(32.0°N,125.7°E);冷涡的中心位置存在较显著的季节性变化:经向变化方面,由夏季、秋季至冬季,冷涡中心位置自北向南逐渐移动;从冬季、春季至夏季自南向北移动。纬向变化方面,冬季冷涡中心明显偏西,其他季节冷涡中心偏东且中心经度变化不大。以上变化主要是由冷涡周边流场的季节性变化引起的。冷涡中心在冬末春初和秋初表现不明显,这应是由环流场季节性转换导致。     

2018年辽宁地区两次大雾天气成因分析

应用能见度观测仪、风廓线雷达、加密自动站和常规气象观测等资料,从天气学角度对2018年1月17—18日和11月24—25日辽宁地区两次大雾天气特点及边界层热动力条件对大雾形成的影响进行分析。结果表明：两次大雾天气表现与成因较为类似。大雾发展均有两个阶段,且天气背景条件相似。其中大雾第一阶段主要为辐射雾,辽宁中部位于弱辐合带上,大雾出现在偏南气流中,偏南风将海上水汽输送到营口—沈阳一带,辐射降温配合弱的上升冷却作用,形成近地面逆温,同时温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大,导致大雾爆发性发展。大雾第二阶段,在次日07—08时冷平流入侵近地面层,逆温层再次建立导致大雾发展,低层弱冷平流到达地面时间和位置是大雾精细化预报的关键因素。     

1969—2018年金华市舒适度和冷/热日特征分析

利用1969—2018年气象观测资料对金华市年、季尺度的舒适度和冷/热日数进行分析。结果表明：金华市全年和各季节的平均有效温度均呈显著上升趋势,2000年前后稳定超过平均值且上升趋势增加;年均气候倾向率为0.67℃/10 a,各季节的上升趋势不同,其中冬季最大,夏季最小。暖冬或冷冬的概率呈先增后减再略增的N型变化趋势,热夏或凉夏的概率呈弱增加趋势。舒适期呈双峰型分布,主要集中在4—6月和9—10月,其中5月的舒适日数最多。舒适期的50 a平均初、终日分别为4月4日和11月8日,随时间推移,初日呈显著提前趋势（约5.7 d/10 a）,终日呈显著延后趋势（约4 d/10 a）,气候舒适率总体呈不显著的弱上升趋势。年舒适日数和热日数呈显著增加趋势,分别为5.08 d/10 a和2.31 d/10 a,冷日数呈显著下降趋势,达7.39 d/10 a。整体来看,金华市冬季气温较以往更为温暖,夏季更热,春季舒适时间明显增多,秋季的冷不舒适体感时间明显减少。     

Factors influencing seed germination of Cyperus capitatus, inhabiting the moving sand dunes in southern Europe

Cyperus capitatus Vandelli (Cyperaceae) is distributed in coastal sandy habitats and mobile dunes of south Europe. Its seed germination ecology is not known, despite its potential to be used in re-vegetation projects. Laboratory experiments were conduced to assess the effects of salinity, light regime, cold stratification and burial on seed germination of this species. Overall, increasing salinity delayed germination, increased seed dormancy and mean time to germination (MTG), and reduced final germination percentage, inhibiting it completely above 1% of salinity; although it did not affect seed viability. C. capitatus seeds exhibited their greatest germination at levels between 0 and 1% in non-stratified seeds, and between 0 and 0.5% for stratified seeds. Thus, the effect of salt was greater for stratified seeds at 5 °C. Germination in light/darkness conditions was similar to that in full darkness. Finally, burial in sand of C. capitatus seeds appeared to have a significant effect on cumulative percentage of germination. Seeds buried at depths greater than 2 and 3 cm showed a lower germination success than those on sand surface or buried at shallower depths. Burial also affected the beginning and speed of seed germination.     

Effect of Cold Plasma Injection on Whistler Mode Instability Triggered by Perpendicular Ac Electric Field at Uranus

The effect of cold plasma injection on whistler mode instability has been studied separately for a bi-Maxwellian and a loss-cone hackground plasma with perpendicular AC electric field. The cold plasma is described by a simple Maxwellian distribution, whereas a generalized distribution function with index j that reduces to a bi-Maxwellian for j = 0 and to a loss-cone for j = 1 has been derived for a plasma in the presence of a perpendicular AC electric field, to form a hot/warm background. The dispersion relation is obtained using the method of characteristic solutions and kinetic approach. An expression for the growth rate of a system with added cold plasma injection has been calculated. Results of sample theoretical calculations for representative values of parameters suited to the magnetosphere of Uranus has been obtained. The salient features of the analysis and the results obtained in both cases have been compared and discussed. It is inferred that it is not the magnitude but the frequency of the AC field which influences the growth rate and a loss-cone background plasma has a triggering effect on the growth rate, increasing the value of the real frequency and maximum growth rate by an order of magnitude. These results may go a long way to enable one to get a better understanding of whistlers and diagnostics of plasma parameters in the Uranian magnetosphere.     

广东省春季低温阴雨的年景变化趋势分析

利用广州２～３月１９０８～１９９７年平均气温与１９５１～１９９７年平均日照资料，用小波变换分析广东省低温阴雨的年景趋势变化，着重分析重低温阴雨年在小波系数图中的分布特征，并根据分析结果对未来１～２年的低温阴雨年量进行了预测估计；然后 小波方差图确定２～３月平均气温存在４０年、６年左右周期振荡，日照存在４３年左右的周期振荡；最后分析了低温阴雨的年最变化与同期和前期５００ｈＰａ环流场有海温场分布特征的