冰芯与寒区环境开放研究实验室的回顾与展望

对国际和国内冰芯研究的历史与现状,以及冰芯与寒区环境开放研究实验室的硬件（基础建设和仪器设备）和软件（科研力量）方面进行了简介,目前冰芯与寒区环境开研究实验室的三大研究领域：为（１）冰川与大气相互作用过程研究;２）冰芯记录研究;３）雪冰物理学研究,实验室已完成和正承担的课题有３２项,发表论文３００多篇,专著９部,有４项成果获奖,并同国际多家高水平的研究机构合作关系,实验室今后发展目标是,在寒区气候     

ANALYSIS OF SPRING WATER MASSES IN NEARSHORE WATERS OFF YANTAI,WEIHAI AND SHIDAO

This paper uses the hydrographic date obtained during the springs from 1960to 1980 with the temperature and salinty as the major indexes. By combining the method of the chustering analysis which approaches T-S diagram with the study of the geographical characteristics in the aea area, it makes a comprehensive analysis of the development in the straeture of the spring water Basses in the sea area off Yaadtai, Weihai and Shidao and its relations with the fishing periods and fishing zones. The resalts show that the variations in the strength and the position shifting of the cold water in the northern Yellow Sea and off Qiagdao as well as the Warm water in the Yellow Sea will greatly affect the time when the fishing period be-gins as well as the shifting of the positions of the fishing zone in spring.     

近55年东北冷涡与辽西地区降水关系分析

利用1961—2015年辽宁省西部地区18个测站月降水量资料和东北地区209个测站1961—2015年月平均气温资料、NOAA重建的月平均海表温度资料以及88项大气环流指数、26项海温指数资料定义了适用于辽西地区的夏季标准化东北冷涡强度指数(NECVI)和冷涡降水预报因子,并对东北冷涡和辽西冷涡降水进行详细分析,结果表明:近55年,辽西地区冷涡降水夏季和年贡献率整体趋势较稳定,无明显变化,表现出18年左右的显著振荡周期。东北冷涡偏强年,NECVI指数偏大,标准化降水指数(SPI)偏高,对应辽西地区降水偏多;反之,东北冷涡偏弱年,NECVI指数偏小,SPI指数偏低,对应辽西地区降水偏少。前期3月Nino 3区海表温度距平指数、5月黑潮区海温指数、3月西太平洋副高强度指数均与辽西冷涡降水显著相关,具有较好的指示意义,可作为冷涡降水的预报因子,为辽西夏季气候预测和人工影响天气工作的开展提供参考。     

黑河实验（HEIFE）能量平衡和水汽输送研究进展

总结了黑河实验中能量和水汽交换特征研究进展。建立了绿洲同包围它的沙漠环境相互作用基本模型，即绿洲的冷岛效应和沙漠的逆湿现象。绿洲对沙漠观测的主要干拢是沙漠能量平衡中的一个小量，即可以忽略不计的潜热通量。所以黑河实验沙漠和戈壁站能量平衡的基本特征对干旱地区有一定的代表性。     

Stuck in a mess (again): A response to Johnston, Fairbrother, Hayes, Hoare and Jones

A response to Johnston et al.’s criticisms of my earlier paper about the Cold War and geography’s quantitative revolution that I am overly deterministic and fail to prove my case.     

春季西亚地表热力异常与初夏东北冷涡活动年代际变化的联系

基于1979~2015年中国月平均站点温度资料,计算了初夏东北冷涡指数,分析了初夏东北冷涡活动的年代际变化特征。在此基础上,进一步探讨了东北初夏冷涡活动与春季西亚地表热力异常之间的可能联系,并初步讨论了前期西亚地表热力异常影响东北初夏冷涡活动的可能过程。结果表明:（1）1979~2015年间,初夏东北冷涡强度表现出明显的年代际变化特征,2000年前,冷涡活动总体偏强,之后总体减弱。（2）春季西亚地表热力状况在2000年前后也发生了明显的年代际转变:2000年前总体偏冷,之后明显偏暖。（3）春季西亚地区的地表热力异常与东北冷涡活动的在年代际尺度上联系密切。西亚地表异常偏冷,东北冷涡活动偏强;而西亚地表异常偏暖对应了偏弱的冷涡活动。初步分析发现,西亚地表热力因子可能通过影响大气环流分布并通过遥相关型影响我国初夏东北地区冷涡,当然相关的机理还有待深入分析。     

2012年“海葵”台风影响江苏的两段大暴雨特征分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及加密自动气象站资料,对2012年8月8-10日"海葵"台风影响江苏的一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。大暴雨过程有两个不同发展阶段,分析结果表明:两段大暴雨的影响系统不同、热力机制不同导致大暴雨落区、强度的不同。第一段是出现在江苏的沿江和苏南地区的台风本体大暴雨。随着海葵台风在浙江登陆,台风东北象限东南低空急流携带强劲的海上暖湿气流伸至江苏南部,下层暖湿上层干冷的不稳定层结积聚了大量不稳定能量。第二段大暴雨为发生在江苏北部的台风倒槽大暴雨。"海葵"台风减弱向西北移动进入安徽东南部,西南季风的加强和台风倒槽东侧低空东南急流的汇合为强降水提供丰富的水汽,而台风倒槽东侧低空急流携带的暖湿气流与高空槽后冷空气叠加,冷暖空气交汇触发了不稳定能量释放,激发了大暴雨过程的维持和增幅。整段大暴雨过程持续时间长、强度大,第二段比第一段降水区域小、持续时间短,但大暴雨中心过程雨量和降水强度更大。高低空急流耦合作用和强垂直螺旋度柱是此次大暴雨过程的动力抬升机制。     

Early diagenetic formation of carbonates in a clastic-dominated ramp environment impacted by synsedimentary faulting-induced fluid seepage – Evidence from the Late Jurassic Boulonnais Basin (N France)

The Late Jurassic deposits of the Boulonnais area (N-France) represents the proximal lateral-equivalent of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation; they accumulated on a clastic-dominated ramp subject to synsedimentary faulting in relation with the northward propagation of the Atlantic rifting. Within the terrigenous accumulations, some carbonate objects are visible at various conspicuous levels: oyster patch reefs and fine-grained carbonate beds, either continuous, or more or less nodular. Preliminary studies demonstrated that the carbonate beds of the Bancs Jumeaux Formation as well as the carbonate matrix of the oyster patch reefs are of diagenetic origin. In this paper, we extend the study to many other limestone beds of the Boulonnais with mud- or wackestone texture, examining facies and microfacies through various techniques as well as geochemical data (O, C and S stable isotopes, major and trace elements). We conclude that all examined carbonate bodies are of early diagenetic origin and that they precipitated at, or close to, the sea bed, from seawater mixing with ascending fluids containing isotopically light carbon of organic origin. Fluid circulation was probably induced by the extensional block-faulting segmentation of the northern margin of the Boulonnais Basin in Late Jurassic times. Fluid seepages were either channelized along fault planes or more diffuse, as illustrated by the model we propose.     

Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea

Release of methane from the seafloor throughout the world's oceans and the biogeochemical processes involved may have significant effects on the marine sedimentary environment. Identification of such methane release events in marine sediment records can hence provide a window into the magnitude of ancient seeps. Here, we report on analysis of the geochemical composition of samples in a 12.3 m long sediment core (DH-5) collected from a seep site in the South China Sea (SCS). Our aim has been to investigate whether the evidence for the presence of methane release event within sediments is discernible from solid-phase sediment geochemistry. We show that sedimentary total sulfur (TS), δ³⁴S values of chromium reducible sulfur (δ³⁴S_CRS) along with total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) content can be used to infer the presence of methane release events in cold seep settings. At least three methane release events were identified in the studied core (Unit I at 400–550 cm, Unit II at 740–820 cm, and Unit III at 1000–1150 cm). According to the characteristic of redox-sensitive elements (eg., Mo, U and Mn), we suggest that methane flux has been changed from relatively high (Unit I) to low (Unit II and III) rates. This inference is supported by the coupled occurrence of ³⁴S-enriched sulfides in Unit II and III. AMS ¹⁴C dates from planktonic foraminifera in Unit I suggest that high methane flux event occurred at ∼15.4–24.8 kyr BP, which probably resulted in locally-focused aerobic methane oxidation. Overall, our results suggest that TS, TOC, TIC and δ³⁴S_CRS have potential for identifying present and fossil methane release events in marine sediments.