Nanomineralogy of evaporative precipitation of efflorescent compounds from coal mine drainage

Efflorescent nanophases(NPs)are found as a transitory accumulation of potentially hazardous elements(PHEs),particularly in tropical climates.The central objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of PHEs with NPs through the evaporative formation structures(EFS)of enormously PHEs-rich coal-mine drainages(CMD).The EFS were studied in natural coal mine drainage for five months in order to determine their geochemical and ecological structures and to assess their position in the reduction of PHEs in nature.The largest coal-fired power plant in South America,located in south Brazil,is used as an example of such a problem.In this work,a novel methodology for the analysis of PHEs in CMD precipitates is proposed for this affected coal area.The analytical method,combining X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)and advanced electron microscopies,shows the importance of nanomineralogy in understanding different circumstances of coal contamination.Several ultrafine-nanoparticles(UNPs)were identified in the sampled soils and river sediments together with the PHEs.A decrease in PHEs was identified in association with UNPs.However,further investigations are required with regard to the mobility of PHEs in water,atmosphere,soils,and sediments.The EPS was thoroughly studied,acquiring suitable understanding with investigational facts for Ca and Fe-sulphates,pickeringite,and several amorphous phases.     

深埋单斜条件下碳酸岩含水层水文地质特征研究

新生界厚松散层覆盖下隐伏式华北型煤田,从基岩露头向深部开采过程中,煤层底部石炭系和奥陶系含水层富水性存在不同的赋存规律,其岩溶水害威胁安全生产。为此,以淮南顾北煤矿南一采区为例,采用井下放水试验、测试与分析计算方法,采用水量、水位、水质、水温等指标,分析了从露头至深部开采区的二叠系A组煤层下部单斜碳酸岩水文地质条件,结果发现:(1)该区充水水源依次为C3Ⅰ、C3Ⅱ组灰岩水,而与上覆新生界底部含水层不发生水力联系;(2)碳酸岩含水层富水性随深度增加由较强变化为较弱,但在断层控制点为较强;(3)由浅至深矿化度为2.1～2.8 g/L,水质类型由Cl·SO_4-(Na+K)型转变为Cl-(Na+K)型;(4)地下水温度与深度呈正相关,地温梯度为3.44℃/百米。上述研究为南一采区及类似条件华北型水害防治提供依据。     

沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压裂过程数值模拟研究

储层改造是煤层气井提高产能的重要措施,水力压裂是煤层气储层改造的重要方法.为研究煤层气储层压裂过程及其天然裂缝对煤储层压裂时破裂压力的影响,本文以山西沁水盆地南部高煤级煤矿区为研究区,运用有限元数值模拟方法,计算不同地应力条件下、裂缝处于不同位置时煤储层的破裂压力.结果表明:(1)不同类型地应力场对破裂压力的影响不同.对于均匀应力场,破裂压力随着围压的增大而增大,其增幅约为围压的两倍;对于非均匀应力场,当一个水平主应力不变时,破裂压力会随着水平主应力差的增加而减少;(2)如果地应力条件不变,煤储层破裂压力随着天然裂缝与最大水平主应力方向夹角的增加而增加,水平主应力差越大煤储层破裂压力增幅也越大;(3)在有天然裂隙的地层中进行压裂,当天然裂缝的方位不同时压裂裂缝既可能是沿着天然裂缝扩展的裂缝,也可能是压裂过程中产生的新裂缝,因此天然裂缝的方位对破裂压力具有一定的影响.     

当中岗煤矿区二维地震资料解释效果评价

主要从地震资料处理的时间剖面出发,通过反射波特征分析,确定目的层反射波,进而对反射波进行追踪对比,研究时深转换速度,得到各地层的等值线平面图,为地质及钻探提供有效地依据。     

膨胀岩的时效性在深基坑支护工程的应用

鉴于膨胀岩物理力学特性及其工程特性的研究,结合深基坑支护工程使用时间短的自身特点,寻找膨胀岩抗剪强度衰变期与基坑支护工程使用安全期之间的关系,提出如何利用这种时差效应,为工程带来更多经济效益的设计取值方法。以南宁市昌泰东盟园深基坑支护工程为例,通过不同时期的勘察取样以及采取的不同试验方法分析,进一步佐证膨胀岩时效性在深基坑支护工程设计施工中的应用价值。     

浅谈赣东北上二叠统龙潭组层序地层、古地理与乐平煤

赣东北上二叠统龙潭组为一个完整的准二级层序,含15个三级层序,按体系域分七个阶段描述了古地理特点。垂向上水体由浅至深再至浅,横向上南浅北深,有官山段上部、狮子山段、王潘里段上部三个障壁形成期。赣东北龙潭期含煤建造,多数是在潮汐为主的水动力条件下形成的,成煤环境与潮汐带伴生在一起,不同成煤环境形成不同的煤。退积型平缓潮坪,分内、中、外三种亚环境,分别形成富镜质组树皮煤、贫镜质组树皮煤、富镜质组含树皮煤;障壁后潮坪形成富镜质组富树皮煤;三角洲平原和滩脊带形成腐植煤。真正质量最好的乐平树皮煤,只发育在退积型平缓潮坪的中带。不同类型的煤,生烃条件大不相同。     

Discussion on the concepts in paleoenvironmental reconstruction from coal macerals and petrographic indices

Organic facies analyses quantify the coal constituents and plot various associations to discriminate the paleoenvironment for coal bearing successions. This allows the relation of coal composition to mire ecosystems or environments. Coal petrographic models are used extensively to reconstruct the nature of ancient peat forming environments. Many authors proposed relations between specific maceral assemblages and/or micro-lithotypes and peat forming environments. The key controlling factors which affect peat environment include hydrogeology, redox, pH, vegetation type, clastic influx, sedimentation and peat accumulation rate etc. Recent advancements in coal maceral study and organic petrology reveal the pros and cons of the available indices and models. The main reasons for the failure of the petrographic models are – oversimplification of the effects of humification on tissue preservation vs. destruction, the use of post-diagenetic processes (e.g. geochemical gelification) in determining depositional environments, changes in petrographic composition related to floral evolution, geological age, rank increase and compaction, lack of distinction between different inertinite maceral in some models. Here the widely used petrographic indices and models are reviewed based on the observations of several workers and the applicability and concepts of paleo-environmental reconstruction are discussed. A multi-disciplinary approach including petrography, palynology, chemistry etc. has been recommended, which is more logical and scientific than the exclusive use of petrographic composition for paleoenvironmental interpretation.     

贵州盘县煤炭矿区煤（层）的物性及煤质特征研究

综合利用矿产资源现状调查工作成果,全面揭示盘县煤炭矿区已知煤（层）固有的物理化学特征,旨在总结煤炭资源的地质分布规律.区内含煤地层主要为二叠系龙潭组,煤的种类齐全,不同品质煤的分布较规律,煤炭矿区以低硫中挥发分为主,是主要的炼焦用煤和动力用煤,丰富的煤藏助力贵州经济发展.     

构造煤的成因属性分类

前人研究认为构造煤是煤与瓦斯突出的必要条件,构造煤的分类对煤与瓦斯突出的预测和防治有重要意义。(1)根据构造煤参与煤与瓦斯突出过程的突出属性对构造煤重新进行了定义,认为构造煤是构造作用下强度降低、瓦斯异常的煤气双重介质,据此将构造煤划分为01类瓦斯构造煤和01类强度构造煤以及强度和瓦斯都变异的02类构造煤。(2)参考地质构造成因环境下岩石破坏的脆韧性划分方式,将突出属性分类与脆韧性的构造成因特性结合起来,划分出3类脆性构造煤和3类韧性构造煤,分别命名为01类脆性瓦斯构造煤、02类脆性构造煤等。(3)分析了构造煤在煤与瓦斯突出中的作用,低强度构造煤在其周围形成应力集中,瓦斯通过孔隙压力和吸附作用降低煤体强度,而高压瓦斯则是突出发展过程中煤体破坏和抛掷的重要动力源之一。(4)结合成因属性构造煤分类对各种地质因素对构造煤空间分布、构造煤瓦斯的生成和保存条件进行了分析。     

四川高县贾村矿区地质构造形态分析

通过四川省高县贾村矿区庆岭、三胜勘查区煤炭资源勘探(详+精)项目的开展,认真分析研究了矿区地质构造形态,对影响两勘查区的3条主要断层F51、F53、F69做了大量的工作,根据地面勘验和结合钻探实际情况,形成了新的认识。为作好"三边"地质工作,解决目前及未来建井生产中可能遇到的地质问题,在原始的地质构造资料基础上进行分析。