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141.
依据密度测井资料评估煤层的含气量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
煤层甲烷长期以来认为是对采煤工作的危害,只是近十多年来才被认为是一种潜在的能源。煤层不仅是甲烷的储层,而且是甲烷的源岩。煤的物理结构是一种双重孔隙结构,即煤层中含有由基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙组成的孔隙系统。煤层中的气(甲烷)主要吸附在基质孔隙的内表面,是吸附气,而不是存在于骨架粒间的孔隙空间内,因而传统的评价天然气储层含气量的方法虽然不能适合于评估煤层的气含量。本文利用密度测井资料和煤样煤质化验资料确定 相似文献
142.
R. N. Colvile T. W. Choularton J. N. Cape B. J. Bandy K. N. Bower R. A. Burgess T. J. Davies G. J. Dollard M. W. Gallagher K. J. Hargreaves B. M. R. Jones S. A. Penkett R. L. Storeton-West 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):211-239
Four case studies are described, from a three-site field experiment in October/November 1991 using the Great Dun Fell flow-through reactor hill cap cloud in rural Northern England. Measurements of total odd-nitrogen nitrogen oxides (NO
y
) made on either side of the hill, before and after the air flowed through the cloud, showed that 10 to 50% of the NO
y
, called NO
z
, was neither NO nor NO2. This NO
z
failed to exhibit a diurnal variation and was often higher after passage through cloud than before. No evidence of conversion of NO
z
to NO3
- in cloud was found. A simple box model of gas-phase chemistry in air before it reached the cloud, including scavenging of NO3 and N2O5 by aerosol of surface area proportional to the NO2 mixing ratio, shows that NO3 and N2O5 may build up in the boundary layer by night only if stable stratification insulates the air from emissions of NO. This may explain the lack of evidence for N2O5 forming NO3
- in cloud under well-mixed conditions in 1991, in contrast with observations under stably stratified conditions during previous experiments when evidence of N2O5 was found. Inside the cloud, some variations in the calculated total atmospheric loading of HNO2 and the cloud liquid water content were related to each other. Also, indications of conversion of NO
x
to NO
z
were found. To explain these observations, scavenging of NO
x
and HNO2 by cloud droplets and/or aqueous-phase oxidation of NO2
- by nitrate radicals are considered. When cloud acidity was being produced by aqueous-phase oxidation of NO
x
or SO2, NO3
- which had entered the cloud as aerosol particles was liberated as HNO3 vapour. When no aqueous-phase production of acidity was occurring, the reverse, conversion of scavenged HNO3 to particulate NO3
-, was observed. 相似文献
143.
144.
Sediment diatom and chemical analyses of cores from three poorly buffered extra-glacial lakes on the northeastern margin of the Canadian Shield (Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island) record interactions between aquatic and terrestrial spheres that were influenced by late Quaternary climatic conditions. Although differences exist between each of the lakes, notably with regards to the intensity of pre-Holocene catchment erosion and the timing of the onset of organic sedimentation, an underlying pattern of lake ontogeny, common to all three lakes, is identified. Although intensified watershed erosion characterized the Late Wisconsinan and Neoglacial cold periods, the lakes nonetheless remained viable ecosystems at these times. Sudden catchment stabilization during the late-glacial to earliest Holocene is associated with incipient organic sedimentation. Lake-water pH increased at this time, likely in response both longer base cation residence times as lake flushing rates decreased, and enhanced alkalinity production from sediment biogeochemical reactions. Subsequently, as the catchments remained stable during the productive early Holocene (c.9–7 ka BP), then gradually received a renewed increase of minerogenic sedimentation, the breakdown of sources of lake alkalinity resulted in natural acidification. Burial of cation-rich mineral sediments and the loss of permanent sedimentary sinks for the products of microbial reduction likely impeded within-lake alkalinity production, and catchment-derived base cations appeared ineffective in curtailing pH declines. The general nature of the Holocene development of these lakes is similar to that observed elsewhere on crystalline terrains, following deglaciation. Our data therefore suggest that catchment glaciation is not a necessary precursor for models of lake development characterized by initial base cation enrichment and subsequent gradual acidification. 相似文献
145.
煤古植物学:历史、现状与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
据对50年来的文献分析,简要评述了煤古植物学这一分支学科的产生背景,研究现状和未来发展趋势;并指出,煤古植物学尽管有广泛的应用前景,但由于受研究方法和研究手段的限制,它仍处于发展的初级阶段。 相似文献
146.
对砚石台地区地层构造及滑覆构造组成要素、特征、形成机制进行了系统分析,论述了滑覆构造对煤层的影响,预测了-500m标高以下构造形态,提出-500m标高以下无须工作的建议。 相似文献
147.
根据30多年矿井生产实测资料,对中梁山煤矿地质构造进行了分析研究,认为该矿地质构造虽然复杂,但也具有一定的规律,可分为简单、中等、复杂等不同构造区,大断层虽较多但对矿井开采影响不大,只是小型压扭性断层对采矿造成一定困难,故提出开采时应对症下药及保护资源的建议。 相似文献
148.
R. Singh J. K. Singh T. N. Singh B. B. Dhar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(2):63-78
Summary A number of field and laboratory tests have been carried out on more than 15 coal seams of compressive strengths ranging from 19 MPa to 44 MPa to evolve methods which would help in the selection of suitable coaling machines for hard coal seams. The effect of physico-mechanical properties on cuttability were studied in the laboratory for all these coal seams to identify the relevant parameters affecting the specific energy of coal cuttability. These data were subjected to regression analysis to find the best fit for estimation of laboratory specific energy of coal samples on the basis of simple laboratory and field tests for the strength parameters. Field studies were also conducted over a large number of active mechanized coal faces to study in situ cuttability along with the geo-mining conditions of the site. The field and the laboratory data so generated were correlated and an attempt is made to establish a relationship for estimating the field specific energy for a particular capacity of coaling machines by considering the geo-mining domain of the field in totality. 相似文献
149.
文章对1:5万区调工作中变质岩区加强基础岩石学工作的以下3个方面提出了一些看法,1.岩石薄片的研究;2.矿物化学和地质温压计;3.变质岩的岩石组合和构造环境。 相似文献
150.
B.?LavinaEmail author L.Z.?Reznitskii F.?Bosi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(10):599-605
A suite of vanadian magnesiochromites from the Sludyanka metamorphic complex (South Lake Baikal, Russia) were investigated by means of X-ray single-crystal structural refinements and microprobe analyses. Various morphological types of Cr–V-bearing Mg spinels are located in calc–silicate metamorphic rocks, in an assemblage that also contains other Cr–V minerals such as escolaite–karelianite, uvarovite–goldmanite, Cr–V-bearing clinopyroxene, tourmaline, amphibole, mica, etc. Along the suite there is widespread V–Cr substitution (0.14 V3+ 0.95 afu, 1.02 Cr3+ 1.80 afu), and minor, variable Al contents. The Mg content of slightly lesser than 1 afu, is almost constant. Cell parameters and octahedral bond distances increase with V3+. Unexpectedly, the Mg–O tetrahedral bond distance also increases slowly with V3+. This weak dragging effect contributes towards maintaining distortion of the oxygen array with respect to the ideal CCP, thus providing a shielding effect, which reduces V3+–V3+ repulsion. This leads to the energetic stabilization of the structure, in spite of the increase of bond strain with increasing V3+ contents. 相似文献