浙江江山五家垄断层泥的矿物组成及Fe化学种分布特征:对断层活动性质的启示

由于房屋建设开挖,浙江省江山市五家垄出露6条新鲜小断层,属于江绍断裂的次级组成部分.结合野外地质勘查,运用粉晶X射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱技术对五家垄断层的3条小断层(F1、F2与F3)的断层泥和断层围岩进行矿物组成和铁元素化学种分布特征的对比分析与研究发现:断层围岩与断层泥的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,还含有少量钠长石和方解石,其中黏土矿物以伊利石、伊蒙混层和高蒙混层为主,还含有少量的绿泥石、高岭石和极少量的蒙脱石和蛭石;除采自F2断层的JS07样品外,断层围岩中造岩矿物含量高于断层泥,而断层泥黏土含量高于断层围岩;F1断层泥黏土矿物只有伊利石,显示断层带内为一个相对稳定的环境,F2与F3断层泥中伊利石含量低于断层围岩,蒙脱石、伊蒙混层含量高于断层围岩,指示其处于一个潮湿、强氧化环境;F1断层围岩高含量的还原性铁指示断层围岩形成的过程中有还原性物质的参与或者处于相对封闭的环境,F1、F3断层泥与F3上盘高含量的氧化铁亦说明F1、F3断层近期不活跃或者是块体内断层;断层带内黏土矿物的类型及组合与断层带内的氧化还原环境显示五家垄断层处于相对稳定的环境,但断层带内伊利石含量较高,有利于断层活动,五家垄断层的活动性与发震可能性应引起重视.     

Rare-metal pegmatoid granites,markers of the beginning of the Hercynian within-plate stage in the Ol’khon region of the Baikal area

On the background of Early Paleozoic precollisional, syncollisional, and late collisional igneous rocks prevailing in the region (Khaidai and Shara-Nur granitoids and Birkhin gabbroid complex), rare-metal pegmatoid granite bodies and pegmatites along the southern edge of the Ol’khon region are of particular interest. They have a Middle Paleozoic age (390-391 Ma), cut the Caledonides, and belong to different geochemical types. The Anga unit includes amazonite-containing Li-F-B pegmatites, which are also enriched in Ta, Nb, and W. In the Ol’khon Group, only one K-feldspathic body rich in Rb, Be, Nb, W, Sn, Sc, U, and Th, with large crystals of aquamarine, has been found. The compositions of granite-pegmatite bodies and accessory rare-metal minerals have been studied. The rare-metal granite-pegmatites probably form a peripheral zone of the Hercynian within-plate setting widespread in the eastern Baikal area and related to the influence of the Siberian hot spot.     

高温高压实验研究在地学领域的新进展

阐述了静态高温高压实验研究在地学各方面的新进展、新动向、新仪器、新观点和新资料。     

解决江苏窑业发展瓶颈问题初探

砖瓦用粘土分布广泛,但因其矿产和土地的双重属性而特殊;江苏省窑业是数量最多的矿业,所开发的固体资源量也是最多的矿种。长期以来,由于保护耕地复垦等原因,粘土资源匮乏成为制约窑业发展的瓶颈问题。通过调研发现,近年来各地积极探索、拓展土源、开源节流,有效地保障了窑业的可持续发展。     

Measured and computed neutralization potentials from static tests of diverse rock types

Static tests typically are used in the initial stage of environmental assessments to predict the potential for acid mine drainage, and also are used to monitor waste disposal at active mining operations. The neutralization potential (NP) of 19 sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous extrusive rocks was measured by the Sobek method to compare the results with those computed by using the quantitative mineralogy of the rocks and the NP values that were deemed to be appropriate for the individual minerals. Most of the computed NP values of the rocks are lower than the measured values, but a close relationship is evident. If the contents of carbonate minerals are low, the NP in non-ultramafic igneous rocks typically is controlled by the amount of Ca substitution in plagioclase, whereas in ultramafic rocks the NP contribution is dominated by the amount of olivine and serpentine. Compositional and NP analyses of plagioclase concentrates indicate that the NP systematically varies from <1 for the Na end-member to about 14 for compositions near that of the Ca end-member. Among several variables that can affect the Sobek NP values, the volume and normality of the acid added to the sample are well-known to influence the results; however, the temperature and duration of the acidification stage can also have a pronounced effect on the measured NP of some rocks, depending on their mineralogy. Fizz tests to estimate the carbonate content and the consequent acid addition are highly subjective, and the ‘no fizz’ rating is not to be taken literally. The NP results themselves provide a clear indication of whether a sample has been over-acidified or under-acidified in the test procedure.     

Analysis of Swelling and Shrinkage Behavior of Compacted Clays

The impact of the variation in compaction condition on the swelling and shrinkage behavior of three soils has been examined. Two natural soils, namely red soil and black cotton soil, and one artificially mixed soil sample of commercial bentonite with well-graded sand, were studied. Compaction curve for Standard Proctor conditions were plotted and four compaction conditions were selected. Experimental results showed that clay mineralogy dominates over compaction conditions in influencing the swelling and shrinkage behavior of the tested soils. Monitoring of void ratio (e)−water content (w) relations during shrinkage showed that soil specimens generally shrunk in three distinct linear stages. A small reduction in void ratio occurred on reduction in water content during the first shrinkage stage and was termed as initial shrinkage. In second stage, void ratio decreased rapidly with reduction in water content and was termed as primary shrinkage. In third and final stage, reduction in water content is accompanied by a marginal change in void ratio and it’s called residual shrinkage. Irrespective of initial compaction conditions studied, the transition from primary to residual shrinkage for all the specimens occurred within a narrow range of water content (10–15%).     

胶东金青顶金矿床黄铁矿热电性标型特征及其地质意义

金青顶金矿床内黄铁矿热电性标型特征的研究表明：从黄铁绢英岩阶段（Ⅰ）至多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）,黄铁矿热电导型的变化规律是P>N(Ⅲ)→P>>N(Ⅳ);P型黄铁矿热电系数均值α〖TX-〗p和出现率P%由浅部到深部,总体为逐渐降低,局部呈波状起伏,与矿石平均金品位呈正相关关系。黄铁矿的热电系数_温度投图表明,该矿床的成矿温度集中在130～310℃,为中-低温矿床。黄铁矿的P%值由浅部至深部,沿矿体侧伏方向递减,推测成矿热液从NNE下方沿断裂向SSW上方运移,与矿体的侧伏方向一致;黄铁矿热电性参数填图显示,α〖TX-〗p和P%沿矿体侧伏方向出现与富矿段基本吻合的6个局部高值区,在-785 m以下,α〖TX-〗p和P%都呈明显降低趋势,推测Ⅱ号矿体在深部可能趋于尖灭。金青顶金矿床内黄铁矿的导型变化梯度与玲珑西山及玲珑东山金矿床相近,推测其延伸规模可能与玲珑西山及玲珑东山相当。     

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界粘土矿物地球化学特征及其物源分析

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界地层主要分布于准噶尔盆地南缘与天山耦合部位。通过X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界沉积岩样品进行了测试。本文根据样品中常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素（REE）特征以及特征元素比值等地球化学参数,探讨了准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界物源区构造背景、物源性质及风化程度。通过常量、微量元素构造判别图（含量及比值）判断得出中-新生界沉积岩源岩以长英质岩石为主,构造背景为活动性大陆边缘。准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界具有较低化学蚀变指数（CIA）和较高成分成熟度变化指数（ICV）的特征,分布范围分别为52～89、0.37～1.82,反映准南中-新生界物源区古风化程度低、沉积物成分成熟度低,表明物源区构造活动强烈,属于快速剥蚀和搬运的构造环境。     

Re-Os Isotopic Age of Molybdenite of the Jingren Deposit and its Mineralogical Significance of Magnetite,Pyrite and Chalcopyrite

The Jingren deposit is part of the Qimantage metallogenic belt within the eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, the largest metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province, northwestern China. Exploration data show that the metal resources of the Jingren deposit are greater than 93000 t in a mining area of 76.15 km2, which indicates significant exploration potential in the near future. Three W–E-trending faults, F1-3, dominate the extension of the mineralization zone, which consists of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, galena, sphalerite, and molybdenite as well as bismuth-bearing minerals. The deposit contains a large amount of late Triassic intrusive rocks, however, previous research did not reach a consensus on the timing or the origin of the mineralization owing to a lack of geochronological data and poor exposure conditions. In the present study, Re-Os isotopic dating from six molybdenite samples collected from a borehole of the granodiorite in the Jingren deposit using negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry(NTIMS) showed 187 Re and 187 Os concentrations of 0.26–4.40 ppm and 1.03–16.46 ppb, respectively, with an initial 187 Os/188 Os value of 0.06 ± 0.19. This proves that the Jingren deposit has a metallogenic age of(225 ± 4) Ma and is the product of united mineralization of the Qimantage metallogenic belt and that the Jingren deposit might actually be an Indosinian metallogeny. In addition, the Re content of these samples, at 0.42 ppm to 7.00 ppm shows that the mineralization was derived mainly from a crustal source. Furthermore, electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) conducted on chalcopyrite obtained from 22 metallic mineral samples revealed(Fe + Cu)/S ratios of 1.801–1.947 with an average of 1.852, which is lower than the ideal value(1.875). Besides, the main ore body formed in a relatively higher temperature environment than the surrounding rocks in the Jingren deposit. These data indicate that the Jingren deposit formed in a metallogenic environment at lower temperature. Moreover, according to the TiO2-Al2 O3-(MgO+ MnO) and TiO2-Al2 O3-MgO genetic classification diagram for magnetite, the Jingren deposit most likely belongs to the skarn family. In addition, the Co-Ni-As genetic classification diagram of the pyrite indicates sedimentary and skarn genetic characteristics.     

矿物材料刍议

矿物材料研究具有重要意义，本文探讨了矿物材料的涵义、分类、研究内容、与矿物学的关系等问题，并思考了新世纪矿物材料的研究和开发。广义地说，矿物材料是指可供直接或间接使用的固体矿物物质。狭义的矿物材料是指由自然地质作用形成的、有物理、化学性质可供直接使用、由矿物质组成的固体物质。矿物材料可从晶体结构、岩石成因、化学组成、用途、形状和尺寸、生产和制备过程等角度进行分类。矿物材料学是一门研究矿物材料的组成与结构、形成与加工、性能和使用效能四者之间关系与规律的一门科学。它与矿物学等学科有着天然的联系。在新世纪，必须加强矿物材料的应用研究；加强矿物材料学几个研究领域的紧密结合；必须搞好矿物原料和辅助的研究；必须注重环境问题和可持续发展战略。