Preliminary study on weathering and pedogenesis of carbonate rock

South China is the largest continuous distribution area of carbonate rock in the world. The origin of the soils over the bedrock carbonate rock has long been a controversial topic. Here further exploration is made by taking five soil profiles as examples, which are developed over the bedrock dolomitite and limestone and morphologically located in upland in karst terrain in the central, west and north Guizhou as well as west Hunan, and proved to be the weathering profiles of carbonate rock by the research results of acid-dissolved extraction experiment of bedrock, mineralogy and trace element geochemistry. Field, mineralogical and trace element geochemical characteristics of weathering and pedogenesis for carbonate rock are discussed in detail. It is pointed out that weathering and pedogenesis of carbonate rock are important pedogenetic mechanisms for soil resources in karst area, providing a basis for further researches on the origin of soils widely overlying bedrock carbonate rocks in South China. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 498330003) and National Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. 95pre-39).     

Anatomically preserved plants in siderite concretions in the shale split of the Foord Seam: mineralogy, geochemistry, genesis (Upper Carboniferous, Canada)

A shale split in the well-studied Foord Seam (Upper Carboniferous), Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, provides a rare opportunity to study little known siderite concretions with anatomically preserved plants from a limnic basin. Siderite concretions occur throughout the split, commonly as sheet-like, inter-connected lepidodendrid logs, or less frequently as spherical masses; they are typically vuggy. A sample of 14 stratigraphically oriented concretions in the split shows that primary siderite varies from 45% to 80% (wt.%) due to selective replacement by 5% to 40% ferroan dolomite or ankerite in plant tissues. These two minerals show large Mg/Fe and Mg/Ca variability and are Fezoned. Clay content ranges from trace to 20%, and quartz from 5% to 10%. Partial cell-wall destruction by erosion and changeable oxic/anoxic conditions, prior to siderite permineralization, resulted in preservation mainly of the more resistant plant tissues. On average, carbon from siderite is isotopically heavier (+4.8±1.9 0/00) than that from ‘dolomite' (−7.2±1.1 0/00). The distribution of and the positive correlation between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O probably reflects the two fractionation processes associated with methanogenesis and ‘dolomitization', respectively, in the genetic history of the siderite concretions in the split. Siderite concretions formed diagenetically early from bicarbonate under reducing conditions in a slightly alkaline freshwater environment that precluded calcite deposition.     

Eomatsucoccus andrewi sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccinea) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England

Eomatsucoccus andrewi sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccinea: Matsucoccida) has been established on the basis of a wing impression from the Lower Weald Clay (Hauterivian, Lower Cretaceous) at Keymer Tileworks, West Sussex, southern England. It differs from the other two Lower Cretaceous species, E. sukachevae Koteja and E. popovi Koteja, in wing size (c. 3.3 mm long) and shape (gradually tapering towards apex). The taxonomy and palaeontology of the matsucoccids are discussed.     

由盐湖卤水合成球形纳米硅酸镁锂

用青海柴达木盆地的盐湖卤水为原料,经浓缩后用水热法直接合成球形纳米硅酸镁锂,此方法充分利用了盐湖资源,无需镁锂分离。同时对样品进行了X-ray、TEM表征、计算了比表面积和粒径。     

Novel green technology for wastewater treatment: Geo-material/geopolymer applications for heavy metal removal from aquatic media

The aim of this paper is to show the concise chemico-physical adsorbent performance of water purification systems utilizing geo-(e.g., allophane, clinoptilolite, and smectite) and bio-polymer materials(e.g.,chitosan or cellulose nanocomposite materials) and to propose an optimal ground-water remediation technique. The performance of geo-materials is evaluated based on the individual sorption and immobilization capacities for various priority substances and pollutants(e.g., lead, zinc, cadmium, c...     

Influence of cohesion on California bearing ratio of clay-gravel mixtures

An understanding of the behavior of cohesive sediment is required to solve various engineering problems such as scour around bridge elements, mitigation of soil erosion, pavement design, river bed degradation,stable channel design. Pavement foundation designers principally use the California bearing ratio(CBR)to describe the subgrade and subbase materials and their strength. Several laboratory experiments were done to study the variation in the CBR of cohesive mixtures comprised of clay-gravel m...     

基于贝叶斯框架的各向异性页岩储层岩石物理反演技术

页岩岩石物理建模旨在建立页岩矿物组分、微观结构、流体填充与岩石弹性参数的关系.对四川盆地龙马溪组页岩进行岩石物理建模研究,针对页岩黏土含量高、层间微裂缝发育等特点,利用Backus平均理论描述页岩黏土矿物弹性参数,利用Chapman理论计算与水平微裂缝有关的VTI各向异性,并利用Bond变换考虑地层倾角的影响.提出以黏土矿物纵、横波速度和孔隙纵横比为拟合参数进行岩石物理反演的方法,并引入贝叶斯框架减小反演的多解性.由已知的黏土矿物纵、横波速度和孔隙纵横比作为先验信息,并以测井纵、横波速度作为约束条件建立反演的目标函数,同时利用粒子群算法进行最优化搜索.计算结果表明,基于先验约束和粒子群算法的反演方法能够较准确地反演黏土矿物的弹性参数、孔隙形态参数以及裂缝密度等参数.计算得到的黏土纵、横波速度较高,并且在一定范围内变化,这可能与龙马溪组页岩的黏土矿物组分中具有较高弹性模量的伊利石含量较高有关,同时也与黏土定向排列等微观物性特征有关.反演得到的裂缝密度与纵波各向异性参数ε呈明显的正相关,而与横波各向异性参数γ相关性较小.另外,页岩各向异性参数与黏土垂向的纵横波速度有较强的相关性.     

四川瀑布沟地区断裂破碎带的物质成分与断裂活动年代

本文主要研究断层泥中新生的粘土矿物特征,并研究断层泥中石英碎砾表面溶蚀的显微形貌结构特征。粘土矿物以X-射线衍射分析为主,石英碎砾则利用扫描电子显微镜对其显微形貌结构进行分析,并根据石英表面溶蚀的形貌特征来探讨断裂活动的相对年代     

邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中磷灰石的成因矿物学研究

氧逸度为有效的氧分压,是实验岩石学中重要的研究课题,岩浆的氧逸度是继温度、压力、浓度等影响成岩成矿过程的关键性物理化学参数。本文利用磷灰石的氧逸度计,对邯邢地区六大主要岩体的岩浆氧逸度进行了计算。研究结果显示,样品中的磷灰石主要为羟-氟磷灰石,磷灰石的形态、成分和结构特征指示其为岩浆成因。磷灰石中的Mn元素在晶格中有两种方式,多以Mn3＋和Mn5＋的方式进入晶格。磷灰石氧逸度计计算的logfo2为-12.31~-9.75,均值-11.02。参考与磷灰石共生角闪石的形成温度,认为邯邢地区岩浆岩普遍具有较高的氧逸度。根据磷灰石氧逸度值与矿床规模的填图结果,认为并非氧逸度越高越有利于邯邢式铁矿的形成。结合矿物学填图等值线闭合的趋势,进而推断邯邢地区中部的符山和武安岩体深部可能仍存在较好的找矿远景。     

风险评价与风险控制技术在矿山企业中的应用

为更好地适应新形势下安全生产的需要,矿山企业结合自身的特点,以现代的系统的安全管理模式替代原来传统的管理模式,应用风险评价与风险控制技术,搭建一个以“风险控制为核心”的规范化、结构化、系统化的新的安全管理平台,可以有效地控制风险,防止和遏制各类事故的发生。