外资和尼泊尔本土能源项目建设状况遥感对比监测研究（英文）

外资在发展中国家水电站建设中发挥着重要作用。外资在水电站建设过程中会遇到哪些新问题,已成为国际投资者关注的重要问题之一。为了解决这一问题,本文比较了尼泊尔上崔树里3A水电站（由中国政府银行全额出资）和拉苏瓦加迪电站（由尼泊尔拉苏瓦区当地政府银行出资）的建设情况。利用道路、建筑物、大坝和车辆等指标,采用目视判读方法,从2012年至2020年的1m分辨率高分遥感影像中提取监测指标,对比监测两座水电站的建设情况。采用两种方法对比监测了两座电站建设对生态环境的影响。首先,在两个电站建设期内（上崔树里3A水电站监测周期为2012年至2020年,拉苏瓦加迪电站监测周期为2014年至2020年）,利用30 m Landsat 7/8卫星数据,对比评估了两座电站建设期内的归一化植被指数变化情况。然后,利用1 m分辨率高分遥感影像,采用目视判读方法,对比监测两座电站周边的土地利用变化情况。最后,分析和比较影响这两个电站施工过程、环境影响和社会经济影响的因素。结果表明：（1）尽管地质灾害、新冠疫情、印度政府禁令等诸多因素影响了尼泊尔各项目的建设,中国投资的上崔树里3A水电站与尼泊尔本土投资的拉苏瓦加迪电站...     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit (73240 t) in Heilongjiang Province,China

The Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit(20000 t Sn at 0.27%,236 t Ag at 122.89 g/t,15000 t Pb at 0.84%,and 38000 t Zn at 1.43%)is located in the Wandashan Terrane of the easternmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The timing of Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic mineralization remains unclear due to a lack of precise isotope dating directly conducted on ore minerals.The authors herein report that the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of cassiterite and zircon from the granite porphyry in the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit are 101.4±7.9 Ma and 115.4±1.0 Ma,respectively,indicating that Sn mineralization and magmatism occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The granite porphyry belongs to the subalkaline series peraluminous I-type granites that are depleted in Nb,Ta,and Ti and enriched in Rb,Th,U,and Pb.TheεHf(t)values of the granite porphyry range from 0.9 to 7.4,with an average of about 5.6 and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 705–1116 Ma,with an average age of 819 Ma.The ε_Nd(t)values of the apatites are–1.60–0.45,with an average of–0.9,and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 872–1040 Ma,with an average age of 983 Ma.The Nd-Hf isotope data indicate that the magma may have been derived from the partial melting of juvenile crustal material.     

Mid–Late Triassic metamorphic event for Changhai meta-sedimentary rocks from the SE Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt,North China Craton: Evidence from monazite U–Th–Pb and muscovite Ar–Ar dating

The precise constraints on the timing of metamorphism of the Changhai metamorphic complex is of great importance considering the prolonged controversial issue of the north margin and the extension of the Sulu–Dabie HP–UHP Belt. While the monazite U–Th–Pb and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar techniques are widely accepted as two of the most powerful dating tools for revealing the thermal histories of medium–low grade metamorphic rocks and precisely constraining the timing of metamorphism. The Changhai metamorphic complex at the SE Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt, North China Craton consists of a variety of pelitic schist and Grt–Ky-bearing paragneiss, and minor quartzite and marble. Analyses of mineral inclusions and back-scattered electric (BSE) images of monazites, combined with LA–ICP–MS U–Th–Pb ages for monazites and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for muscovites, provide evidence of the origin and metamorphic age of the Changhai metamorphic complex. Monazites separates from various Grt–Mus schists and Grt–Ky–St–Mus paragneisses exhibit homogeneous BSE images from cores to rims, and contain inclusion assemblages of Grt + Mus + Qtz ± Ctd ± Ky in schist, and Grt + Ky + St + Mus + Pl + Kfs + Qtz inclusions in paragneiss. These inclusion assemblages are very similar to matrix minerals of host rocks, indicating they are metamorphic rather than inherited or detrital in origin. LA–ICP–MS U–Th–Pb dating reveals that monazites of schist and paragneiss have consistent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages ranging from 228.1 ± 3.8 to 218.2 ± 3.7 Ma. In contrast, muscovites from various schists show slightly older ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 236.1 ± 1.5 to 230.2 ± 1.2 Ma. These geochronological and petrological data conclude that the pelitic sediments have experienced a metamorphic event at the Mid–Late Triassic (236.1–218.2 Ma) rather than the Paleoproterozoic (1950–1850 Ma), commonly regarded as the Precambrian basement for the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. Hence, the Changhai metamorphic complex should be considered as a discrete lithotectonic group.This newly recognized Mid–Late Triassic metamorphic event (236.1–218.2 Ma) for the Changhai metamorphic complex is coeval with the HP–UHP metamorphic event (235–220 Ma) for Sulu–Dabie rocks. This leads us to speculate that the metamorphism of the Changhai complex belt along the SE margin of the North China Craton was genetically related to the Mid–Late Triassic collision of the North China and South China cratons. By the same token, the Sulu–Dabie HP–UHP Belt may have extended through Yantai, and the southern Yellow Sea, and to the southern side of the Changhai metamorphic complex.     

北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时空分布特征及其构造意义

北疆及邻区发育大量的花岗岩,其中石炭-二叠纪花岗岩较为突出。本文总结了该期花岗岩的时空分布特征。北疆及邻区不同构造单元石炭-二叠纪花岗岩特征不同,形成时代峰期也不一致。在阿尔泰,该期花岗岩主要集中在早二叠世(289～266Ma),晚石炭世出现一个明显的岩浆宁静期;西准噶尔可以分为早石炭世(340～320Ma)和晚石炭世—早二叠世(310～290Ma)两期,后一期较强,铝质A型花岗岩分布广泛是该地区的一个重要特征,形成时代集中在300Ma左右;东准噶尔地区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩多沿断裂带展布,岩浆活动从晚石炭世一直延续到早二叠世(320～270Ma),该地区最大的特点是发育多条碱性(A型)花岗岩带,在晚石炭世—早二叠世连续产出。西天山大致可以分为3期:早石炭世(355～345Ma)、早石炭世晚期—晚石炭世(335～305Ma)和二叠纪(300～255Ma)。早石炭世花岗岩主要集中在北天山,早二叠世花岗岩浆活动最为强烈,其中的碱性(A型)花岗岩不仅在南天山呈带状大面积分布,在北天山也有发育;东天山—北山是区内石炭-二叠纪花岗岩最为发育的地区,岩体数量多,分布面积广,锆石年龄主要集中在335～310Ma和300～270Ma,相对来说来东天山石炭纪花岗岩较多,北山二叠纪花岗岩较多。总体而言,北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时代主要集中在晚石炭世—早二叠世,特别是早二叠世,整体展现出同步性,这个时期碱性岩最发育,可能揭示了不同构造背景下的伸展特点。这是整个中亚造山带及邻区大量的酸性和基性-超基性岩浆活动及暗示的伸展环境的一个缩影。     

北京环城游憩带旅游地类型与空间结构特征

本文针对我国城市居民以城市周边为目的地近距离旅游日益增长的现象 ,以北京市行政区域内除东城、西城、崇文、宣武四个城区以外 14个区县中的 2 35处旅游地作为研究样本 ,按照地复合分类法根据旅游地的资源属性和旅游活动的性质将旅游地分为 9种类型 ,根据北京市情况可归并为 4类 ;运用空间结构、计量地理学理论以及地理信息系统、电话调查等技术手段 ,将四类 2 35处旅游地的大量数据分别进行了城市中心距离、回转半径法、空间分布曲线、空间离散指数等旅游计量地理研究 ,从而得出北京环城游憩带旅游地的空间结构特征     

Geochemistry, Geochronology and Isotopic Evolution of the Chewore-Rufunsa Terrane, Southern Irumide Belt: a Mesoproterozoic Continental Margin Arc

The southern Irumide Belt (SIB) is an ENE–WSW-trending,late Mesoproterozoic orogenic belt located between the Congo–Tanzania–Bangweulu(CTB) and Kalahari cratons in central southern Africa. It isseparated from the late Mesoproterozoic Irumide Belt (IB) tothe north by Permo-Triassic graben, raising the possibilitythat the younger rifts reactivated a suture between the twobelts that has been rendered cryptic as a result of youngerKaroo cover. Both belts are dominated by calc-alkaline gneisses,but in addition the SIB contains abundant metavolcanic and metasedimentaryrocks. In this study we present detailed geochemical, isotopicand geochronological data for volcanic and plutonic lithologiesfrom the southernmost part of the SIB, the Chewore–RufunsaTerrane. This terrane comprises a wide variety of supracrustalto mid-crustal rocks that have major- and trace-element compositionssimilar to magmas formed in present-day subduction zones. Chondrite-normalizedrare earth element (REE) profiles and whole-rock Sm–Ndisotope compositions indicate that the parental supra-subductionmelts interacted with, and were contaminated by sialic continentalcrust, implying a continental-margin-arc setting. Secondaryionization mass spectrometry dating of magmatic zircon has yieldedcrystallization ages between c. 1095 and 1040 Ma, similar toelsewhere in the SIB. U–Pb dating and in situ Lu–Hfisotopic analyses of abundant xenocrystic zircon extracted fromthe late Mesoproterozoic granitoids indicate that the contaminantcontinental basement was principally Palaeoproterozoic in ageand had a juvenile isotopic signature at the time of its formation.These data are in contrast to those for the IB, which is characterizedby younger, c. 1020 Ma, calc-alkaline gneisses that formed bythe direct recycling of Archaean crust without significant additionof any juvenile material. We suggest that the SIB developedby the subduction of oceanic crust under the margin of an unnamedcontinental mass until ocean closure at c. 1040 Ma. Subsequentcollision between the SIB and the CTB margin led to the cessationof magmatism in the SIB and the initiation of compression andcrustal melting in the IB. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; Mesoproterozoic; SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating; Sm–Nd isotopes; Southern Irumide Belt     

今天的中国为什么比任何时候都需要世界地理学

世界地理作为中国地理学的重要分支学科,特指研究中国以外区域或国家的地理学科,是中国特有的学科分类现象。中国地理学的这种内外有别的思想对世界地理发展危害甚大,至今都难以消弭。忽视世界地理研究,就会有只见树木、不见森林之虞。为了贯彻落实党的“十九大”精神,繁荣探索新型科研组织机制,打造一流世界地理学科,服务国家重大国际战略需求,来自国内高校、科研院所的百余人齐聚一堂,探讨中国世界地理学科发展之路。与会专家一致认为：地理学是国家发展的法宝,是立国之本。当前世界政治经济格局加速重构,为中国地理学发展带来了前所未有的历史机遇,也赋予地理学特别是世界地理学学科新的重大历史使命。为此,须充分发挥地理学科的优势和特长,紧跟国家和世界发展大势,树立全球眼光,面向国家重大战略需求,把自然与人文结合起来,面向可持续发展,团结国内各相关单位,进行跨学科研究,提升世界地理学科为二级学科,构建具有中国特色的世界地理学理论体系、逻辑框架和学科范式,提升中国地理学科,特别是世界地理学科服务国家和地方发展的能力。     

“一带一路”视角下城市技术合作网络演化特征与影响因素研究

采用2007-2018年的PCT专利合作数据,基于“一带一路”视角,分段刻画城市技术合作网络的拓扑结构、空间格局及其时空演化,利用负二项回归方法分析其演化的邻近性机理,结果表明:①拓扑结构方面,网络整体规模经历了从“规模扩大”到“联系增强”的演化过程,中国城市逐渐占据网络的核心层级.②空间格局方面,“一带一路”城市之间...     

长江经济带三大城市群城际客运联系网络结构对比分析

“流空间”是人文-经济地理学关注的重要议题。基于城际客运交通流数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析、城市联系强度模型等方法对长江经济带长三角、长江中游、成渝三大城市群城际客运联系网络结构特征进行刻画,结果表明：①长三角城市群城际客运联系网络以上海市为主核心,苏州、南京、杭州为次核心,通过核心城市向外延伸的交通轴线组成相互之间联系紧密的城市网络,西部与南部地区的联系相对较弱;长江中游城市群城际客运联系网络以武汉、长沙、南昌三个省会城市为核心节点,周边次中心城市与其省会交通联系紧密,但城市间跨省联系较弱,本省城市仅与另外两个省会城市存在突出的向心性联系;成渝城市群高等级联系网络大多指向成都、重庆主城区,次级区域中心城市发育不足,成渝城市主轴线在强交通联系推动下发育成型,但川渝接壤地区的城际客运联系存在“断层”。②长江经济带三大城市群在网络化演化进程中,具有城市群“等级-网络”的基本演化特征,其中成渝城市群、长江中游城市群仍处于“核心-边缘”的双核或三核结构,长三角城市群已出现多核网络化发展趋势。③高速铁路作为新兴要素流,对公路、普通铁路等传统要素流具有明显的替代效应,增强了三大城市群核心城市向外延伸的轴线联系,是驱动城市群城际客运联系网络结构演变的新动力。     

Zircon U–Pb ages of granitic and mafic dikes associated with granitoids and metamorphic rocks of the Ryoke Belt in the eastern Kii Peninsula,southwest Japan

Zircon U–Pb dates for felsic and intermediate to mafic dikes intruding into the Ryoke granitoids and metamorphic rocks at selected outcrops in the Takamiyama area of the eastern Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan, were determined along with their geology and petrography to reveal the history of Cretaceous magmatism. At each outcrop, the felsic and intermediate to mafic dikes exhibit specific structures that are indicative of magma intermingling and have coeval intrusion ages of ca. 81–77 Ma. Our zircon U–Pb data complement previously published data, suggesting that the mafic magmatism continued intermittently from 83 to 76 Ma in the Takamiyama area and that magmatism migrated eastward within the Ryoke Belt. A comparison of intrusion ages between a dike and a host Ryoke granitoid at one outcrop indicates that the host rock experienced ductile deformation at ~88 to ~83 Ma. Judging from the small number of zircons and the concordant date distributions, we didn't recognize the evidence suggesting the partial melting of the host rocks, as Nakajima et al. (Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 2021, 127, 69–78) reported.