试论华北地台西北缘多金属硫铁矿控矿因素

裂谷系-克拉通边缘断陷带-同生断裂-断陷盆地是华北地台西北缘元古宙层控型多金属硫铁矿最重要的控矿格局。矿床具有明显的层控、时控和岩控特征。枢扭带线型构造控制一、二级盆地及矿带、矿田的空间展布;同生断裂控制有硫化物堆积的三级盆地;伸展构造在横向上的互补作用导致岩(矿)层走向上的伸、缩变化;低补偿与超补偿沉积界面为硫化物沉淀提供了有利的物理、化学场;同沉积火成活动为含矿热液的对流循环提供了足够的能量。深入研究并正确认识上述控矿因素的控矿作用对于指导该区乃至同类矿床的普查找矿和成矿预测具有重要意义。     

吉林省延边地区二叠纪的三类植物群与古陆缘再造

吉林省延边地区早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世早期存在着开山屯、解放村、青沟子等二处不同类型的植物群、前者属华夏植物群,中间为华夏与安加拉混生植物群,后者则是安 拉植物群,反映出和龙地块北部陆缘活动带、兴凯地块西部陆缘活动带、佳木斯地块东南部陆缘活带达三者鼎足而立的古地理展布格局。阐明这三类不同植物群的古植物地理区的属性,不仅藉以证明上三地块间各自陆缘活动带的存在及其相互关系,且将为解决延边地区争论至今的二     

南海北部陆坡区海底峡谷地貌、沉积特征及控制因素

南海北部陆坡发育众多海底峡谷,其形成、发育、演化过程都存在较大差异。本文选取南海北部陆坡典型的珠江口外海底峡谷群、东沙海底峡谷、台湾浅滩南海底峡谷和澎湖海底峡谷进行研究,通过高分辨率多道地震数据和多波束测深数据,结合前人研究成果,对4条典型海底峡谷的形态特征、沉积充填特征及结构、形成发育过程及控制因素进行研究。结果表明,南海北部陆缘各个海底峡谷的形成受多个控制因素的影响,其影响程度及方式都有差别。构造活动、海平面变化及沉积物重力流与海底峡谷的演化密切相关,而陆地河流和局部构造因素也以不同方式影响着海底峡谷的发育。对于发育在主动大陆边缘的台湾岛东南侧的澎湖海底峡谷,其板块运动和岩浆活动活跃,其上发育的海底峡谷的控制因素以内营力地质作用为主。而具有被动大陆边缘属性的其他3条峡谷,由于构造运动较少或停止,其上发育的海底峡谷的控制因素以外营力地质作用为主。     

华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩系中的杏仁体——热水成矿作用的证据

在华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩的矿化部位,普遍存在着特征明显的杏仁体,有的杏仁体甚至构成了矿化体,前人对此研究很少。对杏仁体的结构、构造特征及充填矿物进行了系统研究,详细论述了杏仁体的形成机制及其与成矿热水流体和成矿作用的关系,指出杏仁体是在华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩内进行找矿勘查的重要标志。     

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床中英云闪长岩的锆石UPb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

对赛坝沟英云闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试及岩石地球化学分析。结果表明,英云闪长岩的形成年龄为（470.4±5.2）Ma,属中奥陶世。英云闪长岩SiO2含量为62.46%~64.19%,平均为63.20%,Al2O3含量为14.39%~15.01%,平均为14.71%,全碱含量（K2O+Na2O）为2.32%~3.55%,平均为3.08%,富Na贫K,铝饱和指数A/CNK值为1.09~1.26,属低钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,表现出Ba、Th等元素富集,Nb、P、Ti等元素强烈亏损。英云闪长岩稀土元素总量（ΣREE）偏低,轻重稀土分馏程度较低,Eu基本无异常,在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上,呈舒缓"右倾型"。结合区域构造演化史及英云闪长岩的形成年龄,认为赛坝沟英云闪长岩为I型花岗岩,形成于消减带陆缘弧构造环境。结合赛坝沟金矿的年代学研究,认为赛坝沟金矿成矿作用与中奥陶世英云闪长岩的岩浆活动并无成因联系。     

Discussion on evolution of Min Jiang River: Heavy mineral evidence from the Quaternary fluvial sediments in Yibin area,Sichuan Province

Heavy minerals deposited on river terraces can be used to reflect source rock properties and reveal river evolutionary processes. This study focused on the heavy minerals deposited in the lower Min Jiang River terraces and in the modern deposits. We studied paleo-current direction, characteristics of the heavy mineral assemblages, characteristic metamorphic minerals and heavy mineral characteristic indices. The results show that the lower reaches of the Min Jiang River Ⅴ- to Ⅲ-level terrace deposits consist dominantly of magmatic rock type, which mainly comes from the Longmen Shan mountain tectonic belt. The heavy minerals deposited in modern sediment come from the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt. The heavy mineral characteristic indices suggest that this change is due to headward erosion of the Min Jiang River. Affected by the phase B of the Kunhuang movement, the Min Jiang River was incised to the Wenchuan area at 0.73-0.7 Ma and the Ⅴ-level terrace formed. The Min Jiang River was strongly cut down at 0.5-0.3 Ma due to the phase C of the Kunhuang movement, and as a result the Ⅳ-level terrace formed. Influenced by Gonghe movement, the Min Jiang River was incised to the stone mark and Ⅲ-level terrace formed in 0.11-0.09 Ma. After that, the modern Min Jiang River was formed at around 27 ka.     

THE FINE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF NORTH CHINA BLOCK REVEALED BY DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE

The study area is located at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China Block. In order to study the fine crustal structure and the deep-shallow structural features of faults in this area, we conducted deep seismic reflection profiling with the seismic profile of 100km long, directing NE-SW in Zhumadian City, Henan Province, and got clear lithospheric structure images along the profile. As regards the data acquisition, we applied the geometry of 25m group interval, 1000 recording channels and more than 60 folds. Seismic wave exploding applies the 30kg shots of dynamite source with the borehole depth of 25m. The shot interval is 200m. In data processing, we focused on improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Data processing methods mainly include first break removal, tomographic static correction, abnormal amplitude elimination, amplitude compensation, pre-stack denoising, surface consistent deconvolution, velocity analysis, several iterations of the residual static correction, dip moveout, post-stack time migration and post-stack denoising, etc. The profile with high signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. The reflection wave group characteristics is obvious in the crust, which reflects abundant information about geological structure. Along the profile, the crust is characterized by double-layer reflection structure, and the Moho surface is composed of a series of laminated arc-shaped strong reflections. The thickness of the upper crust is about 14.8~20.7km, and the total thickness of the crust is about 32.0~35.1km. The upper crust is dominated by the inclined, densely stratified or arc-shaped reflections. The lower crust is dominated by arc-shaped and inclined reflection, and there is a reflective transparent zone under the Moho surface. The reflection sequences with different directions and shapes in the upper crust constitute the nappe structure in southwest segment and the structural model of two concaves with one uplift in NE segment, which correspond to the north Qinling nappe, Zhumadian-Huaibin depression, Pingyu-Xiping uplift and a secondary depression, respectively. There are abundant arc-shaped reflection sequences in the lower crust, which may represent multi-stage magmatic activities. The deep seismic reflection profile shows that faults in the upper crust are well developed. According to the characteristics of reflected wave field in the profile, four groups of fault structure which contain ten faults with different scales are interpreted. Among them, faults F_P1, F_P2 and F_P3 constitute the thrust fault system in the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, and F_P5 and F_P7 are boundary faults of Zhumadian-Huaibin depression. These faults are all developed within the upper crust. In addition, the Fault F_PM is a large fault that cuts through the lower crust and Moho surface. The deep seismic reflection profile reveals the crustal structure and deep-shallow structural features of faults at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block, which provides seismological evidence for the analysis of structural differences, the deep earth's interior processes and deep-shallow structural relationships between the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block. The lower crust of the study area is divided into two parts by deep faults that dislocate the Moho surface. These two parts have distinct reflective structures, suggesting that the area has experienced intense complex tectonic movements. The faults in the upper crust control the formation of basin-mountain structure and stratigraphic deposition of this area. And deep faults in the crust that disrupt Moho surface create conditions for the upwelling and energy exchange of deep materials. All of these have regulated the composition of material and the distribution of energy in the crust. The deep faults cutting through the lower crust and Moho surface and the south-dipping arc-shaped and inclined strong reflection sequences developed in the lower crust should indicate the large-scale subduction of the southern margin of the North China block towards the south-trending Qinling orogenic belt.     

青海省柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的找矿——以夏日哈木镍矿为例

夏日哈木铜镍矿是在东昆仑造山带首次被发现的岩浆熔离型矿床,该类型矿床是青海省铜镍矿勘查研究方向之一.笔者通过夏日哈木镍矿成矿特征研究认为:碰撞伸展环境是夏日哈木超大型镍-钴硫化物矿形成的基本条件,成岩成矿年龄集中于早泥盆世,岩体侵位于古元古代金水口白沙河组,参与后期混染成矿作用.对柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的成矿条件分析发现:泥盆纪热事件显示柴达木盆地南、北缘在该期均发生了碰撞伸展作用和成矿作用,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩均侵入古老地层,地层硫参与成矿作用;成矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体与物探磁异常,Ni、Co、Cu组合异常相对应.综合分析,柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的找矿潜力大,提出了今后柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿勘查重点是柴达木南缘的昆中岩浆弧带、柴达木北缘高压变质岩带、欧龙布鲁克陆块.     

U–Pb zircon dating of post-obduction volcanic-arc granitoids and a granulite-facies xenolith from New Caledonia. Inference on Southwest Pacific geodynamic models

In New Caledonia, the occurrence of one of the World’s largest and best-exposed subduction/obduction complex is a key point for the understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the whole Southwest Pacific region. Within the ophiolite, pre-and post-obduction granitoids intrude the ultramafic allochthon and provide new time constraints for the understanding of obduction processes. At 27.4 Ma, a new East-dipping subduction generated the active margin magmatism along the western coast of the island (Saint-Louis massif). At 24.3 Ma, the eastward shift of the magma activity and slightly different geochemical features (Koum-Borindi massif) was either related to the older slab break-off; or alternatively, due to the eastward migration of the mantle wedge following the collision of the eastern margin of the Low Howe rise. Finally, the occurrence of a granulite-facies xenolith in the Koum-Borindi massif with comparable 24.5 Ma U–Pb zircon age and isotopic features (initial ε_Nd = 5.1) suggests that these evolved magmas were generated within the lithospheric mantle beneath a continental crust of normal thickness. Geochronological evidence for continuous convergence during the Oligocene infers an East-dipping Eocene-Oligocene subduction/obduction system to have existed in the Southwest Pacific from the d’Entrecasteaux zone to the North Island of New Zealand.     

从德令哈地震分析青藏高原北缘东段的深部构造活动

在祁连山南北布设的10台REFTEK宽频地震仪器记录到了2003年4月发生在仪器台阵范围内的6．7级地震及其数十次余震,提供了研究青藏高原北缘深部构造的新资料,对3级以上震源的定位和震源机制研究结果表明,柴达木盆地北缘逆冲左行走滑断裂东段的宗务隆山逆冲断裂在南北挤压作用下引发了此次地震活动,是陆陆碰撞和内陆俯冲的结果,青藏高原北缘的走滑断裂在浅部呈缓倾斜,深部往往以较陡的产状向下延伸。震源区的构造分析证实了印度板块岩石圈的超深俯冲作用对高原北缘的影响,受南北向应力作用影响形成的走滑断裂近东西向的位移目前仍很剧烈。