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121.
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田盒8气藏为弹性驱动的河流相低效气藏,储层非均质性强,在开发中普遍见水。根据试采情况将气藏储层分为气层、水层、气水层三类,开展气、水层的测井识别研究。以区内26口井50个射孔层段各层的试油结果作为依据,选出了700个样本点作为判识建模的标本,以声波时差和中子孔隙度等8个原始测井值作为判识变量组合,采用模糊判别分析,建立了各层的判识模型。回判结果表明,模型对气层精度达到97%,水层为89%,气水层为94%。利用未参加建模的出水井射孔段对模型进行验证,判识结果基本符合实际情况,模型具有较高精度。 相似文献
122.
123.
林南仓属于低瓦斯矿井,但存在高瓦斯区域。煤层和采空区是瓦斯的主要来源,尤以采空涌出量大,给煤矿生产和安全带来了极大隐患。通过在1129综采工作面风道施工高位瓦斯孔,把钻孔打到采空区一侧煤层顶板以上冒落裂隙带内,用钻孔进行瓦斯抽放,使采空内的瓦斯通过裂隙带沿钻孔抽出,有效降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度,保证综采工作面正常回采和安全生产。 相似文献
124.
Surface contamination with radioactive caesium introduced into the environment after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear
plant was high enough in the Crimean Mountains to allow using radiocaesium as an indicator of penetration of radioactive contamination
into a karst system. Caesium concentrations have been studied in soils above Marble Cave, Tchatyrdag Plateau, in percolation
waters and in sediments transported by percolation waters within the cave. Contamination of the daylight surface with 137Cs is about 30 kqB m–2 which is approximately 13 times higher than the density of global fallouts. Besides 137Cs, almost all samples showed presence of 134Cs with the 137Cs/134Cs ratio close to that of Chernobyl contaminations.
Concentrations of 137Cs range from 9 to 15 mBq l–1 in the present percolation waters in the cave. In sediments related to percolation waters 134Cs is detected in some samples besides 137Cs, although the effect of 228Ac is not ruled out. Surprisingly, the highest concentrations of radiocaesium were measured in "old" sediments in the cave's
lower series. These sediments are not associated with modern percolation and are represented by a clay/moonmilk alternating
sequence deposited in an old dried cave lake. Moonmilk layers have higher caesium content than clay. It is assumed that Chernobyl
caesium was transported into the cave with aerosols which were then deposited mainly in areas where condensation occurs. The
sampling site is located just in the boundary between two microclimatic zones with a temperature gradient of 0.5 °C. Active
condensation processes occur in this area. Caesium was not detected in another similar sampling site (old lake deposits) located
within homogeneous microclimatic conditions. If the above interpretation is correct, these results show the geochemical significance
of the aerosol-condensation mechanism of mass transport and localisation.
Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995 相似文献
125.
Carsten Blindauer Vladimir Rozanov John Philip Burrows 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(1):1-21
The accurate radiative transfer model GOMETRAN, initially designed to yield radiances at TOA in the wavelength range 240–790 nm, has been extended to allow for the computation of actinic fluxes down to 175 nm and for the calculation of photolysis frequencies in the atmosphere. The capability of the extended model PHOTOGT (PHOTOGOMETRAN) is demonstrated in a number of successful comparison studies both with recent experiments (ground-based, balloonborne, airborne) and model calculations of radiances, actinic fluxes and photolysis frequencies in the stratosphere and troposphere. In an atmospheric case study, the impact of new quantum yield data for the O3 » O2+O(1
d) photodissociation channel on the photolytic production of O(1
d) atoms in the lower atmosphere has been quantified. 相似文献
126.
Absorption of solar radiation within the thermal molecular sublayer of the ocean can modify the temperature difference across the cool skin as well as the air-sea gas transfer. Our model of renewal type is based on the assumption that the thermal and diffusive molecular sublayers below the ocean surface undergo cyclic growth and destruction, the heat and gas transfer between the successive burst events are performed by molecular diffusion. The model has been upgraded to include heating due to solar radiation. The renewal time is parameterized as a function of the surface Richardson number and the Keulegan number. A Rayleigh number criterion characterizes the convective instability of the cool skin under solar heating. Under low wind speed conditions, the solar heating can damp the convective instability, strongly increasing the renewal time and correspondingly decreasing the interfacial gas exchange. In the ocean, an additional convective instability caused by salinity flux due to evaporation becomes of importance in such cases. The new parameterization is compared with the cool skin data obtained in the western equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment in February 1993. In combination with a model of the diurnal thermocline it describes main features of the field data both in nighttime and daytime. Under low wind speed conditions (< 5 m s-1) diurnal variations of the sea surface temperature due to the formation of a diurnal thermocline were substantially larger than those across the cool skin. Under wind speeds > 5 m s-1, diurnal variations of the surface temperature due to the variations of the thermal molecular sublayer become more important. 相似文献
127.
Two widely-used techniques to estimate the volume of remaining oil and gas resources are discovery process modeling and geologic assessment. Both were used in a recent national assessment of oil and gas resources of the United States. Parallel estimates were obtained for 27 provinces. Geological-based estimates can typically see into areas not available to discovery process models (that is areas with little or no exploration history) and thus, on average, yield higher estimates. However, a linear relation does exist between the mean estimates obtained from these two methods. In addition, other variables were found in a multiple regression model that explained much of the difference. Thus, it is possible to perform discovery process modeling and adjust the estimates to yield results that might be expected from geological-based assessments. 相似文献
128.
保存条件是中扬子地区页岩气富集的关键因素之一,宜地2井是中扬子寒武系页岩气发现井,通过对该井全井段岩芯裂缝古流体的地球化学分析,探讨了寒武系古流体成因和对水井沱组页岩气保存条件的指示意义。结果认为:① 覃家庙组膏岩层之上方解石脉缺少Fe2+、Mn2+,且δ13C和δ18O值较围岩偏负,指示其形成于氧化的环境,石牌组方解石脉δ13C偏负,黄铁矿脉δ34S值与膏盐相似,表明其成因与TSR密切相关;水井沱组脉体δ13C和δ18O与围岩相似,形成于封闭的环境。② 方解石脉包裹体群SO42-、Ca2+、Mg2+含量整体上由覃家庙组向上向下分别递减,钠氯系数以水井沱组最低,整体上向上升高,表明覃家庙组是高盐度卤水的主要来源,水井沱组受外来流体影响弱;包裹体水溶液δD和δ18O也指示娄山关组、石牌组方解石脉成因分别与大气水、TSR相关。③ 古流体地球化学研究表明宜昌地区页岩气保存条件整体较好,页岩气散失的主要通道是垂直裂缝,页岩气保存条件好与膏盐盖层发育、后期构造破坏弱、脉体对裂缝的及时封闭以及白垩系盖层等因素密切相关。 相似文献
129.
西江主洼是珠江口盆地一个低勘探程度洼陷,油气差异聚集特征明显,但其机理不清。本文在断陷盆地油气成藏理论指导下,利用研究区地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料,开展了烃源岩、断盖组合、储集体系和运聚模式等方面的研究。结果表明,裂陷期沉降、沉积中心有序迁移,造成主力烃源岩自东向西由文四段迁移至文三段、文一+二段,控制东、西部油气差异分布。恩平组区域性泥岩发育且晚期断裂缺乏,导致油气纵向上更易聚集于下构造层;区域泥岩减薄尖灭或晚期断裂切开盖层的区域,上构造层有一定油气分布。"源-汇"类型从宏观上控制储层优劣,影响下构造层油气富集程度;"仓储"运移是控制上构造层油气规模聚集的主要模式。下构造层古近系应作为重点部署方向,东部围绕文四段、西部围绕文三段、文一+二段烃源岩构成的含油气系统展开;上构造层勘探需关注珠海组,在隆起周边寻找具备"仓储"运移模式的有利区带。 相似文献
130.
Günter Helas Jürgen Lobert Dieter Scharffe Luise Schäfer Johann Goldammer Jean Baudet Brou Ahoua Ayité-Lô Ajavon Jean-Pierre Lacaux Robert Delmas Meinrat O. Andreae 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(1-2):163-174
Ozone has been observed in elevated concentrations by satellites over areas previously believed to be background. There is meteorological evidence, that these ozone plumes found over the Atlantic Ocean originate from vegetation fires on the African continent.In a previous study (DECAFE-88), we have investigated ozone and assumed precursor compounds over African tropical forest regions. Our measurements revealed large photosmog layers at altitudes from 1.5 to 4 km. Both chemical and meteorological evidence point to savanna fires up to several thousand km upwind as sources.Here we describe ozone mixing ratios observed over western Africa and compare ozone production ratios from different field measurement campaigns related to vegetation burning. We find that air masses containing photosmog ingredients require several days to develop their oxidation potential, similar to what is known from air polluted by emissions from fossil fuel burning. Finally, we estimate the global ozone production due to vegetation fires and conclude that this source is comparable in strength to the stratospheric input. 相似文献