广州盛夏期海盐核(Cl~-)巨粒子的分布特征

本文分析了1987年8至9月间在广州观测的Cl~-巨盐核资料。主要结果有:①干直径大于2μm的Cl~-核平均浓度31个/L,平均含盐量0.84μg /m~3,其中于直径大于4μm的特大核平均为3个/L,最大于直径25μm,均远低于南海海域的值。②浓度谱呈典型的单峰型幂函数递减谱,谱型窄而光滑;质量谱也表现为单峰分布。③盐核的日际变化与天气系统有密切关系,台风活动可造成海盐粒子浓度的大量增多,形成所谓“盐核暴”现象。     

The exsolution of magmatic hydrosaline chloride liquids

Hydrosaline liquid represents the most Cl-enriched volatile phase that occurs in magmas, and the exsolution of this phase has important consequences for processes of hydrothermal mineralization and for volcanic emission of Cl to the atmosphere. To understand the exsolution of hydrosaline liquids in felsic to mafic magmas, the volatile abundances and (Cl/H₂O) ratios of more than 1000 silicate melt inclusions (MI) have been compared with predicted and experimentally determined solubilities of Cl and H₂O and associated (Cl/H₂O) ratios of silicate melts that were saturated in hydrosaline chloride liquid with or without aqueous vapor in hydrothermal experiments. This approach identifies the minimum volatile contents and the values of (Cl/H₂O) at which a hydrosaline chloride liquid exsolves from any CO₂- or SO₂-poor silicate melt. Chlorine solubility is a strong function of melt composition, so it follows that Cl solubility in magmas varies with melt evolution. Computations show that the (Cl/H₂O) ratio of residual melt in evolving silicate magmas either remains constant or increases to a small extent with fractional crystallization. Consequently, the initial (Cl/H₂O) in melt that is established early during partial melting has important consequences for the exsolution of vapor, vapor plus hydrosaline liquid, or hydrosaline liquid later during the final stages of melt ascent, emplacement, and crystallization or eruption. It is demonstrated that the melt (Cl/H₂O) controls the type of volatile phase that exsolves, whereas the volatile abundances in melt control the relative timing of volatile phase exsolution (i.e., the time of earliest volatile exsolution relative to the rate of magma ascent and crystallization history).

Comparing melt inclusion compositions with experimentally determined (Cl/H₂O) ratios and corresponding volatile solubilities of hydrosaline liquid-saturated silicate melts suggests that some fractions of the eruptive, calc-alkaline dacitic magmas of the Bonnin and Izu arcs should have saturated in and exsolved hydrosaline liquid at pressures of 2000 bars. Application of these same melt inclusion data to the predicted volatile solubilities of Cu-, Au-, and Mo-mineralized, calc-alkaline porphyritic magmas suggests that the chemical evolution of dioritic magmas to more-evolved quartz monzonite compositions involves a dramatic reduction in Cl solubility that increases the probability of hydrosaline liquid exsolution. The prediction that quartz monzonite magmas should exsolve a hydrosaline chloride liquid, that is potentially mineralizing, is consistent with the general observation of metal-enriched, hypersaline fluid inclusions in the more felsic plutons of numerous porphyry copper systems. Moreover, comparing the volatile contents of melt inclusions from the potassic, alkaline magmas of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius with the predicted (Cl/H₂O) ratios of hydrosaline liquid-saturated melts having compositions similar to those of the volatile-rich, alkaline magmas associated with the orthomagmatic gold–tellurium deposits of Cripple Creek, Colorado, suggests that hydrosaline chloride liquid should have exsolved at Cripple Creek as the magmas evolved to phonolite compositions. This prediction is consistent with the well-documented role of Cl-enriched, mineralizing hydrothermal fluids at this major gold-mining district.     

石盐溶解过程中氯同位素分馏的初步研究

采用氯同位素组成测定的正热电离质谱法,研究了模拟石盐快速和慢速溶解过程及达到溶解-结晶平衡状态后氯同位素分馏现象。用Na2SO4饱和溶液模拟水溶剂中快速溶解过程,用99.5%乙醇模拟非水溶剂慢速溶解过程。在水溶剂和非水溶剂中,氯离子含量呈相反的变化趋势。快速溶解过程中,氯同位素分馏系数的变化范围为0.999 25～1.001 09,平均值为1.000 29,基本与自然界盐湖卤水石盐结晶体系的趋势相似;慢速溶解过程中氯同位素分馏系数的变化范围为0.999 34～1.001 07,平均值为0.999 51,此过程中开始能反映出NaC l慢速结晶过程的氯同位素分馏,处于溶解与再结晶共存时,氯同位素处于0分馏状态。NaC l的溶解基本能反映出自然界中盐湖卤水快速结晶和慢速结晶中的氯同位素分馏。