一种GPS多路径反射信号的雪深反演

针对传统雪深测量缺乏必要时空敏感性的不足,该文在分析GPS信号多路径反射模型的基础上,利用GPS信噪比观测数据,通过分离提取多路径反射分量研究其时频特性,探讨GPS多路径信号与雪深及其变化关系并进行反演建模。依据菲涅尔反射区理论,确定了反射区域范围,进一步探讨卫星、波段选择及初始反射高度确定等。对比实验研究表明,反演结果与实测值吻合较好,相关系数为0.93,均方根误差为8.6cm;信噪比多路径反射分量的频率能有效跟踪积雪深度的变化。     

Precise tidal gravity recorded with superconducting gravimeters at stations Wuhan (China) and Kyoto (Japan)

 Three long series of tidal gravity observations, totalizing approximately 24 years and recorded with three superconducting gravimeters, T004, T008, and T009, at stations Wuhan (China) and Kyoto (Japan), are studied. The tidal amplitude factors and phase differences are determined precisely using Eterna and Nsv techniques. The precision of the main tidal amplitudes is at the same level of 0.01 μGal. The atmospheric gravity signals are corrected using the coefficients determined with a regression method between tidal gravity residual and station air pressure. The oceanic gravity signals are modeled based on five global oceanic models. It is found that the oceanic models developed by the analysis of measurements from Topex/Poseidon altimeters have the best fit to the superconducting gravimeter measurements, since the observed residuals and the discrepancies between the amplitude factors and the theoretical tidal models are reduced more significantly. The long-period gravity variations are dominated by the non-linear drift phenomena of the instruments, and the short-term variations in gravity are due to the background noise at the stations. Received: 20 January 2000 / Accepted: 15 September 2000     

Undifferenced Cycle Slip Estimation of Triple-Frequency BeiDou Signals with Ionosphere Prediction

With the rapid development of BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS), high-quality service has been provided in the Asia-Pacific region currently, which will be extended to the whole world very soon. BDS is the first Global Navigation Satellite System that all satellites broadcast the triple-frequency signals. The triple-frequency signals in theory can improve the cycle slip detection that is one of the preconditions in precise positioning by making use of carrier phase. This paper discusses the development of a cycle slip detection method for undifferenced BDS triple-frequency observations in kinematic scenario. In this method, two geometry-free extra-wide-lane combinations and one geometry-free narrow-lane (NL) combinations are employed. The key is to mitigate the between-epoch ionospheric biases in the geometry-free NL combinations. We propose to predict the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using those from its consecutive foregoing epochs. The method is tested with extensive experiments in varying observation scenarios. The results show that in case of sampling interval as small as 5 s, the between-epoch ionospheric biases can be ignored and the correct cycle slips can be determined. Meanwhile in case of lower sampling frequency, one needs to compensate the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using the predicted ionospheric biases. The presented method can correctly detect all cycle slips even if they are as small as 1 cycle.     

An attenuation-based sediment classification technique using Chirp sub-bottom profiler data and laboratory acoustic analysis

A remote sediment classification technique based on attenuation measurements from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data is described. This differs from previously published work in that attenuation measurements are obtained for each stratigraphic unit within a complex, thinly interbedded sedimentary sequence. Compressional wave attenuation measurements are obtained for a wide variety of lithologies, including muds, silts, sands, clayey sands, silty clays and gravel lags, with grain sizes ranging from 8 Phi to -4 Phi. In addition, attenuation measurements from sub-bottom profiler data were calibrated against laboratory acoustic measurements of vibracores and seabed samples from corresponding geographic locations, under simulated in-situ conditions using a Pulse Tube method. We adapt an instantaneous frequency matching method using a causal attenuation filter to model the decay of the Chirp transmitted waveform. From this modelling, a relationship between t* (a causal attenuation operator) and change in instantaneous frequency is established. The Hilbert transform is used to extract instantaneous frequency information from Chirp seismic, which is used to derive attenuation information for selected individual stratigraphic layers imaged by the sub-bottom profiler. This paper draws attention to the limitations in comparing attenuation measurements derived from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data against previously published literature on experimental attenuation measurements, which are limited by the wide variance of these data, and the difficulty in finding a meaningful best fit to these data. This demonstrates the importance of calibrating remote sediment classification observations using complimentary acoustic analysis of seabed samples to generate a site-specific geoacoustic database. A positive correlation between laboratory and sub-bottom profiler attenuation measurements was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Poorly sorted gravels with a mixed lithic and biogenic pebble component are characterised by very high attenuation with values of Q from 4 to 19. These sediments are considerably coarser-grained than those typically described in previously published experimental studies.     

Even–odd analysis on a complex shoreline

An even–odd signal decomposition is performed on a complex shoreline having a longshore sediment transport gradient. The expected impact of erosion due to a navigation channel and structures is discussed and implications of the transport gradient on the decomposed shoreline signal are noted.     

GNSS信号数字畸变频域模型的建立

从BPSK、BOCs（1,1）以及BOCs（m,n）信号的自相关函数和数字畸变互相关函数出发,推导出BPSK、BOCs（1,1）以及BOCs（m,n）信号数字畸变的互相关功率谱,建立了数字畸变频域模型,通过比较传统数字畸变模型和数字畸变频域模型的测距偏差,证明在分析畸变信号影响时,数字畸变频域模型可以代替传统数字畸变时域模型,从而简化了数字畸变信号影响的分析过程。     

一种GNSS码跟踪环路中的多径抑制方法

主要介绍了一种在GNSS信号中抑制多径信号的鉴相方法,接收机接收到的GNSS信号中往往包含多径信号,GNSS信号进行下变频生成中频信号后,进行模数转换;将经过模数转换后的GNSS信号进行载波剥离,得到I路和Q路的信号,在码跟踪环路中,对I路和Q路信号进行码剥离,得到多径信号的互相关功率后,采用基于精密TK采样间隔的TK—EML5鉴相方法,能够起到有效地抑制多径信号的效果。     

长江上游夏季径流量年际增量预测模型及检验

基于1980-2020年长江上游夏季径流量、降水和气温等资料,采用小波分析、最优子集回归等方法,分析径流量、降水量和气温的变化关系,探讨引发径流量变化的前兆气候异常信号,并构建径流量年际增量预测模型.结果 表明:径流量多寡直接取决于流域总降水量,两者表现出显著的准两年周期振荡特征,年际增量之间的相关系数(TCC)为0....     

高灵敏度GPS技术的研究进展

介绍了高灵敏度GPS（High—Sensitivity GPS）技术的研究进展及高灵敏度GPS技术的应用前景和研究意义。分析了GPS信号在室内、森林、城市等一般GPS接收机无法应用环境的特性，综述了高灵敏度GPS关键技术的基本原理。高灵敏度GPS技术的核心就是室内环境微弱GPS信号的捕获技术，重点介绍了捕获室内环境弱GPS信号的基本方法，总结了各种捕获算法的特点。     

Theoretical Investigation of Seismic Electric Field Associated with Faulting

We present an electromagnetic model of a fault using the piezoelectric effect and the elastic dislocation theory to investigate theoretically the spatial distribution of the stress-induced charges associated with faulting. The relevant seismic electric field associated with these induced charges can be estimated quantitatively. Therefore, this simple model would provide a solid framework for additional theoretical developments on the explanations of the anomalous seismoelectric signals. The spatial distribution of the stress-induced charges around a vertical rectangular fault showed complicated characteristics. The estimation of the electric field associated with the stress-induced charges during the 1995 Kobe earthquake was consistent with the previous investigation from some reported anomalous seismic phenomena.