地电信号的自动采集及信号的初步分析

介绍了北京工业大学地震研究所南北方向地电信号自动采集系统的工作原理,以两个圆图异常信号和两个自动采集的地电信号为研究对象,利用傅立叶变换及小波变换,对信号进行了频域特征分析,并对两种信号做了对比.同时给出了自动采集系统的地电信号趋势图.为后期的地电研究提供了有用的数据资料.     

Processing RoxAnn sonar data to improve its categorization of lake bed surficial substrates†

To categorize spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout in Minnesota's near shore waters of Lake Superior, data was collected with a single beam echo sounder coupled with a RoxAnn bottom classification sensor. Test areas representative of the different bottom surficial substrates were sampled. The collected data consisted of acoustic signals which showed both depth and substrate type. The location of the signals was tagged in real-time with a DGPS. All data was imported into a GIS database. To better interpret the output signal from the RoxAnn, several pattern classifiers were developed by multivariate statistical method. From the data a detailed and accurate map of lake bed bathymetry and surficial substrate types was produced. This map will be of great value to fishery and other natural resource managers.     

基于Chirp数据和Biot-Stoll模型反演南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物物理性质

浅地层剖面是基于声学信号(频率在几百至几千赫兹)在沉积物中的传播得到可反映沉积地层结构的数据,海底反射系数与沉积物物理性质密切相关。Biot-Stoll声波传播理论模型可以预测海底沉积物的物理性质,构建反射系数等声学参数与物理参数之间的关系,但在不同的海域采用不同的参数所获得的效果不同。为此,本文基于南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物的实测物理参数,利用Biot-Stoll模型建立研究区海底反射系数和沉积物物理性质之间的关系,结果表明模型计算值与样品实测值吻合度总体较好,偏差在0.1%～4.9%之间,并建立了频率3.5 kHz时海底反射系数与沉积物孔隙度、密度、平均粒径之间的关系方程,且方程拟合度较高,可决系数R2均大于0.99。在对典型Chirp剖面数据计算其海底反射系数的基础上,反演了海底表层沉积物的孔隙度、密度、颗粒平均粒径等物理性质,其中反演孔隙度、密度、平均粒径与实测孔隙度、密度、平均粒径相对误差均小于5%,结果与实测值基本相符,表明该反演方法在南海北部陆坡区的应用是可行的。     

A Novel Approach for Estimating Debris Flow Velocities from Near-Field Broadband Seismic Observations

On August 7^th, 2010, Sanyanyu and Luojiayu debris flows triggered by a heavy rain have lashed Zhouqu City around midnight, leading to catastrophic destruction which killed 1 765 people and resulted in enormous economic loss. The ZHQ Seismic Station is located approximately 170 m west of the outlet of the Sanyanyu Gully. The seismometer deployed at the seismic station started recording seismic signals of ever-enlarging amplitude around 10 minutes before the debris flow rushed out of the Sanyanyu Gully, showing ever approaching seismic source, i.e. the debris flow. In this study, we analyze this seismic event and propose an inversion algorithm to estimate the velocity of the debris flow by searching the best-fitting pairs of envelopes in the synthetic seismograms and the corresponding field seismic records in a least-square sense. Inversion results reveal that, before rushing out of the outlet, the average velocity of the debris flow gradually increased from 6.2 m/s to 7.1 m/s and finally reached 15 m/s at approximately 0.5 km above the outlet and kept this value since then. Obviously, the ever-increasing velocity of the debris flow is the key factor for the following disasters. Compared with other studies, our approach can provide the velocity distribution for the debris flow before its outbreak; Besides, it has the potential to provide technological support for a better understanding of the disaster process of a debris flow.     

丘陵地带地震资料随机噪声压制新技术:高阶加权阈值函数的Shearlet变换

随着山地和丘陵地震勘探环境的复杂化,传统的消噪方法已经难以有效地压制地震记录中的随机噪声.Shearlet变换是一种新的多尺度多方向的时频分析方法,具有良好的稀疏表示特性,并且在每个尺度进行方向分解,非常适合用于地震信号随机噪声的压制.但是传统的Shearlet变换去噪方法采用的是硬阈值,在抑制随机噪声的同时也消除了很多有效信号,使得去噪之后的地震资料出现虚假的同相轴,为了解决这一问题我们提出高阶加权阈值函数.高阶加权阈值函数不但整体上连续性较好,而且克服了硬阈值函数存在剧烈的变化的缺点以及软阈值在处理较大Shearlet系数总存在恒定偏差的问题,同时保留了传统的软硬阈值函数的优点.实验结果表明这种基于高阶加权阈值函数的Shearlet变换去噪的方法,可以有效的消除模拟地震信号和实际丘陵地带地震信号中的随机噪声,同时很好的保留有效信号的幅度.     

日本M9.0地震后云南测震数据中

2011-03-11日本M9.0地震后引发的地球自由振荡在测震和地倾斜观测数据中同时出现。其中,测震记录中出现大量低频长周期信号,这些信号的频率在地震计的通频带之外,难以用常规的地震计理论来解释。为判断该信号是地面倾斜还是地面平动,将该长周期信号分别假设为平动及倾斜信号,基于观测系统模型对整个观测过程进行仿真。结果表明, 日本9.0级地震后,洱源台测震数据中周期约为390 s（6.5 min）的通带外信号主要来源于地震计对地面倾斜的响应而非平动。     

高精度GPS定位中多路径影响研究述评

多路径误差是影响高精度GPS测量定位成果精度的主要误差源。本文阐述了多路径误差的特点、影响的规律性以及消除或削弱多路径误差影响的方法和措施,为从事高精度GPS测量定位及其科研工作提供参考。     

Effect of ENSO on annual maximum floods and volume over threshold in the southwestern region of Iran

In this paper, the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the annual maximum flood (AMF) and volume over threshold (VOT) in two major neighbouring river basins in southwest Iran are investigated. The basins are located upstream of the Dez and Karun-I dams and cover over 40?000 km² in total area. The effects of ENSO on the frequency, magnitude and severity (frequency times magnitude) of flood characteristics over the March–April period were analysed. ENSO indices were also correlated with both AMF and VOT. The results indicate that, in the Dez and Karun basins, the El Niño phenomenon intensifies March–April floods compared with neutral conditions. The opposite is true in La Niña conditions. The degree of the effect is more intense in the El Niño period.     

基于声光信号的单站式闪电三维通道定位系统

目前基于雷声的三维定位系统多停留在实验阶段,从业务化运行的角度考虑,改进了单站式闪电三维定位系统的麦克风阵列,设计了定位算法,利用该系统采集了2014年夏季南京地区的部分闪电数据,并从计算耗时的角度对三维通道实时定位的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,基于声光信号的单站式闪电三维通道定位系统可重构闪电的三维通道;对连续的雷声信号进行分帧,帧长取0.03 s时,声源定位点可描绘出清晰的闪电主通道;采用分组保存和处理闪电声光信号的方法,可实现实时定位,当一组数据的保存时间为50 s时,计算耗时为46.507 s。     

A numerical diagnosis of leading signals facilitating a “north-ridge south-trough” dipole for the early-2008 south-China freezing-rain events

Previous studies emphasize the important role of a "north-ridge versus south-trough" dipole (affecting the latitudes from 20° to 75° N around the Tibetan Plateau) of anomalous geopotential height ( Z ) in the early-2008 abnormal cryogenic freezing-rain-and-snow events in the southern part of China. The present study intends to extract the leading signal facilitating the dipole based on the numerical outputs of a full Z-linear model for diagnosing the global Z . Using this model built on full primitive equations in spherical-isobaric coordinates, we can further split the anomaly of Z-Zfζ-uβ (representing the Z component not explicitly associated with the Coriolis parameter f and its meridional derivative β ) into 15 components. With the model-output Zfζ-uβ (mainly accounting for the dipole under the geostrophic balance) and Z-Zfζ-uβ matrices as the left and right singular vectors respectively, a maximum covariance analysis (MCA) is performed to extract the significant 2-4-day leading signal carried by the MCA Z-Zfζ-uβ mode in the upstream area of the dipole. This leading signal is mainly attributed to 1) the abnormally strong westerlies centered around the exit region of the Atlantic jet-stream and 2) the corresponding anomalous 950-300 hPa anticyclone to the south of the abnormally strong center of westerlies. The energy of the positive wave center around this jet exit region favors the downstream north-ridge while the energy of the negative wave center associated with the anomalous anticyclone favors the downstream south-trough.